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Chondrosarcoma (CS) is the rare, slowly growing, malignant neoplasm. CS of the sino nasal cavity is extremely rare. It is usually present with common symptoms like nasal obstruction and epistaxis. It rarely present with ocular symptoms. Histopathological examination is useful for confirmation of diagnosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy is indicated if the tumor involves the vital structures. Here we are reporting a case of recurrent chondrosarcoma. Patient is presented to our department with proptosis of left eye and nasal obstruction since two months. Combined with neurosurgeon bi frontal craniotomy with endoscopic excision of mass done. Post operatively patient received adjuvant radiotherapy. Patient is on regular follow up.

Metastases to the nose and paranasal sinuses are unusual. These tumors are commonly seen in the 4th to 6th decades of life. The clinical presentation may be analogous to that of primary sino-nasal tumors. They usually present with common nasal and ocular symptoms due to which diagnosis may be missed and delayed. Hence, high level of suspicion is necessary for patients with known malignancies presenting with inconsistent or repeated nasal and ocular symptoms. Otorhinolaryngologists should be familiar with these metastases to paranasal sinuses from unusual primary elsewhere in the body, to evaluate and manage these tumors. Retrospective data was collected from the hospital records from 2020-2023. A total 14 cases of sino-nasal malignancies were identified. On further analysis three cases were found to be having distant metastases from primary sites such as kidney, breast and lymph nodes. We are reporting three metastatic malignancies. Each was systematically evaluated, confirming their origin as metastases from other primary sites. They were then managed appropriately.

Pott’s puffy tumour is most frequently associated with bacterial infection but fungus causing Pott’s puffy tumour is very rare. A case series of three patients with Pott’s puffy tumour caused by fungi of different species like candida, aspergillus, mucor along with the clinical findings and management is presented here.

Neoplasms of paranasal sinuses account for 0.2-0.8% of all cancers and for 2-3% of head and neck cancers. Primary involvement of sphenoidal sinus is very rare and has been reported to occur only in 1-2% of all paranasal sinus tumors. Unlike neoplasms of other paranasal sinuses, tumors of sphenoid sinus most commonly cause headache, visual disturbances and cranial neuropathies. The most common histological types reported include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma. We describe a case of 17-years-old male who presented with headache and difficulty in eye movements. Magnetic resonance contrast study showed an enhancing mass in sphenoid sinus infiltrating to cavernous sinus. Endoscopic intranasal biopsy was done. The histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. He underwent chemoradiation. While undergoing treatment his vision got deteriorated. Follow-up Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracranial and intraorbital extension of disease. The purpose of presenting this case report is that very few cases are reported in the world literature so far of sphenoid malignancy in this age group.

Pemphigus is an uncommon condition of mucosal and dermatological manifestations. Isolated laryngeal pemphigus without skin lesions is extremely rare. Supraglottic lesions are common in laryngeal pemphigus. Laryngeal manifestations may vary from simple hoarseness, throat pain, dysphagia to severe edema causing airway obstruction. This may necessitate tracheostomy. Laryngeal pemphigus with stridor is an extremely rare presentation. A 57-year-old gentleman, presented to emergency room with stridor. To secure the air way an emergency tracheostomy was done, followed by direct laryngoscopy and biopsy under anesthesia. A suspicion of laryngeal malignancy was made clinically. But to our surprise histopathology revealed pemphigus. Dermatologist opinion was taken and the patient was treated accordingly. He had very good response and was decannulated. Patient was followed regularly.

Background: The present study aims to develop an Elementary Osmotic tablet (EOP) of Rivastigmine Hydrogen Tartrate (RHT). EOP consists of a core tablet suitably coated with a polymeric solution, and an orifice drilled on one side of the tablet. Materials and Methods: The influence of core variables, including sodium chloride (osmogen) concentration and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) concentration, have been investigated and optimized by factorial design. The effect of membrane (coating) variables, including polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) amount and percent coating weight gain have been studied. The rivastigmine release of the optimized system has been investigated in various dissolution media, at different stirring rates, at variable pH, and variable osmotic pressure. Results: It was observed that PEG 400 incorporated in the coating membrane improved drug release. The sodium chloride had a profoundly positive influence, and PVP K30 had a negative influence on the rivastigmine release. The finding reveals that the core tablet containing sodium chloride (50 mg) and PVP K30 (2.5 mg) coated with the solution containing 20% PEG 400 and 5% weight gain was optimized. Conclusion: The developed EOP provides the RHT release for up to 24 hr with improved bioavailability. The results instigated a controlled release of rivastigmine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]