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Aim: To study the macrophage-like cells (MLC) of the inner retinal surface in eyes with retinal vein occlusions (RVO) and the association of MLC with clinical characteristics of RVO. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records and multimodal imaging data of treatment-naïve patients with unilateral RVO and no abnormalities of vitreoretinal interface electronic were reviewed and analyzed. To visualize MLC, structural projections of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography scans within a slab between two inner limiting membrane segmentation lines (with 0 and −9 µm offset) were evaluated. The density of MLC was calculated and compared between affected and fellow eyes of each patient with regards to OCT and clinical characteristics of RVO. Results: Thirty-six eyes (twenty-eight branch RVO and eight central RVO) of 36 patients (21 males and 15 females, mean age 48.9 ± 9.8 years) were included. The density of MLC in affected eye was statistically significantly higher than that of the fellow eye, 8.5 ± 5.5 and 4.0 ± 3.6 cells/mm2, respectively (p < 0.001). The MLC density in the affected eye had a statistically significantly correlation with that of the fellow eye (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001), but with none of the OCT and clinical characteristics of the affected eye apart from the presence of subfoveal fluid. Eyes with subfoveal fluid had a statistically significantly higher mean number of MLC than that of eyes without subfoveal fluid, 12.6 ± 6.3 and 6.9 ± 4.0 cells/mm2, respectively (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The number of MLC on the inner retinal surface increases in RVO eyes which may reflect the activation of inflammatory pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To describe the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) and/or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in the treatment of small pigmented choroidal lesions with subfoveal fluid (SFF), and to investigate prognostic value of the therapeutic response in future tumor growth. Methods Retrospective chart review of 19 patients, who were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (CNV)-free small pigmented choroidal lesions and treated with IVB and/or TTT, was performed. Results Complete resolution of SFF was achieved in two eyes (2/14; 14.3%) after IVB, and in three eyes (3/4; 75%) after TTT. Best corrected visual acuity was improved in two eyes (2/9; 22%) after IVB, and in three eyes (3/4; 75%) after TTT. Among five patients who underwent TTT after IVB, four patients (4/5; 80%) demonstrated additional advantage. All IVBs could not reduce tumor sizes. Rather, tumor growth was detected in seven out of 14 eyes (7/14; 50%) that underwent IVB. None of the patients who underwent TTT showed tumor growth. The lack of treatment response to IVB was suggestive of malignancy, as most small pigmented lesions that had no response to IVB showed tumor growth (86%, p = 0.010). Conclusion IVB was not effective in reducing tumor size and subfoveal fluid in small pigmented choroidal lesions. Therapeutic response to IVB can be used as an indicator between melanoma and nevus in small pigmented choroidal lesion.

Abstract Background The present study reported a case of juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma (JRCH) that was successfully treated by two sessions of full-fluence photodynamic treatment (PDT) with good visual outcome. Case presentation A 19-year-old male patient presented progressive deterioration of the vision of right eye due to the presence of exudative macular detachment associated with JRCH. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had decreased from 1.0 to 0.02. The JRCH was treated with two sessions of full-fluence PDT at an interval of 3 months. After the first PDT, the subfoveal fluid was reduced, albeit not completely disappeared. After the second PDT, the subfoveal fluid was successfully displaced. At the 1.5-year follow-up examination, no subfoveal fluid was observed at the macula, and VA improved from a pretherapy level of 0.02–0.8 at 18 months post-treatment. Conclusion Resolution of the exudative macular detachment, reduction in papillomacular area fluid, and reduction in the size of the JRCH were observed during the follow-up period. No severe adverse events were observed. Therefore, PDT is potential candidate treatment for relieving exudative macular detachment and recovering VA and reduction in the size of the JRCH.

A patient who had subfoveal fluid associated with sympathetic ophthalmia following scleral buckling and subretinal fluid drainage surgery is evaluated. The subfoveal fluid was demonstrated with optical coherence tomography. The patient received oral corticosteroid and cyclosporine A combination. He is followed with regular examinations, fluorescein angiography and OCT. Visual acuity increased from 20/25 to 20/20 and the subfoveal fluid resolved in the sympathizing eye with therapy. OCT may be a valuable tool in monitoring the response to the systemic therapy of sympathetic ophthalmia with subfoveal exudation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with persistent subfoveal fluid in surgically closed macular holes (MHs)., Methods: This was a prospective consecutive case series of eyes undergoing surgical repair for full-thickness MH in the PIONEER study, a prospective intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) multisurgeon single-center study. Thirty-seven eyes (36 patients) with surgically closed MH were studied. Quantitative OCT analysis was performed including intraoperative MH area, volume, ellipsoid zone to retinal pigment epithelium (EZ-RPE) height, extent of subretinal hyporeflectivity (SRHR), and the amount of postoperative subfoveal fluid., Results: Persistent subfoveal fluid was identified in 58% of eyes at 2 weeks following surgery. The mean time to two-line improvement in visual acuity was greater in eyes with persistent subfoveal fluid (P = 0.03). Final visual acuity did not correlate with the initial presence of fluid. Two intraoperative factors following internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were associated with the formation of persistent subfoveal fluid: EZ-RPE height and SRHR width (P < 0.01). These were both negatively correlated with amount of postoperative subfoveal fluid (P = 0.028 and 0.04, respectively)., Conclusions: Persistent subfoveal fluid following MH surgery is a common finding that appears to delay visual recovery but not effect final visual outcome. The incidence of persistent subfoveal fluid appears to be related to intraoperative alterations after ILM peeling in the outer retinal architecture (e.g., increased EZ-RPE height and SRHR width). This finding suggests a novel mechanism for facilitating MH closure through ILM peeling (e.g., altering photoreceptor/RPE adherence and increasing retinal mobility that allows for complete hole closure)., (Copyright 2015 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.)