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1. Back Cover

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

2. Index

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

3. Contributors

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

4. Proximate

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

5. Chapter 13 Travel Disruptions: Irritability and Canonisation

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

6. Chapter 12 Wood and Water: Resonances from the Indian Ocean

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

8. Part 4 Closing Reflections

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

9. Chapter 11 Amphibious Form: Southern Print Cultures on Indian Ocean Shores

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

10. Chapter 9 A Turn to the Indian Ocean

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

11. Part 3 Oceanic Turns

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

13. Chapter 8 Seeing Waters Afresh: Working with Isabel Hofmeyr

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

14. Chapter 6 Hemispheric Limits: Rethinking the Uses of Diaspora from South Africa

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

15. Part 2 Portable Methods

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

16. Chapter 4 Oral Genres and Home-Grown Print Culture

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

18. Chapter 5 Overcomers: A Historical Sketch

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

19. Introduction Southern Lodestar: Isabel Hofmeyr's Life and Work

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

20. Chapter 2 African Popular Literatures Rising

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

21. Part 1 High, Low and In-Between

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

22. Acknowledgements

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

23. Chapter 1 Transformations

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

24. Title Page, Copyright

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

25. List of Figures

Author

Subramanian, Lakshmi, Samuelson, Meg, Lahiri, Madhumita, Primorac, Ranka, Ouma, Christopher EW, Ogude, James, Mupotsa, Danai S, Mkhize, Khwezi, Hamilton, Carolyn, Gqola, Pumla Dineo, Burton, Antoinette, Bhattacharya, Rimli, Barber, Karin, Baderoon, Gabeba, Amrith, Sunil, Nuttall, Sarah, and Lavery, Charne

Published
2023

28. Residual Stresses: Measurements and Their Influence on the Ultimate Shear Strength of Hybrid I-Sections

Author

Nayak, Namita, Subramanian, Lakshmi, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Lu, Xinzheng, Series Editor, Kumar, Ratnesh, editor, Bakre, Sachin V., editor, and Goel, Manmohan Dass, editor

Published
2025
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Influence of Heat-Curving on the Flexural Capacity of Horizontally-Curved Steel I-Beams

Author

Nandakumar, Aanandh, Subramanian, Lakshmi, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Lu, Xinzheng, Series Editor, Kumar, Ratnesh, editor, Bakre, Sachin V., editor, and Goel, Manmohan Dass, editor

Published
2025
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. ZEUS: An Experimental Toolkit for Evaluating Congestion Control Algorithms in 5G Environments

Author

Asim, Rohail, Khan, Muhammad, Diez, Luis, Iyer, Shiva, Aguero, Ramon, Subramanian, Lakshmi, and Zaki, Yasir

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Computer Science - Performance
Abstract

As global cellular networks converge to 5G, one question lingers: Are we ready for the 5G challenge? A growing concern surrounds how well do existing congestion control algorithms perform in diverse 5G networks. Given that 5G networks are not yet widely deployed, assessing the performance of existing congestion control algorithms in realistic 5G settings presents several challenges. Moreover, existing network simulation and emulation environments are also not ideally suited to address the unique challenges of 5G network environments. Therefore, building a simple and easily accessible platform becomes crucial to allow testing and comparison of congestion control algorithms under different testing conditions. This paper makes two main contributions. First, we present Zeus, an open-source testbed that emulates 5G channels to evaluate congestion control algorithms in a repeatable and reproducible manner. Second, we assess and characterize ten of today's state-of-the-art congestion control algorithms under different 5G environments and show the difficulties of these solutions to achieve high performance under highly varying 5G channel conditions. In addition, we also utilize the recently proposed harm metric to characterize the detriment done by such algorithms to TCP Cubic cross traffic in 5G environments., Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures

Published
2022

39. How mechanisms of stem cell polarity shape the human cerebral cortex.

Author

Andrews, Madeline, Subramanian, Lakshmi, Salma, Jahan, and Kriegstein, Arnold

Subjects
Humans, Cell Polarity, Cerebral Cortex, Stem Cells, Organoids, Cell Membrane
Abstract

Apical-basal progenitor cell polarity establishes key features of the radial and laminar architecture of the developing human cortex. The unique diversity of cortical stem cell populations and an expansion of progenitor population size in the human cortex have been mirrored by an increase in the complexity of cellular processes that regulate stem cell morphology and behaviour, including their polarity. The study of human cells in primary tissue samples and human stem cell-derived model systems (such as cortical organoids) has provided insight into these processes, revealing that protein complexes regulate progenitor polarity by controlling cell membrane adherence within appropriate cortical niches and are themselves regulated by cytoskeletal proteins, signalling molecules and receptors, and cellular organelles. Studies exploring how cortical stem cell polarity is established and maintained are key for understanding the features of human brain development and have implications for neurological dysfunction.

Published
2022

44. [Solution] ALCC: Migrating Congestion Control To The Application Layer In Cellular Networks

Author

Zaki, Yasir, Asim, Rohail, Khan, Muhammad, Iyer, Shiva, Ahmad, Talal, Potsch, Thomas, and Subramanian, Lakshmi

Subjects
networking
Abstract

TCP is known to perform poorly in cellular network environ- ments. Yet, most mobile applications are explicitly built on the conventional TCP stack or implicitly leverage TCP tun- nels to various cellular middleboxes, including performance- enhancing proxies, application-specific edge proxies, VPN proxies and NAT boxes. Despite significant advances in the design of new congestion control (CC) protocols for cellular networks, deploying these protocols without bypassing the underlying TCP tunnels has remained a challenging propo- sition. This paper proposes the design of a new Application Layer Congestion Control (ALCC) framework that allows any new CC protocol to be implemented easily at the application layer, within or above an application-layer protocol that sits atop a legacy TCP stack. It drives it to deliver approximately the same as the native performance. The ALCC socket sits on top of a traditional TCP socket. Still, it can leverage the large congestion windows opened by TCP connections to carefully execute an application-level CC within the window bounds of the underlying TCP connection. This paper demonstrates how ALCC can be applied to three well-known cellular CC pro- tocols: Verus, Copa, and Sprout. For these protocols, ALCC can achieve comparable throughput and delay characteristics (within 3-10%) as the native protocols at the application layer across different networks and traffic conditions. ALCC al- lows a server-side implementation of these protocols with no client modifications and with zero bytes overhead. The ALCC framework can be easily integrated with off-the-shelf applications such as file transfers and video streaming.

Published
2022

45. JSAnalyzer: A Web Developer Tool for Simplifying Mobile Pages Through JavaScript Optimizations

Author

Chaqfeh, Moumena, Hu, Jacinta, Hashmi, Waleed, Coke, Russell, Subramanian, Lakshmi, and Zaki, Yasir

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

The amount of JavaScript embedded in Web pages has substantially grown in the past decade, leading to large and complex pages that are computationally intensive for mobile devices. In this paper, we propose JSAnalyzer, an easy-to-use tool that enables Web developers to quickly optimize and generate simpler versions of existing web pages for mobile users. JSAnalyzer can selectively enable or disable JavaScript elements in a page while visually observing their impact, such that non-critical elements can be removed without sacrificing the visual content or the interactive functionality. Our quantitative evaluation results show that JSAnalyzer achieves more than 88% relative increase in performance scoring for low-end mobile phones (i.e., from 32% to 60%), and reduces the page load time by 30%. A qualitative study of 22 users shows that JSAnalyzer maintains more than 90% visual similarity to the original pages, whereas a developer evaluation study conducted with 23 developers shows that JSAnalyzer scores more than 80% in terms of usefulness and usability while retaining the page content and functional features. Additionally, we show that JSAnalyzer outperforms state-of-the-art solutions such as JSCleaner and Google AMP., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021

46. To Block or Not to Block: Accelerating Mobile Web Pages On-The-Fly Through JavaScript Classification

Author

Chaqfeh, Moumena, Haseeb, Muhammad, Hashmi, Waleed, Inshuti, Patrick, Ramesh, Manesha, Varvello, Matteo, Zaffar, Fareed, Subramanian, Lakshmi, and Zaki, Yasir

Subjects
Computer Science - Other Computer Science
Abstract

The increasing complexity of JavaScript in modern mobile web pages has become a critical performance bottleneck for low-end mobile phone users, especially in developing regions. In this paper, we propose SlimWeb, a novel approach that automatically derives lightweight versions of mobile web pages on-the-fly by eliminating the use of unnecessary JavaScript. SlimWeb consists of a JavaScript classification service powered by a supervised Machine Learning (ML) model that provides insights into each JavaScript element embedded in a web page. SlimWeb aims to improve the web browsing experience by predicting the class of each element, such that essential elements are preserved and non-essential elements are blocked by the browsers using the service. We motivate the core design of SlimWeb using a user preference survey of 306 users and perform a detailed evaluation of SlimWeb across 500 popular web pages in a developing region on real 3G and 4G cellular networks, along with a user experience study with 20 real-world users and a usage willingness survey of 588 users. Evaluation results show that SlimWeb achieves a 50% reduction in the page load time compared to the original pages, and more than 30% reduction compared to competing solutions, while achieving high similarity scores to the original pages measured via a qualitative evaluation study of 62 users. SlimWeb improves the overall user experience by more than 60% compared to the original pages, while maintaining 90%-100% of the visual and functional components of most pages. Finally, the SlimWeb classifier achieves a median accuracy of 90% in predicting the JavaScript category., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021

47. Muzeel: A Dynamic JavaScript Analyzer for Dead Code Elimination in Today's Web

Author

Kupoluyi, Tofunmi, Chaqfeh, Moumena, Varvello, Matteo, Hashmi, Waleed, Subramanian, Lakshmi, and Zaki, Yasir

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

JavaScript contributes to the increasing complexity of today's web. To support user interactivity and accelerate the development cycle, web developers heavily rely on large general-purpose third-party JavaScript libraries. This practice increases the size and the processing complexity of a web page by bringing additional functions that are not used by the page but unnecessarily downloaded and processed by the browser. In this paper, an analysis of around 40,000 web pages shows that 70% of JavaScript functions on the median page are unused, and the elimination of these functions would contribute to the reduction of the page size by 60%. Motivated by these findings, we propose Muzeel (which means eliminator in Arabic); a solution for eliminating JavaScript functions that are not used in a given web page (commonly referred to as dead code). Muzeel extracts all of the page event listeners upon page load, and emulates user interactions using a bot that triggers each of these events, in order to eliminate the dead code of functions that are not called by any of these events. Our evaluation results spanning several Android mobile phones and browsers show that Muzeel speeds up the page load by around 30% on low-end phones, and by 25% on high-end phones under 3G network. It also reduces the speed index (which is an important user experience metric) by 23% and 21% under the same network on low-end, and high-end phones, respectively. Additionally, Muzeel reduces the overall download size while maintaining the visual content and interactive functionality of the pages., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021

48. The case for model-driven interpretability of delay-based congestion control protocols

Author

Khan, Muhammad, Zaki, Yasir, Iyer, Shiva, Ahamd, Talal, Pötsch, Thomas, Chen, Jay, Sivaraman, Anirudh, and Subramanian, Lakshmi

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Analyzing and interpreting the exact behavior of new delay-based congestion control protocols with complex non-linear control loops is exceptionally difficult in highly variable networks such as cellular networks. This paper proposes a Model-Driven Interpretability (MDI) congestion control framework, which derives a model version of a delay-based protocol by simplifying a congestion control protocol's response into a guided random walk over a two-dimensional Markov model. We demonstrate the case for the MDI framework by using MDI to analyze and interpret the behavior of two delay-based protocols over cellular channels: Verus and Copa. Our results show a successful approximation of throughput and delay characteristics of the protocols' model versions across variable network conditions. The learned model of a protocol provides key insights into an algorithm's convergence properties.

Published
2021

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