Search

Although reflection is believed to play a key role in promoting learning and performance, few studies have examined its effects on success and failure on well-being and positive behavioral outcomes. Thus, this study aims to explore the influence of reflection on success and failure on proactive behavior mediated through work authenticity, using a two-wave survey of employees from a municipal office in Japan (n = 219). The results of structural equation modeling indicated that reflection on success directly and indirectly enhanced proactive behavior through work authenticity, while reflection on failure had no significant influence on both work authenticity and proactive behavior. This study thus contributes to research on reflection and positive psychology by identifying the role of reflection on success in promoting employees' well-being and positive behavioral outcomes., Author(s): Makoto Matsuo [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.39158.36, 0000 0001 2173 7691, Graduate School of Economics and Business Administration, Hokkaido University, , Kita9 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, Japan Introduction [...]

Resume : La sociologie catholique du catholicisme etudie la place du catholicisme dans les societes avec des methodes scientifiques et objectivantes, dans un but partiellement spirituel ou pastoral. Cet article [...]

The following case study attempted to assess what factors contribute to graduate school and early-career success among sport management graduate students. As faculty members charged with admitting the next generation [...]

The pursuit of excellence in jazz drumming seems like highly unlikely fodder for a heart-stopping psychological thriller. Indeed, at first, writer/ director Damien Chazelle's Whiplash (2014), about a young jazz [...]

Harvard sociologist Robert Putnam is worried about America. He should be. As Charles Murray put it in the title of his important book, we're coming apart. (I wrote about Coming [...]

'Old MacDonald Had a Farm' is an immensely successful popular song. In this essay I explore the life of this song from its earliest known version as performed on the [...]

The topic of presidential-congressional relations is well studied, with scholars identifying party control as a strong predictor of presidential success in Congress. Although the research recognizes the importance of policy variation to explaining political processes, few have examined its impact on presidential success in Congress. This article holds that policy scope is important to explaining presidential success in Congress in that different policies engender different levels of conflict and participation in the legislative process. Using data on individual policy proposals from 1949 to 2006, I demonstrate that the policy scope of the president's legislative agenda not only affects the likelihood of presidential success, it also conditions the impact of expected effects on presidential success., The relationship between the president and Congress is a central topic in the scientific study of politics. The literature is clear that a handful of variables strongly influence the likelihood [...]

A study of perception of affective pictures from the International Affective Photo System, using the Self Assessment Manikin scale, was conducted. It was hypothesized that participants' affective ratings could be moderated by a subjective experience of success or failure. Analysis, based on a sample of 36 university students, showed an approach tendency for women when they were exposed to positive pictures in the success condition. This approach tendency was associated with relatively shorter processing times and high affective ratings. Men showed relatively shorter processing times and high affective ratings when exposed to negative pictures. For memo ry-related measures, the highest scores were observed in the success condition for exposure to pleasant pictures. The results are discussed in terms of affective-related self-regulatory tendencies moderated by sex. DOI 10.2466/PR0.100.2.585-603

An attempt is made to address the distinctive nature of complacency, which is clarified by contrasting it with, related vices, including apathy, resignation, pride, and hypocrisy. It is concluded that a certain degree of pride (not necessarily excessive) could be taken as a necessary accompaniment to complacency, while not being a component of complacency itself, and that an epistemically culpable overestimate of one's efforts and achievements, and a resultant excessive self-satisfaction lie at the foundations of complacency.

The authors suggest that a string of successful outcomes produces a length r that becomes a positive integer, which terminates play. They offer three models of coin-tossing to maximize the reward before the stopping criterion takes effect.

Byline: Marie S. Hammond (1) Keywords: Needs Assessment; Career Centers; outcome evaluation; program evaluation; survey questionnaires; continuous quality improvement Abstract: Career Centers are experiencing increasing demands to justify the cost of their services, document the effectiveness of their services, increase their use of technology, and provide a broader range of services. Given the limited personnel and funding associated with most Career Centers, and it can seem like an overwhelming set of demands to respond to. This article explores the use of the needs assessment as a tool to provide evidence of effectiveness, justify costs, and make effective decisions about the services they provide. This article will discuss the benefits of conducting a needs assessment, the process of developing and implementing a needs assessment using an needs assessment project conducted at a small, mid-western University. Author Affiliation: (1) Career Services, 17 Holmes Student Center, The University of Tulsa, 600 South College Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74104 Article History: Registration Date: 07/10/2004

Byline: D.B. Hershenov (1) Author Affiliation: (1) University of California at Santa Barbera, Santa Barbara, CA, 93107, USA Article History: Registration Date: 09/10/2004

For a sample of 59 male and 26 female students in continuing education at a private university, analyses indicated that (a) scores on a basic algebra test (either in a traditional multiple-choice format in which each item is accompanied by a reinforcing illustrative example) employed for placement of students in an intermediate algebra course were promising predictors of success in this course (rs = .67 and .66, respectively, p < .05) and (b) affective measures representing the constructs of mathematics anxiety and locus of control appeared to have little, if any, predictive validity.

Attributions of 93 native West-African and 63 African-American athletes following ruminations (conjuring thoughts about the past) of success and failure are juxtaposed. Related literature suggested that culture tended to exert a significant effect on attributions. While successful outcomes were attributed similarly across African and American cultures amongst black athletes, attributions of failure varied significantly.

BE LIKE MIKE!' A famous and successful television commercial used that slogan to invite viewers to emulate Michael Jordan--simply by purchasing the same brand of sneakers he wore. This is [...]

As increasingly more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, theoretical attention to successful ageing is needed. In this paper, we overview historical, societal and philosophical evidence for a deep, long-standing ambivalence about human ageing that has influenced even scientific views of old age. In recent years, however, discussion of the psychological and behavioural processes people use to maintain and reach new goals in late life has gained momentum. We contribute to this discussion the metamodel of selective optimisation with compensation, developed by Baltes and Baltes. The model is a metamodel that attempts to represent scientific knowledge about the nature of development and ageing with the focus on successful adaptation. The model takes gains and losses jointly into account, pays attention to the great heterogeneity in ageing and successful ageing, and views successful mastery of goals in the face of losses endemic to advanced age as the result of the interplay of the three processes, selection, compensation, and optimisation. We review evidence from the biological and social science literatures for each component and discuss new research avenues to study the interaction of the three processes. KEY WORDS - Success, successful ageing, selection, compensation, optimisation.

This paper posits an anthorpological perspective on smoking cessation that considers both the social context for cigarette use and disuse, and the construction of meanings for the quitting process. With reference to the dialectic of person and individual propounded by Burridge (1979), four case studies of cigarette smokers are presented to elucidate the quitting process in the context of achieving a 'new stage, a new life'. At certain times, events-that-happen may cause persons to act as individuals; by seizing the moment in this way, they achieve a moment of individuality in which roles, desires, and objectives for living are recreated and transformed.

The factors contributing to the success or failure of new products were examined by studying more than 330 new electronics products and testing a product development model. Research results indicate that the success of new products was influenced primarily by the R&D organization's overall quality, the product's quality, the customers' opinion of the value of the product, the use of the strengths of the firm when designing the product, the commitment of management, the ability of the marketing and manufacturing functions, weak competition, and large, expanding markets.