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AbstractFollowing efforts to diversify and decolonize University curricula, Oxford Brookes University student union reported that Black and BIPOC students wanted more diverse content. In response, the Library set up a group to embed Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion practices into collection development, teaching, and administrative and research support practices. Initiatives entailed book purchases of authors from historically marginalized backgrounds, curation of diversity reading lists, updating subject headings to reflect modern terminology, and promotion of Read & Publish agreements. Currently, we have been unsuccessful in determining if the requests of students for diverse content have been met. Further research would seek to explore this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Europeana digital library features cultural heritage collections from over 3,000 European institutions described in 37 languages. However, most textual metadata describe the records in a single language, the data providers' language. Improving Europeana's multilingual accessibility presents challenges due to the unique characteristics of cultural heritage metadata, often expressed in short phrases and using in-domain terminology. This work presents the EuropeanaTranslate project's approach and results, aimed at translating Europeana metadata records from 23 EU languages into English. Machine Translation engines were trained on a cleaned selection of bilingual and synthetic data from Europeana, including multilingual vocabularies and relevant cultural heritage repositories. Automatic translations were evaluated through standard metrics and human assessments by linguists and domain cultural heritage experts. The results showed significant improvements when compared to the generic engines used before the in-domain training as well as the eTranslation service for most languages. The EuropeanaTranslate engines have translated over 29 million metadata records on Europeana.eu. Additionally, the MT engines and training datasets are publicly available via the European Language Grid Catalogue and the ELRC-SHARE repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to describe the evolution of the available subject heading list, i.e. the CC Soggettario (Carabinieri Corps Soggettario), towards a thesaurus, that is CCThes (Carabinieri Corps Thesaurus), to support subject indexing and retrieval of the documentary heritage held by the Historical Office of the General Command of the Carabinieri Corps. This work follows the need to implement a controlled vocabulary compliant with the state-of-the-art standards. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology implements the practice of reengineering available vocabularies, following standardised guidelines for thesaurus development. The conversion process includes the balance maintenance of what has been achieved in the CC Soggettario and the enrichment of the semantic structure in the thesaurus by using both deductive and inductive methods. Findings: The main result of this study is a thesaurus compliant with ISO 29964-1:2011 recommendations, which improves information retrieval performances and interoperability with other vocabularies and applications. It generally has a mono-hierarchical structure with the possibility of admitting, as an exception, the poly-hierarchy for a few concepts. An introductive user guide has been created as a complementary tool to the CCThes. Originality/value: This is an applied study which deals with Knowledge Organisation System (KOS) reengineering and outlines this process using a pragmatic approach. The paper strength lies in providing the description of performed activities and conveying a set of resources to approach KOS reengineering practice. The study is also relevant for the preservation and diffusion of a part of the social memory and identity of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment are particularly susceptible to facing restrictions in their participation. This study aims to investigate (a) which contextual factors within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are relevant for participation from the perspective of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices, and (b) how these contextual factors shape the subjective facets of participation, including a sense of connection, efficacy and meaning, based on the social identity approach to health and well‐being. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis on data gathered from four online focus group interviews, each involving four to six people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices (totalling N = 19), and 12 individual online interviews conducted with participants from the focus group interviews. The analysis followed the qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. Results: Mobility assistive devices such as walkers, manual wheelchairs and electric wheelchairs/scooters were seen as facilitators that enabled participation in various life situations and enhanced a sense of efficacy by promoting independence. Challenges were encountered in relation to architectural barriers, pathways, weather conditions, public transportation and the lack of integral accessibility to services and systems. Although instrumental support could ease participation, it was also associated with an impaired sense of efficacy. Attitudes, particularly developing an understanding of the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment from others' perspectives, were considered important but often lacking, and discriminatory attitudes were experienced. On the level of personal factors, acceptance of both the mobility assistive devices and the disease itself were seen as facilitators for maintaining involvement in life situations. Conclusions: This study extends the existing literature by shedding light on the interconnectedness of contextual factors within the ICF and various facets of perceived participation, including a sense of connection, efficacy and meaning. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders such as urban planners and policymakers in developing inclusive environments that enhance the overall quality of participation for people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment. Patient or Public Contribution: This study reports on the lived experiences of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices. The research team stood in close exchange with project members of the German Multiple Sclerosis Society Lower Saxony, a group representing the interests of people with multiple sclerosis, to design and conduct the focus group interviews. The results from the focus group interviews were the basis for the design of a participatory future workshop in which people with multiple sclerosis and stakeholders involved in the healthcare process collaboratively developed recommendations for improving the provision of mobility assistive devices. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register number: DRKS00025532. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: One major consequence of lung transplantation is the development of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This systematic review aims to appraise and synthesize the available evidence of the use of instrumental assessments to outline the characteristics of post‐lung transplant dysphagia. Methods: Following the identification of appropriate search terms for the question, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Health and Medical Collection of Proquest Research Library and included records between inception and September 14, 2023. Search strategies included the use of text words and subject headings (e.g., MeSH and Index terms) related to (1) dysphagia or swallowing (swallow*, deglutition disorder*), (2) lung transplant (lung transplant*, post‐operative, post‐lung), and (3) complications (adverse effects, *complications, treatment outcome). Results: The literature search strategy yielded a total of 883 studies from the electronic database search, with no additional records identified through other sources. After the removal of duplicates (n = 96), a total of 787 studies were screened through title and abstracts which eliminated 775 studies. Six studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. The selected articles included patients who underwent lung transplantation and all but one study utilized a retrospective design. A lack of transparency regarding instrumental evaluation protocols (videofluoroscopic [VFSS] and Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing [FEES]) including the number and bolus types used during the instrumental evaluations appeared as a theme in the studies included. The Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) was systematically utilized to measure dysphagia safety outcome. Handling of the PAS scale was not consistent across studies, however penetration or aspiration ranged from 52.4% up to 100%. Additionally, silent aspiration rates ranged from 14.2% to 61.9%. Conclusions: This review sought to describe the post‐operative swallowing function and its physiological parameters following lung transplantation. We examined the results reported and the methods utilized in obtaining these results in the existing literature. Limited reporting practices for physiological parameters were found, however the airway invasion was reported in all studies with variation in degrees of swallowing safety related deficits, with PAS being the most widely used scale to describe airway invasion depth and response. Future studies exploring dysphagia outcomes post‐lung transplant should comment on the altered physiological mechanisms of the swallow to further expand on the physiological deficits observed following transplantation in this group and allow for treatment planning. Level of evidence: Level 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders such as cervicogenic headaches present with suboccipital muscle hypertonicity and trigger points. One manual therapy intervention commonly used to target the suboccipital muscles is the suboccipital release technique, previously related to positive systemic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate and short-term effects of the Suboccipital Release Technique (SRT) on brainwave activity in a subgroup of healthy individuals. Methods: Data were collected from 37 subjects (20 females and 17 males, with a mean age of 24.5). While supine, the subjects underwent a head hold followed by suboccipital release. A total of four 15 s electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements were taken and a Global Rating of Change Scale was used to assess self-perception. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005) in various band waves under the following electrodes: AF3, F7, F3, FC5, T7, P7, O1, O2, P8, T8, and FC6. An 8-point range in the Global Rating of Change Scores with a mean score of 1.649 (SD = 1.719 and SE = 0.283) supported the hypothesis of a self-perceived benefit from the intervention. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the suboccipital release technique significantly affects brain wave activity throughout different brain regions. This change is likely not the result of any placebo effect and correlates highly with the subject's self-perception of a change following the intervention. These findings support the clinical use of the suboccipital release technique when a centralized effect is desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors describe the best practices for journal accessibility and recognize that there is a tension between best practice and the options available from individual journal publishing platforms. Topics include accessibility guidelines that help prospective portal authors address common accessibility features in manuscript submissions, common accessibility needs within scholarly works, and accessibility guidelines and the editorial process.

This study compares the overlap among author-furnished keywords, Library of Congress Subject Headings and a consolidated controlled vocabulary for articles published in Annals of Library & Information Studies, published by NISCAIR from 2018 to 2023, India. The study focuses on the effectiveness of controlled vocabulary for keyword generation. The work is intended to contribute to the literature on author keywords versus keyword standardization in measuring information retrieval efficacy in real-time. The aggregated controlled vocabulary constructed for this study provided a positive result, showing the usefulness and requirements of such a robust controlled vocabulary. The study reflects the extended views of thesauri for a standard author keyword suggester or recommender system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a significant public health issue associated with various chronic diseases. Research has indicated that chia seeds have the potential to improve cardiometabolic health. However, due to the diversity of research and inconsistencies in study design, further investigation is needed to fully understand their clinical effects on overweight individuals. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the available evidence on the effects of chia seeds on cardiometabolic indices in overweight populations through a meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases from their inception until 01-03-2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of chia on cardiometabolic indices in overweight subjects. The search strategy incorporated both Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Following the screening, ten RCTs were finally included. The data, including subject characteristics, study design, and changes in serum biomarkers, were extracted and analyzed using Stata software version 18. Results: The meta-analysis results reveal that chia supplementation no significant changes in lipid profile, including triglycerides (TG) (MD: − 5.80 mg/dL, p = 0.47), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: − 0.29 mg/dL, p = 0.95), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD: 1.53 mg/dL, p = 0.33), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: 0.63 mg/dL, p = 0.88). Similarity fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD: − 0.03 mg/dL, p = 0.98), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: − 0.13%, p = 0.13), and insulin levels (MD: 0.45 µIU/mL, p = 0.78). However, chia seed supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: − 1.18 mg/L, p < 0.0001), but no significant changes were observed in interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: − 0.15, p = 0.70) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (MD: 0.03, p = 0.91). There was no significant effect on body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.1 kg/m2, p = 0.91), but a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC) (MD: − 2.82 cm, p < 0.001) was noted. Additionally, chia seed supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (BP) (MD: − 3.27 mmHg, p = 0.03), though diastolic BP changes were non-significant (MD: − 2.69 mmHg, p = 0.09). The studies showed low to moderate heterogeneity in outcome measures, with I2 < 50%. Conclusion: Chia seed supplementation does not significantly impact most lipid profile parameters and glycemic markers. However, it shows potential benefits in reducing WC, BP, and CRP. While chia seeds can be a valuable addition to cardiometabolic health management, they should be part of a broader health strategy that includes a balanced diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications for optimal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Algorithmic decision-making (ADM) utilises algorithms to collect and process data and develop models to make or support decisions. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of support systems that can be superior to medical professionals without AI support in certain tasks. However, whether patients can benefit from this remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence on patient-relevant benefits and harms, such as improved survival rates and reduced treatment-related complications, when healthcare professionals use ADM systems (developed using or working with AI) compared to healthcare professionals without AI-related ADM (standard care)—regardless of the clinical issues. Methods: Following the PRISMA statement, MEDLINE and PubMed (via PubMed), Embase (via Elsevier) and IEEE Xplore will be searched using English free text terms in title/abstract, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Embase Subject Headings (Emtree fields). Additional studies will be identified by contacting authors of included studies and through reference lists of included studies. Grey literature searches will be conducted in Google Scholar. Risk of bias will be assessed by using Cochrane's RoB 2 for randomised trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomised trials. Transparent reporting of the included studies will be assessed using the CONSORT-AI extension statement. Two researchers will screen, assess and extract from the studies independently, with a third in case of conflicts that cannot be resolved by discussion. Discussion: It is expected that there will be a substantial shortage of suitable studies that compare healthcare professionals with and without ADM systems concerning patient-relevant endpoints. This can be attributed to the prioritisation of technical quality criteria and, in some cases, clinical parameters over patient-relevant endpoints in the development of study designs. Furthermore, it is anticipated that a significant portion of the identified studies will exhibit relatively poor methodological quality and provide only limited generalisable results. Systematic review registration: This study is registered within PROSPERO (CRD42023412156). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a new characterization of the Null Subject Parameter (NSP). I contend that the NSP must be modeled referring to two main properties of the Agree/agreement systems: (i) presence/absence of abstract Agree, and (ii) presence/absence of agreement dissociation at PF. The first property results in the division between radical argument ellipsis languages of the Japanese type and consistent null subject languages of the Spanish type, including languages like Central Trentino, i.e., languages with some obligatory clitic subjects but with rich agreement and free inversion. The second property results in the division between consistent null subject languages and consistent non-null subject ones. The agreement dissociation hypothesis also accounts for the partial null subject type, which characterizes languages like Brazilian Portuguese that have impoverished agreement expansion at PF (perhaps, only for number features). From a theoretical point of view, this study focuses on the agreement dissociation property showing why abstract Agree cannot guarantee subject ellipsis even in those perplexing cases in which it produces enough agreement distinctions at PF. The reason is that only an expanded agreement morpheme adjoined to the T0 node can serve as a licit antecedent for ellipsis of a subject D0 head at PF. Therefore, the theory derives the bimorphemic principle in Koeneman and Zeijlstra (Koeneman, Olaf & Hedde Zeijlstra. 2021. Pro-drop and the morphological structure of inflection. Ms. Available at: https://www.heddezeijlstra.org/bio) without further ado, i.e., the observation that null subject properties correlate with a bimorphemic T0 node expressing tense and agreement separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Efficient match pair selection and image feature matching directly affect the efficiency of structure from motion (SfM) -based 3D reconstruction for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. This paper combines the inverted and direct index structure of the vocabulary tree to achieve the speedup of match pair selection and feature matching for UAV images. Methods: First, for match pair selection, vocabulary tree-based image retrieval has been the commonly used technique. However, it depends on the fixed number or fixed ratio threshold for match pair selection, which may cause many redundant match pairs. An adaptive vocabulary tree-based retrieval algorithm is designed for match pair selection by using the word-image index structure and the spatial distribution of similarity scores, and it can avoid the drawback of depending on fixed thresholds. Second, for feature matching, the nearest neighbor searching method attempts to compute the Euclidean distance exhaustively between two sets of feature descriptors, which causes high computational costs and generates high outlier ratios. Thus, a guided feature matching (GFM) algorithm is presented which casts the explicit closest descriptor searching as the direct assignment by using the image-word index structure of the vocabulary tree. Combining the match pair selection and GFM algorithm, an integrated workflow is finally presented to achieve feature matching of both ordered and unordered UAV images with high precision and efficiency. Results: The proposed workflow is verified using four UAV datasets and compared comprehensively with classical nearest neighbor searching algorithms and commercial software packages. Conclusions: The experimental results verify that the proposed method can achieve efficient match pair selection and avoid the problem of retrieving too many or too few match pairs that are usually caused by traditional methods using fixed threshold or number strategies. Without the sacrifice of matching precision, the speedup ratio of direct assign based feature matching ranges from 156 to 228, and competitive accuracy is also obtained from 3D reconstruction compared with the nearest neighbor searching method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive imaging technique for directly measuring the external magnetic field generated from synchronously activated pyramidal neurons in the brain. The optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) is known for its less expensive, non-cryogenic, movable and user-friendly custom-design provides the potential for a change in functional neuroimaging based on MEG. Methods: An array of OPMs covering the opposite sides of a subject's head is placed inside a magnetically shielded room (MSR) and responses evoked from the auditory cortices are measured. Results: High signal-to-noise ratio auditory evoked response fields (AEFs) were detected by a wearable OPM-MEG system in a MSR, for which a flexible helmet was specially designed to minimize the sensor-to-head distance, along with a set of bi-planar coils developed for background field and gradient nulling. Neuronal current sources activated in AEF experiments were localized and the auditory cortices showed the highest activities. Performance of the hybrid optically pumped magnetometer-magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (OPM-MEG/EEG) system was also assessed. Conclusions: The multi-channel OPM-MEG system performs well in a custom built MSR equipped with bi-planar coils and detects human AEFs with a flexible helmet. Moreover, the similarities and differences of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and AEFs are discussed, while the operation of OPM-MEG sensors in conjunction with EEG electrodes provides an encouraging combination for the exploration of hybrid OPM-MEG/EEG systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Art & Interpretation / Sanat ve Yorum is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This guide outlines general issues in searching for studies; describes the main sources of potential studies; and discusses how to plan the search process, design, and carry out search strategies, manage references found during the search process and document and report the search process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Library of Congress (LOC) is an inherently political institution with immense reach. With 151.6 million visits and 520.3 million page views in 2022, its digital collections put the LOC's repository of materials in the hands of users around the world, informing the kinds of narratives we tell about our past for purposes of the present. While more accessible, these collections are not always appropriately or transparently contextualized, creating significant barriers to access and often perpetuating biased or offensive language and attitudes. This matter stems from principles of provenance and metadata schemas, standards that govern how context is preserved and made available. As scholars working with digital information and literacy argue, the ubiquity of attributing authority to web-based information makes nuanced, accurate, and accessible context for digital collections increasingly necessary. Shortcomings in contemporary provenance and metadata practice are even sharper in the case of image and graphic narrative collections since prevailing descriptive standards were not designed with visual content in mind. These intersecting and at times contradictory concerns demonstrate both the complicated tension between provenance's failures and its apparent necessity, and the ways it continues to affect applications of metadata. Exemplifying these complexities, we discuss two LOC case studies: the Webcomics Web Archive and Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs. Illustrating the constraints of provenance and its circulation in metadata, these collections highlight the accessibility and equity issues that particularly impact visual materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusions Inpatients undergoing colonoscopy experience a higher‐than‐average rate of inadequate bowel preparation (compared to outpatients) leading to canceled procedures, increased stress on the patient, increased time in hospital, and increased cost to the healthcare system. The aim of this scoping review was to identify research surrounding inpatient bowel preparation and to identify modifiable and non‐modifiable factors that influence the adequacy of bowel preparation in hospitalized patients undergoing colonoscopy and establish areas where nursing interventions may help improve overall bowel preparation rates.An initial search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase was undertaken to identify seed articles, followed by a structured search using keywords and subject headings. Studies conducted between 2000 and 2022 and published in English were included. A total of 37 full‐text studies were screened for inclusion, with 22 meeting inclusion criteria.Advanced age, decreased mobility, constipation, extended length of stay, and multiple comorbidities were identified as non‐modifiable factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation. Narcotic use, failure to follow preparation instruction, and delayed time to colonoscopy were identified as modifiable factors associated with poor bowel preparation.Educational interventions and interprofessional programs, using a multifaceted approach, increase the odds of adequate bowel preparation, including nursing tip sheets, troubleshooting flowsheets, and bowel movement assessment scoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many bibliographic databases describe the content of a publication using a thesaurus. The vocabularies vary and the extent to which the databases apply them may also differ significantly. The aim of this study is to empirically explore the number of subject headings assigned to publications in two databases over time and to determine if publication characteristics are associated with the number of subject headings. Articles and reviews in MEDLINE and Embase from 1990 to 2019 assigned with one of the subject headings from six subject areas are included in this study. Each of the retrieved publications in Embase is matched with a similar publication in MEDLINE. Furthermore, multivariable linear regressions are used to explore the association of the number of subject headings in MEDLINE and Embase with six prespecified publication characteristics. The average number of assigned subject headings in MEDLINE is stable or even slightly decreasing over time. In Embase, the average number of assigned subject headings was stable until about 2000 where the average number increased dramatically during the next 3 years. Furthermore, linear regressions show that the average number of subject headings in MEDLINE and Embase is higher for publications in English, publications with longer abstract, recent publications and if it belongs to specific subject areas. However, reviews are assigned with more subject headings in Embase and fewer in MEDLINE. The implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This case study explores the Arabic cataloguing procedures at the Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia Library (JKSM) and the challenges faced in organising Islamic legal resources. The study addresses key issues such as the adaptation of international cataloguing standards, inconsistencies in transliteration practices, and the lack of standardised subject headings for Arabic legal materials. Using a qualitative approach, the research gathers insights from library staff through a group interview, focusing on their experience with cataloguing procedures and the complexities of managing Arabic resources. The findings highlight significant obstacles, including transliteration inconsistencies, difficulties in Arabic input, and challenges in information retrieval. Moreover, the study underscores the need for localised classification systems like the IIUM Library Classification System for Knowledge Resources on Islam (ICSI) to better represent Islamic legal texts. The research concludes with recommendations for a phased integration of ICSI, staff training, pilot reclassification projects, and collaboration with other Islamic law libraries. These strategies aim to improve accessibility, standardisation, and the overall efficiency of cataloguing Arabic legal resources, contributing to the advancement of Islamic librarianship and supporting the broader goal of equitable access to legal information in Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the role of libraries in socio-political debates on the history of (German) colonialism and its effects up to the present. In particular, the collaboration of initiatives in the network Colonial Contexts, the work on vocabulary, and authority files as well as the handling of research data of indigenous origin are presented against the background of ethical-political questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional distinction between known item search and subject search is analyzed drawing on Robert Pagès’ distinction between particulars and specimens, the distinction between objects and their properties, Robert Fugmann’s distinction between individual concepts and general concepts, and the difference between referring and describing. The resulting analysis coincides with E. J. Lowe’s four category ontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Approximately 1% of the global population is affected by schizophrenia, a disorder marked by cognitive deficits, delusions, hallucinations, and language issues. It is associated with genetic, neurological, and environmental factors, and linked to dopaminergic hyperactivity and neurotransmitter imbalances. Recent research reveals that patients exhibit significant language impairments, such as reduced verbal output and fluency. Advances in machine learning and natural language processing show potential for early diagnosis and personalized treatments, but additional research is required for the practical application and interpretation of such technology. The objective of this study is to explore the applications of natural language processing in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. (2) Methods: A scoping review was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. The search strategy utilized a combination of text words and subject headings, focusing on schizophrenia and natural language processing. Systematically extracted information included authors, population, primary uses of the natural language processing algorithms, main outcomes, and limitations. The quality of the identified studies was assessed. (3) Results: A total of 516 eligible articles were identified, from which 478 studies were excluded based on the first analysis of titles and abstracts. Of the remaining 38 studies, 18 were selected as part of this scoping review. The following six main uses of natural language processing were identified: diagnostic and predictive modeling, followed by specific linguistic phenomena, speech and communication analysis, social media and online content analysis, clinical and cognitive assessment, and linguistic feature analysis. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the main uses of natural language processing in the field of schizophrenia and the need for more studies to validate the effectiveness of natural language processing in diagnosing and treating schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sentence completion is associated with three distinct patterns of cortical oscillations in magnetoencephalography (MEG). • The semantic control network displays differential interhemispheric dynamics in its temporal component during this task. • Demonstrates the potential of MEG in preoperative language mapping and understanding language alterations in neurological disorders. To investigate cortical oscillations during a sentence completion task (SC) using magnetoencephalography (MEG), focusing on the semantic control network (SCN), its leftward asymmetry, and the effects of semantic control load. Twenty right-handed adults underwent MEG while performing SC, consisting of low cloze (LC: multiple responses) and high cloze (HC: single response) stimuli. Spectrotemporal power modulations as event-related synchronizations (ERS) and desynchronizations (ERD) were analyzed: first, at the whole-brain level; second, in key SCN regions, posterior middle/inferior temporal gyri (pMTG/ITG) and inferior frontal gyri (IFG), under different semantic control loads. Three cortical response patterns emerged: early (0–200 ms) theta-band occipital ERS; intermediate (200–700 ms) semantic network alpha/beta-band ERD; late (700–3000 ms) dorsal language stream alpha/beta/gamma-band ERD. Under high semantic control load (LC), pMTG/ITG showed prolonged left-sided engagement (ERD) and right-sided inhibition (ERS). Left IFG exhibited heightened late (2500–2550 ms) beta-band ERD with increased semantic control load (LC vs. HC). SC involves distinct cortical responses and depends on the left IFG and asymmetric engagement of the pMTG/ITG for semantic control. Future use of SC in neuromagnetic preoperative language mapping and for understanding the pathophysiology of language disorders in neurological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the importance of integrated search interfaces (ISI) in systematic reviews and examines the current guidelines on their use. ISI can help researchers determine the scope of their review topic and identify relevant search terms and subject headings. They can also assist in developing and documenting search strategies, as well as rapidly expanding searches to additional databases, registers, and gray literature. ISI can also be used for ongoing literature surveillance and the identification of retractions and errata. Limitations and challenges associated with the use of ISI in systematic reviews include; difficulties in translating search syntax between databases, limitations in the extensibility of controlled subject classifications, the need to select relevant databases, the commercialization of ISI hindering scientific reproducibility, challenges in maintaining the reproducibility of search strategies over time, and skills and knowledge deficits in the workforce. This article also discusses opportunities for vendors to enhance ISI to better support systematic review workflows. Features to improve ISI may include duplicate citation identification, cross-platform integration with citation management tools and screening platforms, transparency of search interface configuration, integration of bibliometrics and semantic mapping, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance search strategies. Advancements in Large Language Models in the realm of AI, along with APIs designed to incorporate these models into various software tools, have the capability to significantly enhance the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of systematic reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic enrichment techniques and tools based on knowledge organization systems (KOS) have an important role to play in supporting information discovery. This paper reports on work investigating and developing automatic indexing techniques (for final intellectual judgment) based on KOS. Within the UK, the OASIS online index of fieldwork events and their unpublished reports represent a major initiative to make archaeological fieldwork available to a wider public. OASIS is hosted by the Archaeology Data Service and is funded by Historic England and Historic Environment Scotland. A wide variety of organisations provide OASIS reports. Subject indexing is inconsistent and sometimes sparse, although use of standard KOS from the Forum on Information Standards in Heritage is encouraged. Results from a case study for an automatic (KOS-based) subject indexing recommendation system are reported. Findings include the need to extend the KOS entry vocabularies and the need for post-processing filters to prioritise subject indexing significant for the document in question. The paper reflects on the experience with future work in mind, including discussion of evaluation issues and positioning the approach within the context of previous work on subject indexing, automatic indexing for Name Authorities and Named Entity Recognition (NER). The techniques followed in the case study can be characterised as a hybrid approach. The purpose for which the indexing is applied is a key distinguishing feature. In this case, the purpose or indexing policy for OASIS goes beyond overall aboutness to request indexers to include significant objects or artefacts found during the project. Future work will investigate contextual patterns reflecting significance and incorporate those patterns in post-processing prioritisation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Search strategy Selection criteria Data collection and analysis Main results Conclusions Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global public health concern. However, reconstructive surgery remains unavailable in many countries.This scoping review, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) principles, explores indications, referral routes, eligibility, care pathways and clinical outcomes of reconstructive surgery for FGM.Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and subject headings were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and publicly available trial registers.Any primary experimental and quasi‐experimental study addressing reconstructive surgery for FGM, and its impact on women, published before June 2023.After removing duplicates from the search results, titles and abstracts were screened and data were extracted. Disagreements were resolved through panel discussion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram depicts the search results and inclusion process.A total of 40 studies were included. Multidisciplinary teams were involved in 40% (16/40) of the studies, and psychosexual counselling was offered in 37.5% (15/40) of studies. Clitoral reconstruction using Foldes’ technique was predominant (95%, 38/40). A total of 7274 women underwent some form of reconstruction. Post‐surgery improvement was reported in 94% of the cases (6858/7274). The complication rate was 3% (207/7722 women with reconstruction).Further research and clinical trials are needed. Although the outcomes suggest improved sexual function and quality of life post‐surgery, the evidence remains limited. Advocating surgical reconstruction for survivors of FGM is vital for addressing health disparities and potential cost‐effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental factors resulting from climate change and air pollution are risk factors for many chronic conditions including dementia. Although research has shown the impacts of air pollution in terms of cognitive status, less is known about the association between climate change and specific health-related outcomes of older people living with dementia. In response, we outline a scoping review protocol to systematically review the published literature regarding the evidence of climate change, including temperature and weather variability, on health-related quality of life, morbidity, mobility, falls, the utilization of health resources, and mortality among older adults living with dementia. This scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Electronic search (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) using relevant subject headings and synonyms for two concepts (older people with dementia, weather/ climate change). No publication date or other restrictions will be applied to the search strategy. No language restriction will be applied in order to understand the impact of non-English studies in the literature. Eligible studies must include older adults (65+years) with dementia living in the community and investigate the impacts of climate change and/or weather on their health-related quality of life, morbidity, mobility, falls, use of health resources and mortality. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and select those for a full-text review, perform these reviews, select articles for retention, and extract data from them in a standardized manner. This data will then be synthesized and interpreted. OSF registration: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YRFM8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common to see cases in which, when performing tasks in close vision in front of a digital screen, the posture or position of the head is not adequate, especially in young people; it is essential to have a correct posture of the head to avoid visual, muscular, or joint problems. Most of the current systems to control head inclination require an external part attached to the subject's head. The aim of this study is the validation of a procedure that, through a detection algorithm and eye tracking, can control the correct position of the head in real time when subjects are in front of a digital device. The system only needs a digital device with a CCD receiver and downloadable software through which we can detect the inclination of the head, indicating if a bad posture is adopted due to a visual problem or simply inadequate visual–postural habits, alerting us to the postural anomaly to correct it.The system was evaluated in subjects with disparate interpupillary distances, at different working distances in front of the digital device, and at each distance, different tilt angles were evaluated. The system evaluated favorably in different lighting environments, correctly detecting the subjects' pupils. The results showed that for most of the variables, particularly good absolute and relative reliability values were found when measuring head tilt with lower accuracy than most of the existing systems. The evaluated results have been positive, making it a considerably inexpensive and easily affordable system for all users. It is the first application capable of measuring the head tilt of the subject at their working or reading distance in real time by tracking their eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research-in-practice paper examines how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges are catalogued within Australian libraries. This paper will outline why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges are not folktales and will argue against the use of the Library of Congress Subject Heading Folklore. This paper will explore the ways in which the University of Queensland Library have developed a culturally nuanced and holistic approach to cataloguing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges that engages Indigenous ways of organising, accessing and using information. This paper highlights the need for more Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cataloguers and urges libraries to examine their own practices to build more accurate representations of the communities they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Library Systems are widely used in the Higher Education sector, through the use of Institutional Repositories (IRs), to collect, store, manage and make available scholarly research output produced by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This wide application of IRs is a direct response to the increase in scholarly research output produced. In order to facilitate discoverability of digital content in IRs, accurate, consistent and comprehensive association of descriptive metadata to digital objects during ingestion into IRs is crucial. However, due to human errors resulting from complex IR ingestion workflows, most digital content in IRs have incorrect and inconsistent descriptive metadata. While there exists a broad spectrum of descriptive metadata elements, subject headings present a classic example of a crucial metadata element that adversely affects discoverability of digital content when incorrectly and inconsistently specified. This paper outlines a case study conducted at an HEI—The University of Zambia—in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating controlled subject vocabularies during the ingestion of digital objects in to IRs. A situational analysis was conducted to understand how subject headings are associated with digital objects and to analyse subject headings associated with already ingested digital objects. In addition, an exploratory study was conducted to determine domain-specific subject headings to be integrated with the IR. Furthermore, a usability study was conducted in order to comparatively determine the usefulness of using controlled vocabularies during the ingestion of digital objects into IRs. Finally, multi-label classification experiments were carried out where digital objects were assigned with more than one class. The results of the study revealed that a noticeable number of digital content is associated with incorrect subject categories and, additionally, associated with few subjects headings: two or less subject headings (71.2 % ), with a significant number of subject headings (92.1 % ) being associated with a single publication. A comparative study conducted suggests that IRs integrated with controlled vocabularies are perceived to be more usable (SUS Score = 68.9) when compared with IRs without controlled vocabularies (SUS Score = 66.2). Furthermore, the effectiveness of the multi-label arXiv subjects classifier demonstrates the viability of integrating automated techniques for subject classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The library, once a silent repository of knowledge, is undergoing a digital metamorphosis. At the heart of this transformation is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Traditionally, cataloging and classifying books was a meticulous, labor-intensive task requiring deep subject knowledge and adherence to complex classification systems. However, the advent of AI is revolutionizing this process, promising greater efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. This research presents a pilot study on the potential use of AI for semi-automatic subject indexing, cataloging, and classification of books. Materials and Methods: To collect the data, first we searched for open access books in the Directory of Open Access Books and OAPEN (Online library of open access books). Four books in English were chosen for the current study. The book titles were searched in the Library of Congress Online Catalog to discover the subject headings, the Library of Congress Classification number and the Dewey Decimal Classification number assigned to each book, collecting the necessary information. Third, we searched for each book in ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini, using necessary prompts to collect the data. Results: The results indicate that the degree of cataloging and classification consistency is low. The cataloging and classification consistency are seen as the measure of the similarity of reaction of different machines and human beings processing the same book. Conclusion: By automating routine tasks, improving classification and cataloging accuracy, and enhancing metadata creation, AI is transforming the way libraries organize and share knowledge. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more exciting developments in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of appeal functions as a central tool in the practice of contemporary readers' advisory (RA). "Appeal terminology" has been used systematically to enhance plot descriptions and bibliographic records since Joyce Saricks and Nancy Brown first introduced the concept in 1989. However, despite its prevalence in RA education and service, appeal has been criticized for its lack of conceptual specificity; an important objection is that we cannot reliably distinguish appeal terms from subject headings and genre categories. In contrast, I believe that there is a defensible distinction between Saricks and Brown's original account of appeal and other bibliographic descriptors, one that licenses the former's privileged position in RA practice. To demonstrate this, I provide a rehabilitative account of the appeal/not-appeal distinction, which I understand as tracking the delineation between aesthetic and nonaesthetic features of literary works of art, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The skills of coping with stress and pressure within emergency medicine are conveyed informally and inconsistently throughout residency training. This study aims to identify key psychological competencies used by elite athletes in high-pressure situations, which can be integrated into a formal curriculum to support emergency medicine residents' performance in high acuity settings. Design: We conducted a scoping review spanning 20 years to identify the relevant psychological competencies used by elite athletes (Olympic or World level) to perform under pressure. We used controlled vocabulary to search within Medline, PsycInfo and SportDiscuss databases. A standardized charting method was used by the team of four authors to extract relevant data. Results: The scoping review identified 18 relevant articles, including 707 athletes from 49 different sports and 11 countries, 64 data items were extracted, and 6 main themes were identified. The main psychological competencies included the ability to sustain a high degree of motivation and confidence, to successfully regulate thoughts, emotions and arousal levels, and to maintain resilience in the face of adversity. Conclusion: We used the main psychological competencies identified from our scoping review to develop a hypothesis generated framework to guide the integration of performance psychology principles into future emergency medicine residency programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aetiology of mechanical bowel obstruction exhibits significant variability based on geographical location and age. In high-income countries, postoperative adhesions and hernias are frequently cited as the primary causes, whereas in low- and middle-income countries (LMCIs), hernias take precedence. Speculation exists within the surgical community regarding whether this trend has evolved in LMCIs. To address this knowledge gap, our study aims to conduct a systematic review of existing literature, focusing on understanding the most prevalent causes of mechanical bowel obstruction in both pediatric and adult populations within LMCIs, providing valuable insights for surgical practice. This protocol was designed and written according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015) statement. However, the results of the systematic review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. We will consider studies published in English and French between 2002 and 2022 that reported on the aetiology of mechanical bowel obstruction in any age group in low- and middle-income countries. We will conduct a literature search using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL on EBSCO and Web of Science databases employing relevant subject headings, keywords and synonyms, which will be combined using Boolean operators to refine the search results. A hand search of references of retrieved literature will be conducted. The retrieved articles will be imported into Zotero for de-duplication. The resulting set of titles and abstracts will be uploaded to Rayyan (an AI-assisted online systematic review tool), where they will be double-checked to identify articles eligible for inclusion. Two independent reviewers will screen articles to be included and disagreement will be resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer as a tie-breaker. Also, data extraction will be done by one reviewer and confirmed by another. Critical appraisal to assess the quality of the included studies will be carried out by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. We anticipate that the eligible studies will be quite heterogeneous in terms of their design, outcomes of interest, populations and comorbidities. Therefore, resmay be synthesised descriptively without meta-analysis using charts, graphs and tables. Where possible, we will conduct a sub-analysis using conceptual frameworks based on age, WHO regions and continents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although Huntington's disease (HD) is usually thought of as a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms, there is growing appreciation of HD as a systemic illness affecting the entire body. Objectives: This review aims to draw attention to these systemic non‐motor symptoms in HD. Methods: We identified relevant studies published in English by searching MEDLINE (from 1966 to September 2023), using the following subject headings: Huntington disease, autonomic, systemic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, sexual and cutaneous, and additional specific symptoms. Results: Data from 123 articles were critically reviewed with focus on systemic features associated with HD, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, sexual and sweating. Conclusion: This systematic review draws attention to a variety of systemic and autonomic co‐morbidities in patients with HD. Not all of them correlate with the severity of the primary HD symptoms or CAG repeats. More research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and treatment of systemic and autonomic dysfunction in HD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Reproducible diagnoses of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) remains challenging and has potential implications for patient management. This systematic review aimed to identify pathologist-specific factors associated with interobserver variation in the diagnosis and reporting of EH. Methods: Three electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science, were searched from 1st January 2000 to 25th March 2023, using relevant key words and subject headings. Eligible studies reported on pathologist-specific factors or working practices influencing interobserver variation in the diagnosis of EH, using either the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2014 or 2020 classification or the endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) classification system. Quality assessment was undertaken using the QUADAS-2 tool, and findings were narratively synthesised. Results: Eight studies were identified. Interobserver variation was shown to be significant even amongst specialist gynaecological pathologists in most studies. Few studies investigated pathologist-specific characteristics, but pathologists were shown to have different diagnostic styles, with some more likely to under-diagnose and others likely to over-diagnose EH. Some novel working practices were identified, such as grading the "degree" of nuclear atypia and the incorporation of objective methods of diagnosis such as semi-automated quantitative image analysis/deep learning models. Conclusions: This review highlighted the impact of pathologist-specific factors and working practices in the accurate diagnosis of EH, although few studies have been conducted. Further research is warranted in the development of more objective criteria that could improve reproducibility in EH diagnostic reporting, as well as determining the applicability of novel methods such as grading the degree of nuclear atypia in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personalised learning, an educational approach that tailors teaching and learning to individual needs and preferences, has gained attention in recent years, particularly in higher education. Advances in educational technology have facilitated the implementation of personalised learning in various contexts. Despite its potential benefits, the literature on personalised learning in health sciences higher education remains scattered and heterogeneous. This scoping review aims to identify and map the current literature on personalised learning in health sciences higher education and its definition, implementation strategies, benefits, and limitations. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Educational Research Complete, and Journal Storage (JSTOR), will be conducted to identify relevant articles. The search will be limited to articles published in the English language between 2000 and 2023. The search strategy will be designed and adapted for each database using a combination of keywords and subject headings related to personalised learning and health sciences higher education. Eligibility criteria will be applied to screen and select articles. Data extraction and quality assessment will be performed, and thematic synthesis will be used to analyse the extracted data. Discussion: The results of the scoping review will present a comprehensive and coherent overview of the literature on personalised learning in health sciences higher education. Key themes and topics related to personalised learning, its definitions, models, implementation strategies, benefits, and limitations, will be identified. The geographical and temporal distribution of research on personalised learning in health sciences higher education will also be described. This scoping review will provide a structured synthesis of the available evidence on personalised learning in health sciences higher education, highlighting potential gaps and areas for future research. The findings will contribute to ongoing scholarly and policy debates on personalised learning in higher education, informing the development of best practices, guidelines, and future research agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive summary of the different modalities available to measure soft tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Review Methods: A search was conducted using a list of medical subject headings and terms related to head and neck oncology, radiation fibrosis, and quantitative measurements, including bioimpedance, MRI, and ultrasound. Original research related to quantitative measurement of neck fibrosis post‐radiotherapy was included without time constraints, while reviews, case reports, non‐English texts, and inaccessible studies were excluded. Discrepancies during the review were resolved by discussing with the senior author until consensus was reached. Results: A total of 284 articles were identified and underwent title and abstract screening. Seventeen articles had met our criteria for full‐text review based on relevance, of which nine had met our inclusion criteria. Young's modulus (YM) and viscoelasticity measures have demonstrated efficacy in quantifying neck fibrosis, with fibrotic tissues displaying significantly higher YM values and altered viscoelastic properties such as increased stiffness rate‐sensitivity and prolonged stress‐relaxation post‐radiation. Intravoxel incoherent motion offers detailed insights into tissue changes by assessing the diffusion of water molecules and blood perfusion, thereby differentiating fibrosed from healthy tissues. Shear wave elastography has proven to be an effective technique for quantifying radiation‐induced fibrosis in the head and neck region by measuring shear wave velocity. Conclusion: There are various modalities to measure radiation‐induced fibrosis, each with its unique strengths and limitations. Providers should be aware of these implications and decide on methodologies based on their specific clinical workflow. Level of Evidence: Step 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Named entity recognition (NER) is a powerful computer system that utilizes various computing strategies to extract information from raw text input, since the early 1990s. With rapid advancement in AI and computing, NER models have gained significant attention and been serving as foundational tools across numerus professional domains to organize unstructured data for research and practical applications. This is particularly evident in the medical and healthcare fields, where NER models are essential in efficiently extract critical information from complex documents that are challenging for manual review. Despite its successes, NER present limitations in fully comprehending natural language nuances. However, the development of more advanced and user-friendly models promises to improve work experiences of professional users significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of indexing for "Appalachian Region"[Mesh]. Researchers performed a search in PubMed for articles published in 2019 using "Appalachian Region"[Mesh] or "Appalachia" or "Appalachian" in the title or abstract. Only 17.88% of the articles retrieved by the search were about Appalachia according to the ARC definition. Most articles retrieved appeared because they were indexed with state terms that were included as part of the mesh term. Database indexing and searching transparency is of growing importance as indexers rely increasingly on automated systems to catalog information and publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo is the property of Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo - Instituto de Salud Carlos III and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the current research is to identify and draw the existing relationships between the concepts in the field of children and young adults and the design of the ontology using knowledge representation tools. In this research, the conceptual design of the ontology was done using the Methontology method, and based on the steps of this methodology its taxonomy structure was adapted from Dewey’s Decimal Classification, and to extract the dictionary of words the entries of the ASKA thesaurus (Thesaurus of Kanoon-e Parvaresh-e Fekri Koodakan va Nojavanan) and children’s subject headings have been used. ISO 25964 standard was used in order to re-engineer the thesaurus and subject headings and turn them into the ontology. All thesaurus concepts and subject headings were considered as ontology classes and thesaurus terms as class labels. Definitions, domain notes, and other notes and information became descriptions. Hierarchical relations were considered as general hierarchical relations in ontology and were represented by subclass principle. Dependent relationships that indicate non-hierarchical relationships were defined by the researcher as semantic relationships between two concepts of ontology. The tool used for formalization, extracting the conceptual structure and coding and creating the ontology is Protégé software version 5.5.0. During the process of creating this ontology, the software outputs were evaluated by experts in the field. After identifying the basic concepts and the relationships between them, a conceptual structure was presented based on the findings of the previous two stages with an ontological approach. The results show that the ontology of children and young adults in thirteen main classes is formed and four types of Annotation Properties are used in it. This ontology includes 44 types of Object Properties and 20 types of data Properties and 305 examples. The formal and content validity of the conceptual structure of this ontology was confirmed by experts in the field of children and adolescents using the Delphi technique. In the ontology evaluation stage, in order to reject or confirm the authenticity of the work and the validity of the ontology, Felice’s Kappa coefficient was used, and because in the five components of the research, Felice’s kappa coefficient was almost a number close to 1, this indicates a greater agreement between the evaluators and shows that the ontology has good reliability. According to the findings of the research, it can be stated that children’s thesaurus and subject headings are suitable tools for collecting ontological concepts and terms. Also, the ontology of children and young adults can be one of the useful and efficient tools of knowledge representation in this field. This essential tool can be a basis for the expansion and development of future terms and concepts of this field, and by using this ontology in knowledge-based systems, it is possible to improve retrieval systems, automatic reasoning processes, designing intelligent systems and knowledge engineering in the field of children and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Documentación Científica is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

People with upper limb disabilities or high quadriplegia have extremely high requirements for the maneuverability and functionality of power wheelchairs. Normal wheelchairs cannot meet travel tasks, while smart customized wheelchairs are expensive and cannot be popularized. Therefore, a novel extension control instrument for power wheelchairs with low cost, strong scalability, and convenient usage is proposed, which can realize the control of the wheelchair by sensing a change of head posture. The device is divided into a head motion sensing unit (HMSU) and a wheelchair assistance control unit (WACU). The mapping relationship between the head attitude and the subject's motion intention is established. The inertial measurement module in the HMSU collects the head attitude data and uses the Kalman filtering method to obtain the accurate Euler angle. The WACU is fixed on the original controller of the wheelchair. The joystick is inserted into the extended control mechanism and controlled, instead of the hand, through a 2-degree-of-freedom servo system combined with the pinion and rack push rod structure, thus controlling the movement of the wheelchair. In proceeding, the system can also detect the distance of objects in the environment in real time through the three-direction (front, left, right) ultrasonic ranging sensors installed on the WACU, with a certain obstacle avoidance function. The prototype experiments prove that the extension control instrument developed in this paper based on the Kalman filter can quickly and accurately identify head motion and accurately control the movement of the wheelchair. It is easy to operate and has strong universality, which presents a new low-cost solution for the travel of patients with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]