17 results on '"Subha, ST"'
Search Results
2. An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell.
- Author
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Tan WL, Subha ST, Mohtarrudin N, and Cheah YK
- Subjects
- Humans, Mitochondria metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, MicroRNAs metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly developed. Further insights into cancer metabolomics and gene-regulated mechanisms of mitochondria in CSCs can expedite the development of novel anticancer drugs. In cancer cells, the metabolism is reprogrammed from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. This alteration allows the cancer cell to receive continuous energy supplies and avoid apoptosis. The pyruvate obtained from glycolysis produces acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) via oxidative decarboxylation and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adenosine triphosphate generation. Mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca
2+ ) uptake is responsible for mitochondrial physiology regulation, and reduced uptake of Ca2+ inhibits apoptosis and enhances cell survival in cancer. There have been many discoveries of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) stimulating the metabolic alterations in mitochondria via gene regulation which promote cancer cell survival. These miRNAs are also found in CSCs where they regulate genes and activate different mechanisms to destroy the mitochondria and enhance CSCs survival. By targeting the miRNAs that induced mitochondrial destruction, the mitochondrial functions can be restored; thus, it triggers CSCs apoptosis and completely eliminates the CSCs. In general, this review article aims to address the associations between miRNAs with mitochondrial activities in cancer cells and cancer stem cells that support cancer cell survival and self-renewal., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The impact of multimodality integrated positron emission tomography-computed tomography on improving the staging and management of head and neck malignancy: a cross- sectional study.
- Author
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Subha ST and Nordin AJ
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prospective Studies, Radiopharmaceuticals, Sensitivity and Specificity, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods
- Abstract
Background: Clinical assessment of head and neck cancers is highly challenging owing to the complexity of regional anatomy and wide range of lesions. The diagnostic evaluation includes detailed physical examination, biopsy and imaging modalities for disease extent and staging. Appropriate imaging is done to enable determination of precise tumor extent and involvement of lymph nodes, and detection of distant metastases and second primary tumors., Objective: To evaluate the initial staging discrepancy between conventional contrasted computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and its impact on management plans for head and neck malignancies., Design and Setting: Prospective cross-sectional study in two tertiary-level hospitals., Methods: This study included 30 patients with primary head and neck malignant tumors who underwent contrasted computed tomography and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT assessments. The staging and treatment plans were compared with the incremental information obtained after 18F-FDG PET/CT., Results: 18F-FDG PET/CT was found to raise the stage in 33.3% of the cases and the treatment intent was altered in 43.3% of them, while there was no management change in the remaining 56.7%. 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity (96% versus 89.2%) and accuracy (93% versus 86.7%) than conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity and accuracy for detecting head and neck malignancy, in comparison with conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. 18F-FDG PET/CT improved the initial staging and substantially impacted the management strategy for head and neck malignancies.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Multiple microRNA signature panel as promising potential for diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer.
- Author
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Subha ST, Chin JW, Cheah YK, Mohtarrudin N, and Saidi HI
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Gene Expression genetics, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic genetics, Humans, MicroRNAs metabolism, Neoplasm Staging, Papillomaviridae genetics, Prognosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck genetics, Transcriptome genetics, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis, Head and Neck Neoplasms genetics, MicroRNAs genetics
- Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expressions of human body. To date, numerous studies have reported that microRNAs possess great diagnostic and prognostic power in head and neck cancer and had governed a lot of attention. The factor for the successfulness of miRNAs in these aspects is due to cancer being fundamentally tied to genetic changes, which are regulated by these miRNAs. Head and neck cancer, leading the world record for cancer as number sixth, is caused by multiple risk factors such as tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, ethnicity, family history, and human papilloma virus. It derives at locations such as oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinus and salivary gland and have high rate of mortality with high recurrence rate. Besides, head and neck cancer is also usually having poor prognosis due to its asymptomatic nature. However, this diagnostic and prognostic power can be further improved by using multiple panels of miRNA as a signature or even combined with TNM staging system to obtain even more remarkable results. This is due to multiple factors such as tumour heterogeneity and components of the tumour which may affect the composition of miRNAs. This review covers the examples of such miRNA signatures, compare their diagnostic and prognostic powers, discuss some controversial roles of unreported miRNAs, and the molecular mechanisms of the miRNAs in gene targeting and pathways., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A Five-Year Review on Pediatric Foreign Body Aspiration.
- Author
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Nasir ZM and Subha ST
- Abstract
Introduction Foreign body aspiration is a leading cause of accidental death in children. Clinical presentation varies from non-specific respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure making diagnosis challenging. Objective To review pediatric patients who underwent bronchoscopy due to suspicion of foreign body aspiration at a tertiary center in Malaysia. Methods We retrospectively studied patients < 11 years old who underwent bronchoscopy from 2008 to 2018. Results Over the 10-year period, 20 patients underwent bronchoscopy, and 16 were found to have foreign body aspiration with equal gender distribution. The most common age group was < 3 years old (75%). The most common clinical presentations were choking (82%) and stridor (31%). Foreign bodies were removed using flexible bronchoscope in 8 cases (50%), and difficulties were encountered in 6 cases (75%). Rigid ventilating bronchoscope was used in 8 cases (50%) with no difficulty. The most common object found was peanut (19%). The majority of foreign bodies were lodged in the right bronchus (43%). Eight patients (80%) received delayed treatment due to delayed diagnosis. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups. Conclusion Clinical presentation and chest radiograph findings were comparable across all age groups. The most difficulties encountered during foreign body removal were via flexible bronchoscope, in children < 3 years old. There was no significant correlation between age and type of foreign body aspiration. The majority of patients who received delayed treatment were < 3 years old. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors have no conflict of interests to declare., (Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Parotid Gland Carcinoma Masquerading as an Aural Polyp.
- Author
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Subha ST, Abu-Bakar S, and Prepageran N
- Abstract
Introduction: Parotid gland squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis. Aural polyps are usually the presenting features of chronic suppurative otitis media, tuberculous otitis media, and adenoma or carcinoma. The malignant aural polyp is very rare. Parotid gland carcinoma masquerading as an aural polyp has rarely been described in the literature., Case Report: We report a case study of parotid squamous cell carcinoma in a 29-year-old male masquerading as an ear polyp., Conclusion: Parotid gland primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rapidly advancing neoplasm which carries poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. Diligent clinical and histopathological evaluation is imperative to discriminate this rare aggressive disease from the metastatic and other primary cancers of the parotid. A high index of suspicion is crucial in refractory aural polyps to arrive at early diagnosis.
- Published
- 2019
7. Isolated sphenoid sinusitis: A big headache.
- Author
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Ishak NL, Subha ST, and Abu Bakar S
- Published
- 2019
8. Traumatic transnasal penetrating injury with cerebral spinal fluid leak.
- Author
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Teng TS, Ishak NL, Subha ST, and Bakar SA
- Abstract
CSF leak in penetrating skull base injury is relatively rare compared to close head injury involving skull base fracture. We report a 5-year-old boy presented with epistaxis and impacted pencil into the left nostril. The child was hemodynamically stable without any neurological deficit. Intraoperatively, there was a nasal septal defect posteriorly with anterior skull base fracture associated with CSF leak. The pencil was removed from the left nostril and the CSF leak was repaired using harvested abdominal fat under the same setting. Computed Tomography (CT) of the brain showed right cribriform plate fracture with small pneumocranium. Postoperatively, a prophylactic antibiotic was given for seven days and he was discharged well. Subsequent clinic visits up to one-year postoperative period showed no recurrence of the CSF leak. History taking, physical examination and CT imaging give valuable diagnostic values in managing the penetrating skull base injury. Early intervention for removal of the foreign body and repair of the CSF leak is advocated to prevent catastrophic complication.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Temporal Bone with Collet-Sicard Syndrome.
- Author
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Subha ST and Nordin AJ
- Abstract
Introduction: Metastatic tumors of the temporal bone are extremely rare. Collet-Sicard syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by unilateral palsy of the lower four cranial nerves. The clinical features of temporal bone metastasis are nonspecific and mimic infections such as chronic otitis media and mastoiditis., Case Report: This report describes a rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone causing Collet-Sicard syndrome, presenting with hearing loss, headache and ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies. The patient was a 68-year old woman initially diagnosed with extensive mastoiditis and later confirmed as having metastatic adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone, based on histopathologic findings., Conclusion: Clinical presentation of metastatic carcinoma of the temporal bone can be overshadowed by infective or inflammatory conditions. This case report is to emphasize the point that a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for the early diagnosis of this aggressive disease which carries relatively poor prognosis. This report highlights that it is crucial to suspect malignant neoplasm in patients with hearing loss, headache and cranial nerve palsies.
- Published
- 2018
10. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting As a Cystic Neck Lesion: Case Series.
- Author
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Subha ST, Bakri MA, Salleh H, Doi M, and Nordin AJ
- Abstract
Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) constitutes 75-85% of all thyroid cancers. PTC usually presents as a subtle, commonly slow-growing, painless thyroid mass or a solitary nodule in the neck. This presentation of a cystic neck lump, without the presence of a thyroid nodule, may imitate the course of a benign disease, thus delaying diagnosis and proper treatment., Case Report: Three cases that had been initially presented as a cystic neck lesion in which a benign etiology was considered primarily were compiled in this study. PTC was only diagnosed after surgical excision of these cystic neck lesions in the first two cases, and after performing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and an 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET CT) scan in the latter case., Conclusion: PTC can sometimes present as a cystic neck mass; a presentation which is usually related to a benign lesion. This case series emphasizes that patients who appear to have a solitary cystic neck mass must be treated with a high index of clinical suspicion. Although not a first-line imaging modality, 18F-FDG-PET can be extremely useful in assessing patients with a cystic neck lesion, where diagnosis is still uncertain after standard investigations such as ultrasonography and FNAC have been performed.
- Published
- 2018
11. Role of impacted cerumen in hearing loss.
- Author
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Subha ST and Raman R
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Auditory Threshold physiology, Cerumen, Ear Canal pathology, Ear Diseases complications, Hearing Loss, Conductive etiology
- Abstract
We performed a study to determine if cerumen in the ear canal causes significant hearing loss and to ascertain if there is any correlation between the amount of cerumen and the degree of hearing loss. Our study was conducted on 109 ears in 80 patients. The results indicated that impacted cerumen does cause a significant degree of conductive hearing loss. We found no significant correlation between the length of the cerumen plug and the severity of hearing loss. Nor did we find any significant correlation between the presence of impacted cerumen and variables such as age, sex, ethnicity, or affected side.
- Published
- 2006
12. Glomus tympanicum: a report of two cases.
- Author
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Subha ST, Raman R, and Prepageran N
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Ear Neoplasms diagnosis, Ear Neoplasms surgery, Ear, Middle, Glomus Tympanicum Tumor diagnosis, Glomus Tympanicum Tumor surgery
- Abstract
Two cases of glomus tympanium tumor of the middle ear stage 'type A' according to Fisch classification, are presented due to their rarity in this part of the world. These tumors were excised by end aural tympanotomy approach and there has been no recurrence in both patients to date.
- Published
- 2005
13. Nasal cylindrical cell papilloma.
- Author
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Subha ST and Prepageran N
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nose Neoplasms diagnosis, Nose Neoplasms surgery, Papilloma diagnosis, Papilloma surgery
- Abstract
Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor of nose and paranasal sinuses arising from lateral nasal wall and middle meatus. Histologically these tumors are composed of epithelial nests that are inverted, exophytic and cylindrical. Here we describe a clinical case of nasal cylindrical cell papilloma, which was treated by endoscopic excision.
- Published
- 2005
14. Nocardia infection of the mastoid in an immunocompromised patient.
- Author
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Subha ST and Raman R
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Mastoiditis therapy, Nocardia Infections therapy, HIV Infections immunology, Immunocompromised Host, Mastoiditis diagnosis, Mastoiditis microbiology, Nocardia Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
A rare case of Nocardia infection of mastoid is presented in an immunocompromised patient.
- Published
- 2004
15. Actinomyces infection of the mastoid: a rare entity.
- Author
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Subha ST, Raman R, Cheah PL, and Soo Hoo TS
- Subjects
- Actinomycosis drug therapy, Adult, Bone Diseases, Infectious drug therapy, Female, Humans, Penicillins therapeutic use, Actinomycosis diagnosis, Bone Diseases, Infectious diagnosis, Mastoid
- Abstract
A rare case of mastoid infection caused by actinomyces israelii is presented. This patient underwent exploratory mastoidectomy followed by long term oral pencillin. She responded well to the treatment and has been asymptomatic on follow up to date.
- Published
- 2004
16. Dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus in a child.
- Author
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Lee ML, Prepageran N, and Subha ST
- Subjects
- Child, Endoscopy, Humans, Male, Paranasal Sinus Diseases surgery, Dentigerous Cyst surgery, Maxillary Sinus
- Abstract
Dentigerous cyst in maxillary sinus, especially in children, is uncommon in Malaysia. Few cases of dentigerous cyst in maxillary sinus in children have been reported in the medical literature. According to Tay AB et al, dentigerous cyst was accounted for 2.3% of the 20 most common diagnosed oral tumors in Singapore form year 1993--1997. This report illustrates a case of the dentigerous cyst in the maxillary sinus, resulting in significant facial swelling, which was managed by endoscopic marsupialization of the cyst.
- Published
- 2004
17. Adult acute epiglottitis.
- Author
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Arumainathan UD, Siow SC, and Subha ST
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adult, Disease Progression, Humans, Laryngoscopy, Pharyngitis, Airway Obstruction, Epiglottitis
- Abstract
Acute epiglotiitis is a disease of rapid onset and progression of symptoms and has been well described in children. The importance of being aware of this diagnosis is to prevent an acute upper airway obstruction that can be potentially fatal. Here we describe two cases of adult acute epiglottitis where the patients had severe symptoms of sorethroat but a normal looking oropharynx.
- Published
- 2002
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