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In the present investigation, gold NPs (Au-NPs) were synthesized via seed decoction of Nigella sativa, in which, the aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa acted as a reducing agent as well as coated on Au-NPs surface. Herein, an attempt was made to develop a rapid and biocompatible method to synthesize gold NPs by phytofabrication for anti-diabetic applications. The Nigella sativa seed extract and the Au-NPs synthesized using Nigella sativa exhibited a good antioxidant property, which was determined by the 2, 2- Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay. These Au-NPs exhibited 78 % of anti- diabetic property, which was confirmed by α- amylase method. The synthesized nanoparticle Au-NPs size was confirmed by using SEM and TEM. The functional groups (thymoqninone) present in the seed extract as well as Au-NPs were analysed by FTIR. The major functional group i.e. thymoquinone was confirmed by the anthraquinone test and it is responsible for the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anticancer properties of the Au-NPs. The phytochemical based nanoparticle prepared in this work showed efficient anti-diabetic activities and it can be considered for the medical applications. In addition, phytochemical based nanoparticle synthesis is safe, eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost effective.

In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.

Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial resistance wound pathogens which is a barrier for the wound regeneration rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of novel antimicrobial agents to target the wound pathogens and their biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the predominant antimicrobial agent for wound treatment due to their broad spectrum antimicrobial potential against various wound pathogens. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from aqueous Adenanthera pavonina seed extract. This extract plays as a reducing agent for reduction of silver nitrate to silver oxide nanoparticles. An absorption peak at 428 nm with characteristic feature of surface plasmon resonance was observed. The average size of AgNPs was found to be ~200 nm and cube in shape of AgNPs. FTIR data revealed the presence of phenolic groups that were responsible for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Face centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure was revealed from XRD relating to silver oxide (AgO) with good antibacterial potential. The antioxidant activity of extract increases when the concentration increases, and it can be used in the inhibition of free radicals at wound site. Antibacterial activities showed effective inhibition against various pathogens such as E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Sphingomonas, and Bacillus. Given this correspondence, the green synthesized AgNPs would be a potential antimicrobial agent for various wound treatments.

In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by the modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by the roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.

The electrochemical performance of dual layer immunosensor has been studied by employing reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) and its nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as supporting matrix for the detection of CA125. The immunosensor determination was based on the formation of antibody – antigen immunocomplex, a decrement in the current response was observed in accordance with the concentration of antigen. Better performance exhibited by rGO/CNF in terms of linearity (99%) and sensitivity 0.65 μA (μg mL−1)−1 can be attributed to its conductivity and surface area. The nanocomposite are employed in the detection of CA125 with linear working range of 10–32 × 10−4 μg mL−1, the limit of detection is found to be 0.28 pg mL−1 rGO nanocomposite with CNT (rGO/CNT) is studied as transducer material. rGO/CNT exhibited better linearity when compared to rGO due to its good conductivity. Thus, graphene nanocomposite transducer materials have vital application in detection of oncomarkers.