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Most image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms based on sparse representation primarily focus on amplitude information, often overlooking the structural composition of images. However, structural composition is closely linked to perceived image quality, a connection that existing methods do not adequately address. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel distorted-image quality assessment algorithm based on a sparse structure and subjective perception (IQA-SSSP). This algorithm evaluates the quality of distorted images by measuring the sparse structure similarity between a reference and distorted images. The proposed method has several advantages. First, the sparse structure algorithm operates with reduced computational complexity, leading to faster processing speeds, which makes it suitable for practical applications. Additionally, it efficiently handles large-scale data, further enhancing the assessment process. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, showing that it achieves a high correlation with human visual perception, as reflected in both objective and subjective evaluations. Specifically, the algorithm yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.929 and a mean squared error of 8.003, demonstrating its robustness and efficiency. By addressing the limitations of existing IQA methods and introducing a more holistic approach, this paper offers new perspectives on IQA. The proposed algorithm not only provides reliable quality assessment results but also closely aligns with human visual experience, thereby enhancing both the objectivity and accuracy of image quality evaluations. This research offers significant theoretical support for the advancement of sparse representation in IQA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of social structure typically only change gradually and their connection to economic development seems to be indirect at best. Times of rapid socioeconomic transformations such as the transition of state-socialist economies to market economy or the disintegration of a common state might witness more notable changes. Using data from four rounds of the ISSP Social Inequality module, we model how people see their position and the structure of their society on the example of the two ex-Czechoslovak countries. Both post-communist societies share the beginning of the transition to a free market economy in 1989 but are divided by starkly contrasting impacts of the transition on their labor market. We show that views on social structure in the ex-Czechoslovak countries diverge over time with Slovaks more frequently describing their society as highly unequal and seeing their position as lower in the social structure. We find support for the assumption that experiences with unemployment lower subjective social position and can be used to explain lower positioning of respondents in the Slovak sample. With regard to views on social structure, we find no clear connection to unemployment experiences. The chronically high unemployment levels in Slovakia therefore do not explain the higher tendency of Slovaks to see their society as highly polarized. Contrary to subjective social position, views on the overall social structure are most likely shaped by factors beyond immediate personal experience with economic insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The impact of people's subjective perception on their acceptance of high-level autonomous vehicle (AV) were analyzed. • People concerned high-level AVs' usefulness for increasing traveling efficiency at most. • People's using attitude, perceived benefit and safety, and trust greatly affected their acceptance of high-level AVs. • Male and female have different preferences for the AVs on the self-driving function and attitude to social influence. The automated vehicles (AV) is an important driving force for intelligent transportation technologies. Previous studies have found significant influence of people's subjective perception on their acceptance of AVs, but how people's perception impose influence their acceptance has not reached consensus. This study reviewed published papers addressing this topic to provide some insights of this issue. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis method (PRISMA) is used to select qualified papers across major databases. The impacts of nine subjective perception factors on public acceptance of AVs revealed by the papers are reanalysed following a rigorous meta-analytic process. The results show that people's perceived usefulness of AVs and attitude toward using strongly affect their acceptance of AVs. The increase of perceived ease of use could slightly increase the acceptance. Lower perceived risk often leads to higher acceptance of AVs. Social influence hardly affects people accepting AVs. Males and females had different degrees of trust, perceived benefit and effort expectancy on AVs. Peoples from different countries perceived benefits and effort expectancy of AVs in their own ways. Based on paper reviewing results, some suggestions for survey design, data collection and analysis are proposed for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether athletes (ATHL) and non- athletes (NON-ATHL) individuals had similar accuracy in matching intended to actual force during ballistic (BAL) and tonic (TON) isometric contractions. In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were divided into ATHL (n D 20; 22.4 ± 2.3 yrs; 73.2 ± 15.7 kg; 1.76 ± 0.08 m) and NON-ATHL (nD20; 24.6 ± 2.4 yrs; 68.2 ± 15.0 kg; 1.73 ± 0.1 m) groups. The isometric quadriceps strength was measured with a load cell applied to a custom-built chair. For each condition, subjects performed at first three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) as reference. Then, subjects had to match three intended force intensities expressed in percentage of the MVIC (i.e., 25%, 50%, and 75%) without any external feedback. Subjects performed three trials for each force intensity. The accuracy (AC) was calculated as the absolute difference in percentage between the intended and the actual force. A Likert scale was administered for each trial to assess the subjective matching between the intended and the actual force. Statistical analysis showed that the ATHL group was more accurate (p<0:001) than the NON-ATHL group. In contrast, the AC (p<0:001) was lower when the force intensities increased independently from the group. Moreover, significantly higher AC (p < 0:001) and lower aggregate Likert scores (p < 0:001) were found in BAL than TON conditions. These results suggest that (i) sports practice could enhance muscle recruitment strategies by increasing the AC in the isometric task; (ii) differences between intended and actual force appeared to be intensity-dependent with lower AC at high force intensities; (iii) different control systems act in modulating BAL and TON contractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The shifting living and working conditions have profound impacts on the residents' mental health. However, current research in this field has not remarkable investigated. Methods: This study used the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) dataset from 2018 and relied on a regression model to examine the effects of the built environment, work environment, and subjective perception on the mental health of Chinese citizens. It also considers the circumstances of both migrants and local residents. Results: This study revealed significant correlations between mental health and greening space rate, road network density, commuting time, work feelings, community trust, economic satisfaction, and other factors. Additionally, the mental health of local residents was shown to be significantly affected by community security, while it shows no significance in migrants. Furthermore, a significant spatial autocorrelation was found in terms of mental health within the central and eastern regions of China. Discussion: The findings of this study offer valuable insights that can be used to facilitate measures aimed at improving the mental health of residents and promoting the development of healthy cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leopardi's philosophical questions are often approached in straightforwardly ontological terms, thus detracting from the distinctiveness of his theoretical struggle. This article argues instead that Leopardi's adherence to empirical reasoning and eighteenth-century French epistemology generates a productive tension in their development at an ontological level. Although certain concepts (illusion, pain, matter) show an ontological aspect early on, Leopardi continues to approach them from an epistemological perspective throughout his life. To explore this tension, the article examines Leopardi's engagement with the notion of error: from errore as distance, an epistemological mistake to be rectified by reason, to errare as difference, the ontological condition to which all living beings are destined. Paying attention to how Leopardi thinks, the article also aims to shed light on the function ascribed to poetry in 'La ginestra', in which he resorts to an epistemological corrective in order to move from subjective perception to ontological evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study analyzes the relationship between measures of occupational accidents and workers' perception of risk in the workplace using nationally representative data on workers' characteristics and a complete record of occupational accidents. Methods : Regression analyzes addressing both the ordinal nature of the dependent variable and causality were conducted to control for different sociodemographic factors influencing workers' perceptions of occupational risks. Special attention was paid to the risk level of the worker's workgroup, existence of family responsibilities, organizational safety culture, and measures of accident rates. Results : Individuals showed different perceptions of risk based on their personal and work characteristics. Significant associations were observed between each variable of interest and risk perception. Overall, the results remain robust across specifications addressing both simultaneity and ordinality. Conclusions : Employees' "reading" of hazards was not fully aligned with objective information on occupational accidents but depended on individual characteristics. Having family responsibilities or being unionized increased workers' risk perception, whereas belonging to a workgroup with higher accident rates reduced it. Practical applications : Knowing how workers perceive risk and how this perception deviates from statistical information on accidents are essential for management to accurately design safety measures. In this regard, specific characteristics such as age, having dependents in the family, or the typology of the workers' workgroup should be taken into account. Greater knowledge of preventive measures will improve the way workers perceive risk, and ultimately contribute to reducing the likelihood of occupational accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) is an indicator that uses numerical scales and verbal and/or visual descriptors and is used at a sports level to determine the intensities of physical exercise. The objetive of this study was to examine the relationships between the RPE among runners and various factors including age, gender, BMI, average heart rate (HRmean), maximum heart rate (HRmax), performance and sports habits. The ultimate goal was to advocate for the use of the CR-10 test as a means of monitoring effort levels in athletes. The study comprised a sample size 278 participants. The normal distribution of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare the variables. To verify the association between variables, Spearman's coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. In the PCA, three components were obtained that explain 57.4% of the variance; RPE is grouped with HRmax and HRmean, while age and volume of weekly training are grouped by the other. The performance variables (final time in race; r= -0.151, p<0.05) and physiological variables (HRmax; r= 0.223 p<0.05), show correlation with respect to RPE levels. There are also correlation between age/BMI, age/HRmax, HRmax/HRmean and final time in race/PA volume training. The results indicate that there were no significant differences in RPE levels between trained and untrained runners during the race, or between regular runners with different training volumes. It could be concluded that the use of the Borg CR10 scale could be used in sport as a useful instrument for establishing the degree of intensity of exercise during physical exertion, irrespective of level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——In the context of social and economic progress and increasing awareness of environmental protection, forest tourism has received more and more attention. Despite the rapid development of forest tourism in China, it still faces challenges such as personnel shortage, inadequate infrastructure and limited product diversity. Therefore, the participation of community residents is essential to promote the sustainable development of forest tourism. ⑵ Methods——The research data came from the research group’s questionnaire survey of the community residents in 8 towns around Wuyishan National Park from September 2022 to July 2023, and a total of 1002 valid questionnaires were obtained. Then, cloud model, heterogeneity analysis and qualitative comparative analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors and conditions of the community residents’ willingness to participate in the value co-creation of forest tourism. ⑶ Results——First, the community residents had a complicated cognition about forest tourism. They recognized the positive impact of forest tourism on the economic development of rural communities, but also expressed concerns about the possible negative ecological impacts, such as the destruction of traditional culture and the encroachment of farmland. Second, there was heterogeneity in the willingness of the community residents to participate in the value co-creation of forest tourism. In families with relatives and friends involved in forest tourism projects or with village cadres, the willingness of the community residents to participate was often significantly negatively affected. However, larger cultivated land area and housing area had significant, although relatively small, positive effects on the willingness of the community residents to participate in the value co-creation of forest tourism. Third, there were three driving paths for the community residents to participate in the value co-creation of forest tourism: the neighborhood relationship and education level played a core role; the neighborhood relationship and cultivated land area played the core role, and the education level played the auxiliary role; the education level and housing area played a core role. In these three driving paths, higher education level and good neighborhood relations were conducive to enhancing the willingness of community residents to participate in the value co-creation of forest tourism. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The development of forest tourism is a comprehensive plan, and it is very important to balance the positive and negative external effects of forest tourism. First, the government should limit excessive development through legislation and policy guidance, while protecting the ecological environment and traditional culture. The government should provide opportunities for education and training for the community residents to improve their literacy. Strengthen the publicity and education of forest tourism in order to enhance the understanding, recognition and support of the community residents for the value co-creation of forest tourism. Second, the community should actively participate in the planning and management of forest tourism, including project selection, design, operation and supervision, and ensure the broad participation of the community residents in the decision-making process. The community should be committed to establishing and maintaining good neighborhood relations, forming a supportive, mutual help and harmonious community atmosphere, so as to enhance community cohesion. Third, the community residents, as the direct participants and beneficiaries of forest tourism, should also actively participate in the planning and management of forest tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counter-intuitively, sociodemographic characteristics account for a small proportion of explained variance in parental burnout. The present study conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic asks whether (i) sociodemographic characteristics are more predictive of parental burnout than usual in a situation of lockdown, (ii) situational factors, that is, the specific restrictive living conditions inherent in the context of lockdown, predict parental burnout better than sociodemographic characteristics do, and (iii) the impact of both sociodemographic and situational factors is moderated or mediated by the parents' subjective perception of the impact that the health crisis has had on their parenting circumstances. Results show that, within the context of lockdown, both sociodemographic and situational factors explain a negligible proportion of variance in parental burnout. By contrast, parents' cognitive appraisals of their parenthood within the context of the health crisis were found to play both a crucial mediating and moderating role in the prediction of parental burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores entrepreneurial success among female entrepreneurs, a topic that is poorly investigated in the global South. After a literature review on the concept of women's entrepreneurial success and on the institutional, economic socio-cultural and familial context of Moroccan female entrepreneurs, results of a qualitative study involving female entrepreneurs based in urban areas, working across diverse industries, are described. Findings indicate that entrepreneurial success is defined by Moroccan female entrepreneurs through four different viewpoints: (1) entrepreneurial success through a company's financial standing, (2) self-assessed entrepreneurial achievements, (3) societal recognition of entrepreneurial success and (4) the evaluation of entrepreneurial success based on the benefits provided to others. The definition of entrepreneurial success is explored in line with the evolution of women's priorities and the evolution of Moroccan society. The findings and implications provide policy makers, practitioners and academics with a better understanding of female entrepreneurship and on how to enhance and support these entrepreneurs to increase economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether athletes (ATHL) and non-athletes (NON-ATHL) individuals had similar accuracy in matching intended to actual force during ballistic (BAL) and tonic (TON) isometric contractions. In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were divided into ATHL (n = 20; 22.4 ± 2.3 yrs; 73.2 ± 15.7 kg; 1.76 ± 0.08 m) and NON-ATHL (n = 20; 24.6 ± 2.4 yrs; 68.2 ± 15.0 kg; 1.73 ± 0.1 m) groups. The isometric quadriceps strength was measured with a load cell applied to a custom-built chair. For each condition, subjects performed at first three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) as reference. Then, subjects had to match three intended force intensities expressed in percentage of the MVIC (i.e., 25%, 50%, and 75%) without any external feedback. Subjects performed three trials for each force intensity. The accuracy (AC) was calculated as the absolute difference in percentage between the intended and the actual force. A Likert scale was administered for each trial to assess the subjective matching between the intended and the actual force. Statistical analysis showed that the ATHL group was more accurate (p

Virtual agents (computer-graphics-based agents) have been developed for many purposes such as supporting the social life, mental care, education, and entertainment of both young and old people individuals. Promoting affective communication between young/old users and agents requires clarifying subjective feelings induced by an agent's expressions. However, an emotional response model of agents to induce positive feelings has not been fully understood due to differences in emotion perception between young and old adults. We investigated subjective feelings induced when facing with a non-human computer-graphics-based agent's emotional responses in consideration of differences of emotion perception between young adults and old adults. To emphasize the differences in emotion perception, the agent's expressions were developed by adopting exaggerated human expressions. The differences in their emotion perception of happy, sadness, and angry between young and old participants were then identified through a preliminary experiment. Considering the differences in emotion perception, induced feelings when facing with the agent's expressions were analyzed from the three types of emotion sources of the participant, agent, and other, which was defined as subject and responsibility of induced emotion. The subjective feelings were evaluated using a subjective rating task with 139 young and 211 old participants. The response of the agent that most induced positive feelings was happy when participants felt happy, and that was sad when participants felt sad, regardless emotion sources in both young and old groups. The response that most induced positive feelings was sad when participants felt angry and emotion sources were participant and the agent, and that was angry when the emotion source was other. The emotion types of the response to induce most positive feelings were the same between the young and old participants, and the way to induce most positive feelings was not always to mimic the emotional expressions, which is a typical tendency of human responses. These findings suggest that a common agent response model can be developed for young and old people by combining an emotional mimicry model with a response model to induce positive feelings in users and promote natural and affective communication, considering age characteristics of emotion perception.

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conducting flight operations at the pace of air traffic relies on shift work, overtime work, work at night, work in different and numerous time zones, and unbalanced flight crew schedules. Such working hours and workload settings can cause disturbances of the circadian rhythm and sleep disorders among flight crew members; this can result in fatigue and can have an impact on the safety of flight operations. Fatigue impacts many cognitive abilities such as vigilance, memory, spatial orientation, learning, problem solving, and decision making. In aviation, fatigue has been identified as a hazard to the safety of flight operations. This paper describes objectivation methods for data collecting processes regarding flight crew fatigue, using an electronic system of standardized chronometric cognitive tests and subjective self-assessment surveys on the subjective perception of fatigue. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods to identify and quantify elements that affect the appearance of fatigue. Finally, causal modeling methods were used to determine correlations among the measured flight crew fatigue indicators, the subjective perception of fatigue, and the defined workload settings. The results of this research reveal which elements strongly impact flight crew fatigue. The detected correlations can help define improved measures for the mitigation of fatigue risk in future flight operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to obtain the most accurate result possible in the context of perceiving the appearance of a material translated into a digital image, it must be noted that this process is considered a multivariate one, requiring the evaluation of multiple probabilities. To establish and comprehend the evolution of the perceptual interpretation of textile materials' appearance in digital images, an analysis technique that involved direct interviews with subjects was employed. The interview experiment consisted of a set of visual tasks, using four evaluation probabilities (scenarios representing the protective textile material) asking the observers to answer a set of questions related to the visual tasks transposed on the screen, including in the latest stage the physical samples of the textile materials were also presented to confirm or disagree with the initial hypotheses analyzed from the perceptual point of view at the digital level. In order to gather concrete observations through data collection we have been using open discussions with observers. In this paper, a qualitative model of six protective material representation in digital format has been developed, such as the material compensation method which involves analysis of information and technical factors of representation, then as a last step compared with the appearance of the actual material. Following the data collection, a set of research conclusions describing the perception of the protective materials in digital format was derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soundscape is an essential component of urban forest landscapes, acoustic indices can be effectively used to monitor biodiversity, but whether they can be used for soundscape perception assessments needs to be further explored. In this study, soundscape recordings were collected in Beijing Eastern Suburban Forest Park, and acoustic indices were used to explore the relationship between the acoustic environment and soundscape perception, as well as the possible effects of temporal changes. To achieve this, audio recordings collected in spring and summer were divided, and a total of 90 audio segments were extracted from three time periods—morning, afternoon, and evening—to calculate the acoustic index and complete a questionnaire survey. The urban forest soundscape was evaluated according to the eight perceptual attribute quality indicators of ISO 12913, and generalized linear models were constructed to quantify the relationships between the acoustic indices and perception. The results showed that the temporal variation of the soundscape influenced the subjective evaluation, with the highest overall evaluation relating to the morning soundscape. The combination of acoustic indices explained the soundscape pleasantness (R2 = 0.58) better than the soundscape eventfulness (R2 = 0.54), demonstrating the utility of these indices in soundscape assessment. Linking acoustic indices to human perception generates innovative ideas and theoretical support for soundscape enhancement, contributing to a more pleasant acoustic environment and maximizing the social value of urban forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban spatial perception critically influences human behavior and emotional reactions, emphasizing the necessity of aligning urban spaces with human needs for enhanced urban living. However, functionality-based categorization of urban architecture is prone to biases, stemming from disparities between objective mapping and subjective perception. These biases can result in urban planning and designs that fail to cater adequately to the needs and preferences of city residents, negatively impacting their quality of life and the city's overall functionality. This research scrutinizes the perceptual biases and disparities in architectural function distribution within urban spaces, with a particular focus on Shanghai's central urban district. The study employs machine learning to clarify these biases within urban spatial perception research, utilizing a tripartite methodology: objective mapping, subjective perception analysis, and perception deviation assessment. The study revealed significant discrepancies in the distribution centroids between commercial buildings and residential or public buildings. This result illuminates the spatial organization characteristics of urban architectural functions, serving as a valuable reference for urban planning and development. Furthermore, it uncovers the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources and techniques in interpreting urban spatial perception, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. Our findings underscore the need for urban planning strategies that align with human perceptual needs, thereby enhancing the quality of the urban environment and fostering a more habitable and sustainable urban space. The study's implications suggest that a deeper understanding of perceptual needs can optimize architectural function distribution, enhancing the urban environment's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

House prices have long been closely related to the built environment of cities, yet whether the subjective perception (SP) of these environments has a differing effect on prices at multiple urban scales is unclear. This study sheds light on the impact of people's SP of the urban environment on house prices in a multi-scale urban morphology analysis. We trained a machine learning (ML) model to predict people's SP of the urban environment around properties across Greater London with survey response data from an online survey evaluating people's SP of street view image (SVI) and linked this to house price data. This information was used to construct a hedonic price model (HPM) and to evaluate the association between SP and house price data in a series of linear regression models controlling location information and urban morphological characteristics such as street network centralities at multiple urban scales, quantified using space syntax (SS) methods. The findings show that SP influences house prices, but this influence differs depending on the urban scale of analysis. Particularly, a sense of 'enclosure' and 'comfort' are important factors influencing house price variation. This study contributes by introducing SP of the urban environment as a new dimension into the traditional HPM and by exploring the economic impact of SP on the house price market at multiple urban scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing recognition of the importance of subjective definitions of successful aging from a clinical and policy perspective, and for their social and cultural relevance. However, the voices of older Indians remain largely underrepresented in the emerging body of qualitative literature on successful aging. Given this gap, and India's burgeoning older population, the present study set out to examine their subjective perception of successful aging. Using convenience sampling, data was collected from older men and women (N = 63, M Age = 71.21) living in the community, and in old age homes in Delhi NCR, through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in four primary themes and eight sub-themes - Successful Aging as Personal Well-being, Tensions between Agency and Fatalism, comprising three sub-themes viz. the person as an active agent, co-existence of agency and fatalism, and negotiating with the invisible powers; Linked Lives comprising two sub-themes viz. the aging parent and the adult child, and spousal interrelationship; and The Social and Built Environment comprising three sub-themes, viz. complexity of social life: the health interface, social life in the neighborhood, and the good house. These findings provide a culture-specific view of successful aging in the Indian context, and reveals the multifaceted conceptualization of successful aging of older Indians - one that encompasses various biopsychosocial components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean young adults’ perceptions about the formation process of North and South Korean unified women’s ice hockey team for 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games in South Korea. Q-method was used to analyze perceptions about the formation process of the unified ice hockey team. Q-statements were distributed to 42 people in their 20s and 30s in Seoul, South Korea. Distribution of Q-statements was analyzed using Qunal program. We found three types of perception: 1) athletic sacrifice forcing type, a recognition that the formation process of the unified ice hockey team was used for political purpose and a promotional tool for the Olympic Games; 2) inter-Korean exchange development type, a conception that the unified ice hockey team positively contributed to the promotion of exchange of North and South Korea, economic cooperation, peace, and harmony; and 3) political purposes pursuit type, a perception that the formation of the unified ice hockey team was primarily used to achieve political and diplomatic goals and that the media mainly conveyed positive aspect of the unified team for this purpose. The use of sports for political and diplomatic purpose is likely to increase in the future. Perception types among Korean adults in their 20s and 30s are likely to be mixed in the future. Therefore, it is important to promote consensus among Koreans regarding the formation of a South and North Korean unified team in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become an integral part of our daily reality. However, psychological studies of the interaction between humans and computer systems remain very one-sided, covering mainly the “problem” side – threats, addictions, destruction of natural communication. The interaction of people with IT will continue developing, and the demand for information about the contact of the mind with technology will increase as this contact becomes more complicated. Theoretical analysis. Based on the image of AI in mind of young people as 'the most useful and the most dangerous', we set the goal to study whether there are links between subjectively perceived danger from AI, personal anxiety and openness to experience. Empirical analysis. The hypothesis was tested using a quasi-experiment. Data collected using author's questionnaire and two psychological scales. The sample was 83 students. As a result, we obtained a positive weak significant relationship between subjectively perceived danger from IT and general anxiety (r = 0.32, p less than 0.005). To show no relationship between subjectively perceived danger and openness to experience (r = 0.22, p less than 0.25). Conclusion. The results suggest that anxiety about AI threats is more common in people with high overall anxiety, but not with low openness to experience.

Purpose: To compare the plaque-removal efficacy of ultra-soft singleheaded, triple-headed, and T-shaped toothbrushes and the subjective perceptions of users. Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 30 healthy adult participants were randomly divided into three groups of 10, who tested the three types of toothbrushes in differing order, with a 1-week washout period between the tests. Dental plaque scores were recorded before and after toothbrushing, and questionnaires on subjective perceptions after toothbrushing were collected. Results: The participants included 16 female participants and 14 male participants (average age: 29.4 ± 6.7 years). All three toothbrush types were effective in reducing dental plaque by 36-46%; however, the cleaning effect of the ultra-soft single-headed toothbrush was inferior to that of the triple-headed and T-shaped toothbrushes, the difference being statistically significant. The users’ subjective perceptions suggested that the ultrasoft single-headed toothbrush was significantly superior to the other two toothbrush types. Plaque scores for the lower posterior tooth surfaces were higher than those for the upper posterior tooth surfaces, particularly on the left side, for both the ultra-soft single-headed and T-shaped toothbrushes. Conclusion: Healthcare practitioners should identify the type of toothbrush bristles used by individuals and provide appropriate oral health information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise exposure is becoming extremely common in urban area, but its specific impact on sleep remains controversial. Considering the limitations of previous researches, a field study which can conduct both horizontal and longitudinal analysis was designed. Urban participants were tested during two weeks in their homes, and the noise level of bedroom was artificially regulated by changing the status of window and door. During the 1050 test nights in 75 households, noise exposure was reflected from both instrument monitoring at night and perception questionnaire in the morning, and sleep quality was accessed from actigraphy and questionnaire. The analysis results showed that, 92.3% of the bedroom acoustic environment did not meet the minimum requirements of Chinese standards, and 87.9% of subjects had ever experienced harmful noise during the test period. Furthermore, sleep quality was affected by noise exposure from the perspective of both physiological and psychological; the duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly (p < 0.05) shortened with the increase of sound intensity, the duration of deep sleep shortened and subjective sleep quality worsened significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase of acoustic sensation vote. In addition, females were more sensitive to noise exposure and their subjective sleep quality was more likely to be influenced by emotions. This study has important implications for acoustic environment design of bedrooms in cities, and suggested more attention should be paid to the anxiety caused by noise exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of real-world cooperative behavior is essential for societal development. In real life, the surrounding social environment and past experiences often influence individuals’ assessment of their self-fitness. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a novel model that explores the effect of subjective human perceptions on the evolution of cooperation, combining temporal and spatial dimensions into individual fitness. In this model, strategy persistence is used as a proxy for the temporal dimension. Strategy popularity, on the other hand, is portrayed to characterize the subjective influence of the spatial dimension. The weight distribution between the temporal perception and the spatial perception can be controlled by the parameter α, and the intensity of the subjective perception can be regulated by the parameter β. Numerical experiments show that when spatial perception is fully considered, the system tends to reach a fully cooperative state via network reciprocity. Conversely, fully considering the temporal state allows some cooperators to maintain cooperative behavior even under more unfavorable conditions (i.e., larger temptation). Notably, an intermediate state α exists when both temporal and spatial perceptions are considered, resulting in a higher level of cooperation compared to α = 0 or 1. Micro-analysis of the evolution of cooperation in temporal or spatial perception has been investigated to reveal the mechanism of macroscopic phenomena. Additionally, the robustness of the mechanism is discussed by varying the intensity of subjective perception β and the upper limit of strategy age Amax. Similarly, we explore the validity of our work to different network structures, the different numbers of agents, and the real social network. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the impact of individual subjective factors, such as temporal-spatial perception, on the evolution of cooperation in society.

Purpose: Satisfaction with the nasal appearance is a crucial outcome parameter in functional rhinoplasty (fRPL). The visual analogue scale is a suitable instrument not only for the preoperative patient assessment, but also as a patient-reported outcome measure in fRPL. In this study, we analyzed whether a high discrepancy in the preoperative subjective perception of the nasal appearance between patients and other individuals predicts a lower level of satisfaction with the postoperative result and hence a worse outcome of fRPL. Methods: Standardized facial pictures of patients (n = 80) who underwent fRPL were taken preoperatively, 3 and 12 months postoperatively. In addition, patients were asked to complete the German version of the Utrecht Outcome Assessment Questionnaire in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty (D-OAR). The standardized facial pictures of the patients were presented to surgeons as well as to examiners without a medical background, and they were asked to evaluate the patients' nasal appearance using the visual analogue scale. Results: The external evaluation of patient's nasal appearance was 1.7 points higher in median than the patient's subjective perception (range −5.7–7.00). A large discrepancy between self- and external estimation significantly correlates with higher D-OAR values (r = 0.539, p < 0.001). Patients with high scores in the D-OAR trick questions, indicating a body dysmorphic disorder, show a significant larger discrepancy between the external- and the self-assessment (2.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, mean ± SEM, p = 0.017). Conclusions: Large discrepancies between the self and external assessment of the nasal appearance are associated with a high-perceived influence of the appearance of the nose on the quality of life in patients undergoing functional rhinoplasty. That might be an indicator for unrealistic expectations concerning the postoperative outcome. Knowledge about this factor helps to identify the need for intensive discussion about possibilities and limitations of the planned procedure to avoid postoperative dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive performance at low or high temperatures significantly affects personnel safety and work efficiency. However, few studies have focused on the human thermal response and cognitive performance in extreme hot environments. This study investigated the variations in human physiological response, subjective perception, and cognitive performance across a broad range of ambient temperatures. 32 healthy college-aged subjects experienced eight exposure conditions (20, 23, 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 48 °C) in a climate chamber. Cognitive tests, including the 2-back, Addition, Trail-making, and Stroop tests, were conducted, with response speed and accuracy used as performance indicators. Meanwhile, skin temperature, core temperature, and electrocardiogram were monitored, while thermal perception and NASA TLX scores were collected using questionnaires. The results indicate that the subjects' thermal sensation (from −2.7 ± 1.0 (cold) to 3.9 ± 0.4 (very hot)) and mean skin temperature (from 31.6 ± 0.8 °C to 37.8 ± 0.3 °C) gradually increased with ambient temperature. The quadratic regression fit for ECG parameters (such as heart rate) with air temperature changes was highly significant (R2 > 0.9). Relative cognitive performance exhibited a variation from 75 % to 100 %. Furthermore, relative cognitive performance was individually modelled alongside air temperature, thermal sensation, and mean skin temperature, and the fitting results all displayed inverted U curves. Comparisons of the three different factors on relative performance revealed that ambient temperature is the limited indicator, and suggesting skin temperature is the optimal measure for thermal cognitive reflection. This study offers valuable insights into physiological and subjective responses across diverse ambient temperatures, aiding in cognitive performance assessment. • Thermal responses and cognitive performance were measured at 20–48 °C. • Subjects' thermal sensation ranged from −2.7 ± 1.0 (cold) to 3.9 ± 0.4 (very hot). • Up to 25 % reduction in relative cognitive performance. • Relative cognitive performance was modelled using three different factors. • TSV and skin temperature are recommended for estimating cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting flight operations at the pace of air traffic relies on shift work, overtime work, work at night, work in different and numerous time zones, and unbalanced flight crew schedules. Such working hours and workload settings can cause disturbances of the circadian rhythm and sleep disorders among flight crew members; this can result in fatigue and can have an impact on the safety of flight operations. Fatigue impacts many cognitive abilities such as vigilance, memory, spatial orientation, learning, problem solving, and decision making. In aviation, fatigue has been identified as a hazard to the safety of flight operations. This paper describes objectivation methods for data collecting processes regarding flight crew fatigue, using an electronic system of standardized chronometric cognitive tests and subjective self-assessment surveys on the subjective perception of fatigue. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods to identify and quantify elements that affect the appearance of fatigue. Finally, causal modeling methods were used to determine correlations among the measured flight crew fatigue indicators, the subjective perception of fatigue, and the defined workload settings. The results of this research reveal which elements strongly impact flight crew fatigue. The detected correlations can help define improved measures for the mitigation of fatigue risk in future flight operations.

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Soundscape is an essential component of urban forest landscapes, acoustic indices can be effectively used to monitor biodiversity, but whether they can be used for soundscape perception assessments needs to be further explored. In this study, soundscape recordings were collected in Beijing Eastern Suburban Forest Park, and acoustic indices were used to explore the relationship between the acoustic environment and soundscape perception, as well as the possible effects of temporal changes. To achieve this, audio recordings collected in spring and summer were divided, and a total of 90 audio segments were extracted from three time periods—morning, afternoon, and evening—to calculate the acoustic index and complete a questionnaire survey. The urban forest soundscape was evaluated according to the eight perceptual attribute quality indicators of ISO 12913, and generalized linear models were constructed to quantify the relationships between the acoustic indices and perception. The results showed that the temporal variation of the soundscape influenced the subjective evaluation, with the highest overall evaluation relating to the morning soundscape. The combination of acoustic indices explained the soundscape pleasantness (R2 = 0.58) better than the soundscape eventfulness (R2 = 0.54), demonstrating the utility of these indices in soundscape assessment. Linking acoustic indices to human perception generates innovative ideas and theoretical support for soundscape enhancement, contributing to a more pleasant acoustic environment and maximizing the social value of urban forests.

Urban spatial perception critically influences human behavior and emotional reactions, emphasizing the necessity of aligning urban spaces with human needs for enhanced urban living. However, functionality-based categorization of urban architecture is prone to biases, stemming from disparities between objective mapping and subjective perception. These biases can result in urban planning and designs that fail to cater adequately to the needs and preferences of city residents, negatively impacting their quality of life and the city’s overall functionality. This research scrutinizes the perceptual biases and disparities in architectural function distribution within urban spaces, with a particular focus on Shanghai’s central urban district. The study employs machine learning to clarify these biases within urban spatial perception research, utilizing a tripartite methodology: objective mapping, subjective perception analysis, and perception deviation assessment. The study revealed significant discrepancies in the distribution centroids between commercial buildings and residential or public buildings. This result illuminates the spatial organization characteristics of urban architectural functions, serving as a valuable reference for urban planning and development. Furthermore, it uncovers the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources and techniques in interpreting urban spatial perception, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. Our findings underscore the need for urban planning strategies that align with human perceptual needs, thereby enhancing the quality of the urban environment and fostering a more habitable and sustainable urban space. The study’s implications suggest that a deeper understanding of perceptual needs can optimize architectural function distribution, enhancing the urban environment’s quality.

House prices have long been closely related to the built environment of cities, yet whether the subjective perception (SP) of these environments has a differing effect on prices at multiple urban scales is unclear. This study sheds light on the impact of people’s SP of the urban environment on house prices in a multi-scale urban morphology analysis. We trained a machine learning (ML) model to predict people’s SP of the urban environment around properties across Greater London with survey response data from an online survey evaluating people’s SP of street view image (SVI) and linked this to house price data. This information was used to construct a hedonic price model (HPM) and to evaluate the association between SP and house price data in a series of linear regression models controlling location information and urban morphological characteristics such as street network centralities at multiple urban scales, quantified using space syntax (SS) methods. The findings show that SP influences house prices, but this influence differs depending on the urban scale of analysis. Particularly, a sense of ‘enclosure’ and ‘comfort’ are important factors influencing house price variation. This study contributes by introducing SP of the urban environment as a new dimension into the traditional HPM and by exploring the economic impact of SP on the house price market at multiple urban scales.

The association between idiopathic Parkinson's disease, a paradigmatic dopamine-deficiency syndrome, and problems in the estimation of time has been studied experimentally for decades. I review that literature, which raises a question about whether and if dopamine deficiency relates not only to the motor slowness that is an objective and cardinal parkinsonian sign, but also to a compromised neural substrate for time perception. Why does a clinically (motorically) significant deficiency in dopamine play a role in the subjective perception of time's passage? After a discussion of a classical conception of basal ganglionic control of movement under the influence of dopamine, I describe recent work in healthy mice using optogenetics; the methodology visualizes dopaminergic neuronal firing in very short time intervals, then allows for correlation with motor behaviors in trained tasks. Moment-to-moment neuronal activity is both highly dynamic and variable, as assessed by photometry of genetically defined dopaminergic neurons. I use those animal data as context to review a large experimental experience in humans, spanning decades, that has examined subjective time perception mainly in Parkinson's disease, but also in other movement disorders. Although the human data are mixed in their findings, I argue that loss of dynamic variability in dopaminergic neuronal activity over very short intervals may be a fundamental sensory aspect in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism. An important implication is that therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease needs to be understood in terms of short-term alterations in dynamic neuronal firing, as has already been examined in novel ways--for example, in the study of real-time changes in neuronal network oscillations across very short time intervals. A finer analysis of a treatment's network effects might aid in any effort to augment clinical response to either medications or functional neurosurgical interventions in Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Vibroacoustic therapy (VAT) uses low-frequency sound, often combined with listening to music, for therapeutic purposes. However, the impact of low-frequency vibration (LFV) on physiological functions and subjective perception is relatively unknown. Methods: We conducted a randomized cross-over study with the aim of comparing the effect of constant LFV of 40 Hz, its amplitude modulation, and the placebo condition on heart rate variability (HRV), stress perception (measured by visual analogue scales for stress) and mood (measured by UWIST Mood Adjective Check List). Results: Research experiments with various interventions (constant LFV with sound of nature (river in forest), amplitude modulation of the same LFV with sounds of nature and sounds of nature without LFV) were realised involving 24 participants. It was found there was an effect on HRV, stress perception and mood after the interventions. However, there were only seldomly experienced, and mostly nonsignificant, differences between the intervention conditions, so the effects may be attributed to factors other than LFV. Conclusions: Large scale experimental studies are needed to verify the preliminary findings and to explore various coinciding factors that may have influenced the results of this study, e.g., type of autonomic nervous system. We propose that the effect of LFV exposure may differ when combined with listening to music, and this hypothesis should be investigated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a minimally invasive procedure, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) achieve desired therapeutic effect with minimal surgical intervention. The operation is relatively simple, and the effect of assisted orthodontic treatment is obvious. However, due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies, there is no unified consensus on the long-term stability of the procedure. This article reviews the research status of MOPs, biological and biomechanical mechanisms, clinical applications and limitations. MOPs can shorten orthodontic treatment time and accelerate tooth movement by exerting regional acceleratory phenomena (RAP). At the same time, this procedure will not damage the health of the periodontal tissue, and the postoperative bleeding and postoperative reaction are minor. In addition, the pain and discomfort of patients were relatively mild and acceptable. However, it also has limitations, mainly including the limited time of the RAP effect of MOPs. Although this procedure is a minimally invasive surgery, there is still a risk of treating regional bone defects. At present, it is still necessary to increase the sample size and extend the follow-up time to evaluate the long-term stability of MOPs.

The association between idiopathic Parkinson's disease, a paradigmatic dopamine-deficiency syndrome, and problems in the estimation of time has been studied experimentally for decades. I review that literature, which raises a question about whether and if dopamine deficiency relates not only to the motor slowness that is an objective and cardinal parkinsonian sign, but also to a compromised neural substrate for time perception. Why does a clinically (motorically) significant deficiency in dopamine play a role in the subjective perception of time's passage? After a discussion of a classical conception of basal ganglionic control of movement under the influence of dopamine, I describe recent work in healthy mice using optogenetics; the methodology visualizes dopaminergic neuronal firing in very short time intervals, then allows for correlation with motor behaviors in trained tasks. Moment-to-moment neuronal activity is both highly dynamic and variable, as assessed by photometry of genetically defined dopaminergic neurons. I use those animal data as context to review a large experimental experience in humans, spanning decades, that has examined subjective time perception mainly in Parkinson's disease, but also in other movement disorders. Although the human data are mixed in their findings, I argue that loss of dynamic variability in dopaminergic neuronal activity over very short intervals may be a fundamental sensory aspect in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism. An important implication is that therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease needs to be understood in terms of short-term alterations in dynamic neuronal firing, as has already been examined in novel ways—for example, in the study of real-time changes in neuronal network oscillations across very short time intervals. A finer analysis of a treatment's network effects might aid in any effort to augment clinical response to either medications or functional neurosurgical interventions in Parkinson's disease.

Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, in this study we provide an alternative explanation for the gap of life satisfaction between living-alone immigrants and Canadian-born older adults. Based on the Big-Five personality traits, we use the latent class analysis to generate two types of social dispositions, social independence and social dependence. With social dispositions taken into account, living alone contributes to life satisfaction in opposite ways for immigrant and Canadian-born older adults, by playing a negative role for the former group and a positive role for the latter. The trend of higher life satisfaction among the living-alone Canadian-born are mainly among the socially independent, whereas for immigrants, socially dependent older adults experience the lowest level of life satisfaction when living alone. Therefore, while socially independent Canadian-born older adults gain a “living-alone premium” in life satisfaction; their socially dependent immigrant counterparts experience a “living-alone penalty” in life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of the aging trend in China, construction and regeneration strategies for an aging-friendly built environment are becoming common, led by urban governments, and public street spaces are the focus of these strategies. Exploring such planning and design strategies can help to improve the social welfare of the aging population and meet their diverse needs. Thus, this paper, through analyzing the determinants of the elderly's needs, examines the relationship between spatial perception and street form, using Shanghai, in China, as a case study. This study contributes to the current literature in two ways: first, it constitutes the first attempt to build a needs hierarchy for aging people in a Chinese developed city; second, our statistical analysis involves large-scale population surveys, which helps us to comprehensively and deeply understand the impact of detailed street forms on the elderly's various spatial perceptions. Our results indicate that the renovation of street space in different areas of cities can be improved by the control of street form, to meet the diverse needs of the local aging group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]