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Long-lived seabird species such as albatrosses and petrels, which are widely distributed at sea and have small populations are threatened globally by bycatch in fisheries. Among these, the waved albatross Phoebastria irrorata is scarcely detected in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of countries beyond its traditional distribution throughout the Southeast Pacific. In this article, in situ distributional records on the waved albatross obtained from non-systematic (pelagic birdwatching) and systematic (fishery monitoring) records were compiled. Occurrence of sightings was carried out in relation to recording traits as presence/absence of breeding period and El Niño proxies such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), among others. A total of 13 sightings of waved albatrosses was described which 76.9% of sightings were related to non-breeding period (December to April). Records indicated waved albatrosses reached 4,391 km south of the Galapagos Islands (38°S) and 920 km west of the South American coast (79°W). The waved albatross was associated with industrial pelagic longline and demersal trawl fisheries, and although there were no records of bycatch, the observation of individuals feeding on discards and offal suggests a potential risk of mortality for this species. 53.8% of sightings were during positive readings of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), representing colder conditions than neutral El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Long-lived seabird species such as albatrosses and petrels, which are widely distributed at sea and have small populations are threatened globally by bycatch in fisheries. Among these, the waved albatross Phoebastria irrorata is scarcely detected in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of countries beyond its traditional distribution throughout the Southeast Pacific. In this article, in situ distributional records on the waved albatross obtained from non-systematic (pelagic birdwatching) and systematic (fishery monitoring) records were compiled. Occurrence of sightings was carried out in relation to recording traits as presence/absence of breeding period and El Niño proxies such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), among others. A total of 13 sightings of waved albatrosses was described which 76.9% of sightings were related to non-breeding period (December to April). Records indicated waved albatrosses reached 4,391 km south of the Galapagos Islands (38°S) and 920 km west of the South American coast (79°W). The waved albatross was associated with industrial pelagic longline and demersal trawl fisheries, and although there were no records of bycatch, the observation of individuals feeding on discards and offal suggests a potential risk of mortality for this species. 53.8% of sightings were during positive readings of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), representing colder conditions than neutral El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Las especies de aves marinas longevas, tales como albatros y petreles ampliamente distribuidos en el mar y con poblaciones reducidas, tienen a la captura incidental en pesquerías como una de las principales amenazas para su conservación. Entre estas, el albatros de Galápagos Phoebastria irrorata es escasamente detectado en las Zonas Económicas Exclusivas (ZEE) de países más allá de su distribución tradicional a lo largo del Pacífico Sudeste. En este artículo se recopilan registros distribucionales del albatros de Galápagos in situ y obtenidos desde observaciones no sistemáticas en el mar, tales como actividades de turismo (i.e., observación pelágica de aves) desde la década de 1980s en adelante. A su vez, se incorporan registros desde monitoreos sistemáticos en pesquerías de palangre y arrastre, operando entre el norte y centro-sur de Chile (Pacífico Sudeste). La ocurrencia de avistamientos fue analizada según características ambientales relacionadas a estos, como presencia/ausencia de periodo reproductivo e indicadores de eventos El Niño, tal como valores negativos en el Índice de Oscilación Sur (IOS), entre otros. Se describió un total de 13 avistamientos del albatros de Galápagos y con 76,9% de estos fuera de su periodo reproductivo (diciembre a abril). Los registros evidencian una distribución meridional del albatros de Galápagos hasta el centro-sur de Chile (38°S), alcanzando 4.391 km al sur de Islas Galápagos, así como hasta 920 km al oeste (79°O) desde la costa Sudamericana. El albatros de Galápagos fue registrado en asociación con pesquerías industriales de palangre pelágico y arrastre demersal. No hubo registros de captura incidental, aunque la observación de individuos asociados a barcos de estas pesquerías para alimentarse de descartes y eviscerados sugiere un potencial riesgo de mortalidad para esta especie. El 53,8% de los avistamientos fueron durante lecturas positivas del Índice de Oscilación Sur (IOS), representando condiciones más frías que las neutrales de El Niño Oscilación Sur (ENOS).

The globally population decline of Southern Rockhopper penguins does considered this species as vulnerable. However, in the Diego Ramírez archipelago (southern Chile) during the recent years the breeding population has been increased. We describe the nesting of Southern Rockhopper penguins in two sub-colonies of recent conformation in Gonzalo Island, Diego Ramírez. Variables such as sub-colony size and location of the nest within this not explain the hatching success of eggs and survival of chicks. The nesting population of Southern Rockhopper penguin in Gonzalo Island has a pattern of expansion in its colony, explained by a local increase in population abundance and protection generated by the vegetation coverage as tussock for their nests, which acting as an forming expansive colonial frontier.

Se describen los ítem-presas del Águila (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) registrados en una localidad de la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena. A través del análisis de 66 egagrópilas y 56 restos de presas colectados durante parte de los periodos reproductivos 2007, 2008 y 2009, se identificó un total de 11 taxones de vertebrados: cuatro especies exóticas y siete especies nativas. Sobre este total, la liebre europea fue el taxón con mayor número de registros durante las tres temporadas, representando el 46.55% de la dieta de esta rapaz, seguido de Rodentia con 33.45% del total. Aunque estos resultados se restringen a una localidad y no incluyen la variabilidad intra-anual en el consumo de presas del Águila en esta zona de la Patagonia, son consistentes con lo reportado en otras localidades de Chile y Argentina, donde se ha observado un mayor consumo de lagomorfos introducidos por sobre algunas especies nativas. We describe the prey items consumed by the Black-Chested Buzzard-Eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) registered in one study site in Aysén district, Chilean Patagonia. Through analysis of 66 pellets and 56 prey remains collected in the breeding periods 2007, 2008, and 2009, we identified a total of 11 vertebrate taxa: four exotic species and seven native species. The European hare was the taxon with the largest number of records during the three seasons, accounting for 46.55% of the diet of this raptor, Rodentia followed with 33.45% of the total. Although these results are restricted to one location and do not include intra-annual variability in prey consumption of Black-Chested Buzzard-Eagle in this area of Patagonia, are consistent with those reported in other locations in Chile and Argentina, where there has been an increased consumption of lagomorphs introduced over native species. 164-171 aldoarriagada@gmail.com semestral

Interactions between seabirds and commercial fishing activities have been well documented but little information is available regarding the impacts of more traditional fishing practices on seabird populations. We interviewed fishermen, administered questionnaires, and made field-based observations to determine the extent to which artisanal fisheries interact with and affect seabirds in the fjords and channels of the Chonos archipelago in southern Chile. Our surveys indicated a positive perception of seabirds as useful indicators of marine productivity and in their role scavenging fish waste and discards associated with fishing operations. However, the surveys also revealed that fishermen routinely establish seasonal camps for collecting seabird eggs and adults for food or bait and introduce feral predators to seabird breeding colonies on islands. Understanding the traditional practices of fishermen is critical for the future of community-based conservation of the region´s marine resources and biodiversity.

Durante enero 2011 se registraron datos morfométricos y conductuales de Cinclodes antarcticus en isla Gonzalo, Diego Ramírez, sur de Chile. La longitud del pico fue significativamente mayor en machos respecto de hembras. C. antarcticus es un ave comensalista de colonias reproductivas de aves y mamíferos marinos de la Patagonia austral. During january 2011 we recorded morphometric and behavioral data of Cinclodes antarcticus in Gonzalo island, Diego Ramirez, southern Chile. The bill length was significantly higher in males compared to females. C. antarcticus is a commensal bird of seabird and marine mammal colonies of the Patagonia.

Los fiordos y canales subantárticos de Chile presentan importantes áreas de alimentación y reproducción de aves marinas. Además, estos ambientes albergan una importante actividad de pesca de palangre artesanal de la merluza austral (Merluccius australis). Los estudios de asociaciones entre aves marinas y la actividad pesquera son fundamentales en la ecología y biología de la conservación de estas aves. Por esta razón, se investigó la composición y estructura del ensamble estacional de aves marinas relacionado con actividades de pesca de palangre artesanal de merluza austral en canales del Pacífico sudeste, Chile. El trabajo de campo fue llevado a cabo durante verano (Bahía Cook), invierno (Faro Félix) y primavera (Golfo Xaultegua) del año 2008. Diez especies fueron asociadas con actividades artesanales, las más comunes durante el año fueron el albatros de ceja negra Thalassarche melanophrys y el petrel gigante antártico Macronectes giganteus. La estructura estacional del ensamble presentó diferencias entre verano e invierno. En términos de abundancia, el albatros de ceja negra mostró la más alta contribución al ensamble en verano (87,5%). Durante invierno, la gaviota dominicana Larus dominicanus, presentó la más alta contribución (47,7%), mientras que el albatros de ceja negra disminuyó a 9,1%. El albatros de ceja negra fue la especie con mayor Índice de Importancia Relativa dentro del ensamble, pero también es una especie con estatus de conservación `en peligro', por lo tanto es necesario mantener un monitoreo constante sobre la interacción entre las aves marinas y la pesca del palangre artesanal en estos ambientes subantárticos. The fjords and channels of southern Chile represent breeding and feeding areas for sub-Antarctic seabird species. In addition, in these environments, an important artisanal austral hake Merluccius australis longline fishery operates. Studies on the relationship between seabirds and this activity are fundamental for the ecology and conservation biology of these birds. This study examined the composition and structure of the seasonal seabird assemblages attending the artisanal longline fishing activities in channels of the Southeast Pacific, Chile. Fieldwork was carried-out during summer (Cook Bay), winter (Felix Lighthouse), and spring (Gulf Xaultegua) of 2008. Ten species were associated with fishing activities. The most common seabird species observed during the year were the Black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophrys and the Southern giant-petrel Macronectes giganteus. The seasonal structure of the assemblages presented differences between summer and winter. In terms of abundance, Black-browed albatrosses presented the highest contribution to the assemblage in summer (87.5%). During winter the Kelp gull Larus dominicanus showed the highest contribution (47.7%) while the Black-browed albatross abundance decreased to 9.1%. Black-browed albatross was the species with the highest index of relative importance within the assemblies, but is also a species with the conservation status `endangered'. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain constant monitoring of the interaction between seabirds and artisanal longline fishing activities of sub-Antarctic environments.

We evaluated the composition and seasonal variation in the diversity of an aquatic bird assemblage related to a mussel farm in southern Chile. Observations were carried out during spring 2008, and the summer, autumn and winter of 2009. Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus, followed by kelp gull Larus dominicanus and imperial cormorant P. atriceps were the dominant species. We identified five dietary groups, of which piscivorous birds had the greatest representation. Finally, we discuss the need to evaluate the potential impacts generated by the intensive mussel farming on various components of the marine ecosystem in southern Chile.

Entre los años 2007 y 2009, se estudió la diversidad de aves y mamíferos marinos que habitan bahía San Pedro (comuna de Purranque, provincia de Osorno). Evaluamos la composición, diversidad y abundancia de estos vertebrados, que presentó 18 especies de aves marinas, de las cuales Spheniscus magellanicus y Puffinus griseus fueron las más abundantes. Dos especies de pingüinos, una gaviota y un gaviotín se reproducen en la bahía. El ensamble de mamíferos marinos estuvo compuesto por siete especies, de las cuales Otaria flavescens y Lagenorhynchus australis fueron las más abundantes. Una especie de lobo marino y nutria de mar se reproducen en la bahía. Los resultados demuestran el potencial que posee esta bahía para la conservación de biodiversidad marina y el desarrollo del turismo de intereses especiales que promuevan la conservación. A partir de esta información, recomendamos establecer un programa de estudios a largo plazo que asesore a la comunidad local en la planificación, regulación y evaluación de las actividades de turismo a desarrollar. Between 2007 and 2009, we studied the diversity of seabirds and marine mammals inhabiting San Pedro Bay (Purranque, coastal area of the Osorno province). We assessed composition, diversity and abundance of these vertebrates that included 18 species of seabirds, with Spheniscus magellanicus and Puffinus griseus as the most abundant. Two species of penguin, a gull and a tern breed in the area. Marine mammal assemblages were composed of seven species, from which Otaria flavescens and Lagenorhynchus australis were the most abundant. A species of sea lion and an otter breed in the area. These results show the potential of this area for biological conservation and the development of special interest tourism initiatives, which promote conservation. Based on this information, we recommend establishing long-term study programs that will provide guidance to the local community, in terms of planning, regulation and assessment of tourism activities that can be developed.

Lontra felina, conocido comúnmente como 'chungungo', habita en el sudeste de la costa del Pacífico, en el litoral rocoso expuesto. Esta especie de mustélido es nativa de Chile y Perú y es considerada 'en peligro de extinción' en todo su rango de distribución. Este estudio analizó y comparó: a) la dieta de L. felina para seis localidades entre las latitudes 24º40'S y 48º50'S mediante las categorías de presas descritas en la literatura; b) la diversidad de las categorías de presas entre estas mismas localidades. Además, se estimaron los índices de diversidad y de sobreposición dietaria para sintetizar información sobre riqueza y abundancia del número y uso relativo de presas por parte de L. felina (amplitud de nicho trófico). Los crustáceos fueron las presas más consumidas, seguidas por peces y, en menor cantidad, por moluscos. Se determinó un patrón latitudinal en la diversidad de especies consumidas por L. felina. Se registraron valores máximos en las latitudes de la zona centro-sur y valores mínimos en los extremos septentrionales y meridionales del gradiente estudiado. L. felina es un depredador importante de invertebrados bentónicos y presenta un patrón de alimentación caracterizado por una mayor diversidad trófica en el centro-sur de la costa chilena. Lontra felina, commonly known as 'chungungo', inhabits the southeastern Pacific Ocean, along exposed rocky coastlines. This mustelid species is native to Chile and Peru, and is considered as 'endangered' at all its distribution range. This study analyzed and compared: a) the diet of L. felina from six locations between 24º40'S and 48º50'S with the prey categories described in the literature; b) diversity on prey's categories on the same locations. Furthermore, diversity and diet overlaps indices were calculated to summarize the information regarding richness, abundance and relative use of preys by L. felina (trophic niche breath).Crustaceans were the most consumed preys, followed by fish and, to a lower extend, mollusks. A latitudinal pattern was found regarding prey consumption by L. felina. Maximum values were found in the central-south latitudes and minimum values in the septentrional and meridional extreme of the studied gradient. L. felina is an important feline predator of benthic invertebrates and exhibits a feeding pattern characterized by a higher trophic diversity in the south-central area of the Chilean coast.