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Key Clinical Message: Early initiation of anti‐retroviral treatment and prompt management of heart failure in a AIDS patient is crucial. If resources available endomyocardial biopsy can guide the future management. HIV‐associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a serious complication of HIV with poorly understood pathology. Systolic dysfunction was a common characteristic of HIVAC which is now replaced as diastolic dysfunction due to the availability of ART. There are various etiologies of HIVAC depending on the degree of viral replication, immune response, availability of ART, and also the disparity between high and low‐income countries. We present the case report of a 65‐year‐old male with a past medical history of untreated HIV who came to the hospital with hemodynamic instability and was diagnosed with HIVAC with pulmonary TB, where the cause of HIVAC was poor immune response and opportunistic infection. Therefore, early cardiac monitoring is essential in HIV patients to prevent its advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Hypocalcemia is one of the rarest causes of reversible cardiomyopathy. Patients with refractory heart failure need to be explored for hypocalcemia and need prompt correction. Hypocalcemia is a rare cause of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. Correction of calcium is crucial to recover left ventricular function and structure. We presented the case of a 55‐year‐old female who was admitted to the hospital with refractory heart failure due to hypocalcemia induced by primary hypoparathyroidism and complicated by vitamin D deficiency. The patient's cardiac symptoms improved dramatically upon correction of hypocalcemia, and vitamin D. Therefore, the key clinical message of this case report is, that hypocalcemia, although rare, should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses when heart failure is refractory and early diagnosis and treatment is necessary as it is the cause of reversible cardiomyopathy and could reduce morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]