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The purpose of this case report was to present a rare clinical case of successful new dental implant installation in the site of previously healed medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). An 80-year-old female patient with history of oral bisphosphonate (BP) therapy presented with pain and swelling of gingiva in the right posterior mandible. One of the 3 implants placed 15 years ago in the right mandibular posterior area was removed 6 months before the visit to our hospital, which led to worsening of the symptoms. After clinical and radiographic examination, the patient was diagnosed with stage 2 MRONJ. Along with antibiotic therapy, the patient underwent surgical intervention via sequestrectomy and removal of the remaining 2 implants. Adequate soft and hard tissue healing without any complications and signs of recurrence was confirmed, and implant installation with simultaneous bone grafting and prosthesis fabrication were done in the explantation sites of MRONJ. By the 7-year follow-up, no implant failure has been observed, and installation of implants was successful in the previously healed MRONJ site. Dental implant installation is possible in a patient with history of failed implant due to MRONJ. However, a careful treatment planning is needed before implantation in a previously healed site of MRONJ to reduce the potential risks of MRONJ recurrence and implant failure.

Roses (Rosa hybrida) are a highly merchandised flower but lack blue varieties. Overexpression of the flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) gene can increase the accumulation of blue pigment (delphinidin anthocyanin). However, sometimes the effect of F3′5′H gene alone is inadequate for producing blue flowers. Furthermore, the internal environment of the cell, such as an increase in pH, can also help the conversion of anthocyanins to blue pigments. Nonetheless, genetic engineering methods can simultaneously introduce multiple genes at the same time to regulate the development of blue pigments to achieve the ultimate breeding goal of producing blue color in roses. In the present study, to simultaneously adjust the accumulation of delphinidin and vacuolar pH, we introduced the Viola tricolor flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (VtF3′5′H) and Rosa hybrida Na+/H+ exchanger (RhNHX) genes into the white rose line “KR056002” using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that the heterologous genes in the transgenic lines were highly expressed in petals and leaves, and simultaneously promoted the expression of related anthocyanin synthesis structural genes. Obvious color changes were observed in both petals and young leaves, especially when petals changed from white to red-purple. The formation of delphinidin was not detected in the petals of control plants, whereas the petals of transgenic lines had higher delphinidin content (135–214 μg/l) and increased pH value (0.45–0.53) compared with those of control plants.

Background: Providing correct information about dementia and people living with dementia and improving the attitude toward the disease have important implications in overcoming prejudice and negative perceptions and strengthening the social support system. However, studies are limited about which aspects of dementia knowledge affect attitudes toward it and the influence of such knowledge on particular aspects of such attitudes. Objective: This study examined which part of dementia knowledge affects attitudes toward dementia and, furthermore, the influence of such knowledge on two aspects of attitudes in the general population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey of 1,200 participants aged 20 years or older was adopted. A landline and wireless telephone survey was conducted from October 12 to October 22, 2021. The survey data included self-report questions about dementia knowledge, dementia attitudes, demographics, and family information. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: Dementia knowledge was positively associated with global dementia attitudes. In terms of the relationship between the two dimensions of dementia attitudes and knowledge, the latter displayed a significant positive association with accepting attitudes (β= 0.121, p

PURPOSE: Performing a warm-up prior to a sports competition is essential for preventing injuries and maximizing subsequent performance. Passive warming has therefore received attention because it can effectively maintain an elevated muscle temperature (Tm) after a warm-up. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of local passive warming (LPW) administered during the transition phase between active warm-up and isokinetic exercises.METHODS: Eleven healthy men participated in this randomized crossover study. During the 30-minute transition period, a customized water-perfused warming pad was placed on the anterior thighs of the dominant legs (+3°C or +6°C based on the baseline skin temperature) or no intervention for the control group (CON). Subsequently, the total work, peak torque, and average power during isokinetic knee extensions (10 repetitions at a speed of 60°/sce) were measured. Using surface electromyography (EMG), the root mean square and mean frequency from the rectus femoris during knee extension were measured to assess neuromuscular activity.RESULTS: Total work (+6°C 1,289.8±389.3 vs. CON 1,437.3±408.2 Nm, p=.042), peak torque (+6°C 146.0±33.3 vs. CON 162.9±37.9 Nm, p=.022), and average power (+6°C 77.7±19.8 vs. CON 90.2±25.3 W, p=.012) were lower in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group. EMG RMS was lower in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group (+6°C 58.4±22.3 vs. CON 78.6±33.0 % MVC, p=.005). MF was higher in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group (+6°C 87.5±12.4 vs. CON 81.4±11.0 Hz, p=.016).CONCLUSIONS: Local passive warming administered during the transition phase was not an appropriate strategy for boosting the performance of subsequent isokinetic exercises. Accordingly, the application of passive warming should be carefully chosen before exercise commences.

This case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment of a 23-year-old female with Class III malocclusion and a missing maxillary left second premolar. Treatment alternatives were discussed, and the selected treatment plan was presented to illustrate a way to gain space for the premolar implant restoration and correct Class III relationship through maxillary molar retraction followed by maxillary total arch protraction with a palatal temporary skeletal anchorage device. Esthetic anterior alignment and functional occlusal rehabilitation was achieved, and facial balance was maintained at the end of treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Implant restoration in conjunction with regaining orthodontic space by a team of multidisciplinary dental specialists presents an effective treatment solution to permanent tooth agenesis. Class III malocclusion can be treated with a combination of maxillary protraction and mandibular retraction using temporary skeletal anchorage devices. The versatility of modified palatal C-plates presents greater clinical application when related side effects are controlled with solid understanding of their biomechanics.

Implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) combined with implant surveyed prosthesis has been proposed as a treatment alternative to conventional removable partial denture when additional retention, support and stability are needed in partially edentulous patients. However, a few studies have investigated the implant surveyed crowns applied to IARPDs. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate implants applied to IARPDs as surveyed crowns clinically and radiographically. This study was performed on patients who treated with IARPD combined with implant surveyed prosthesis from 2015 to 2021. A total of 74 implants applied to 27 IARPDs were evaluated. The factors such as implant location, Kennedy classification, and type of opposite dentition which possibly affected the prognosis of the implants were recorded. The survival rate of the implant and marginal bone resorption around the implant were investigated. The cumulative survival rate of implants applied to IARPD as abutments was 97.30%. The implant survival rates in the maxilla and mandible were 90.47% and 100% respectively and there was a significant difference (p = 0.044). In marginal bone resorption, there was no significant difference for each condition. Properly planned IARPD combined with implant surveyed prosthesis would be an alternative treatment option for partially edentulous patients.

To determine effects of dental caries management using 'CAMBRA-kids' mobile application for children under 5 years old for a period of a year.This study was conducted on 119 preschoolers and parents. Parents downloaded 'CAMBRA-kids' mobile application and entered risk factors and protective factors for children. Clinician entered disease indicators after clinical examination of children. Based on the input, the caries risk group was automatically determined by the 'CAMBRA-kids' application. According to the caries risk level, caries management was conducted for 12 months according to guidelines.Children's caries risk level changed after conducting caries management for 1 year. In the change of CRA (Caries risk assessment) by factor, risk factors decreased in all risk groups, whereas protective factors increased in all risk groups. Disease indicators increased after 12 months in the extreme high-risk group and the high-risk group, but decreased in the low-risk group.This study evaluated the effect of systematic dental caries management using 'CAMBRA-kids' mobile application for preschool children. As a result, dental caries management had effects on children, especially for the extreme high-risk group and the high-risk group. Thus, it is expected to be used in a variety of areas for caries management of preschoolers.

BACKGROUND Functional movement disorder (FMD), a conversion disorder characterized by involuntary movements, is difficult to treat. METHODS We aimed to assess the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and yoga in FMD patients (n=5). TDCS of the right temporoparietal junction, a brain region relevant in the sense of self-agency, was conducted. Subjects underwent both sham and anodal tDCS with a washout period of 3 weeks. Yoga was used as a mode of exercise, as well as in conjunction with stimulation to sustain potential changes in neural plasticity. RESULTS A total of 5 subjects completed the study [mean age: 52 (SE: 4) y, disease duration: 5 (SE: 1.6) y], undergoing both sham and anodal tDCS. Anodal tDCS does not appear to be superior to sham tDCS in alleviating symptoms and disability, but combining tDCS and yoga appears to lead to mild improvement noted on clinical observation, based on the change in the efficacy index of Clinical Global Impression found in 4 subjects. CONCLUSION Our study results suggest that anodal tDCS is not superior to sham tDCS in alleviating subjective symptoms and disability in FMD. However, interpretation of these results is limited due to the small number of stimulation sessions and number of subjects. Future studies using more frequent stimulation sessions are needed to further determine whether anodal tDCS may have a therapeutic effect in this patient group compared with sham tDCS.

Completely edentulous arches can be restored using various prosthetic modalities, and the treatment outcome may include masticatory and speech discomforts. This study aimed to investigate the current status of prosthetic restoration modalities used for completely edentulous patients and investigate the association between prosthetic restoration modalities and subjective discomfort in mastication and speech by analyzing nationwide big data.Of 97,622 individuals, data from 1,576 adults aged ≥40 years with no natural teeth and no requirement for additional prosthetic treatments were included. Oral examination data were analyzed, and the prostheses of the edentulous arches were categorized as follows: CD, removable complete denture; OD, implant-retained overdenture; and IF, implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis. Discomforts in mastication and speech according to the prosthetic restorative modality groups was statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance (α = 0.05).The maxillary/mandibular prosthetic restorative modality most commonly used was CD/CD, followed by CD/OD, IF/IF, OD/OD, and CD/IF, with weighted percentages of 93.23%, 2.48%, 1.83%, 1.46%, and 0.84%, respectively. Even after adjusting for various covariates, masticatory discomfort in the CD/CD group was significantly greater than that in the OD/OD (p = 0.0004) and IF/IF (p = 0.0002). The CD/CD group also had significantly greater discomfort in speech than did the IF/IF group (p = 0.0119).Most completely edentulous patients were rehabilitated with bimaxillary removable complete dentures; however, the discomforts in mastication and speech were the lowest when both arches were restored with implant-supported fixed restorations.

Anemia during pregnancy is known to be associated with an increased risk of antenatal and/or postnatal depression, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there are few studies evaluating psychological health throughout the antepartum and postpartum periods in women with anemia in early pregnancy. This study analyzed data collected by the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study, a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in South Korea, to determine the impact of anemia during the first trimester on birth outcomes and maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. Hemoglobin levels were measured during the first trimester, and psychological health was evaluated at 12, 24, and 36 gestational weeks and 4–6 weeks postpartum. Anxiety and depression were defined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Among 4067 Korean participants, 119 (2.9%) were diagnosed with anemia during the first trimester. Incidences of anxiety and depression did not differ over the pregnancy period between those with and without anemia during the first trimester. However, postpartum anxiety and depression were significantly more common in participants with anemia than in those without (p < 0.05, both). Hence, obstetricians should pay attention to postpartum mental health in women with anemia during the first trimester.

BackgroundA significant number of patients experience persistent cognitive impairment after coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the cognitive function of patients in the subacute phase of COVID-19 and to identify the clinical factors associated with cognitive sequelae.Materials and methodsData from patients who visited the psychiatric department of our post-COVID clinic between March and May 2022 were analyzed. The results of neuropsychiatric function tests, including the digit span forward (attention/processing speed) and backward (working memory) tests, the trail making test part A (attention/processing speed) and part B (executive functioning), and the Stroop word color interference test (executive functioning), as well as clinical data from 40 patients in the subacute phase of COVID-19 were analyzed. We calculated the frequency of impairments in each cognitive measure, defined as a z-score of ≤−1.5 standard deviations below measure-specific age- and sex-adjusted norms.ResultsOf the participants, 72.5% (n = 29) had impairments in at least one cognitive domain. Impairment in executive function was the most frequent (64.9%), followed by impairments in processing speed/attention (52.5%) and working memory (42.5%). Age was inversely correlated with T scores in all cognitive function tests.ConclusionRegular examination of cognitive function is needed, especially in elderly individuals, regardless of the subjective symptom manifestations.

Background The Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study (KPOS) was established to investigate the determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Korean women. Methods We recruited 4,537 pregnant women between 2013 and 2017 from two tertiary centers located in Seoul, Korea, and a total of 4,195 Korean women met inclusion criteria in the baseline analysis. A range of data on socio-demographics, past medical histories, reproductive information, health-related behaviors, psychological health and clinical information were obtained using interviewer-based questionnaires and clinical assessment at 12, 24, and 36 gestational weeks (GW), delivery and 6-8 weeks postpartum. Blood samplings were performed at 12, 24 and 36 GW, and placental tissues were obtained after delivery. The main outcome of this study was pregnancy-related complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension, and screening positive for peripartum depression. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and a score of ≥10 indicated a positive screen for depression. Results Among 4,195 eligible pregnant women with a median age of 33.0 years, 3,565 (85.0%) pregnancy outcomes were available in this study, including 30 miscarriages, 16 stillbirths, and 3,519 deliveries. Mean gestational age was 38.8 GW, and mean birth weight was 3,236 gram. The prevalence of pregnancy complications of GDM, hypertensive disorders, and screening positive of depression during pregnancy and postpartum was 7.0%, 1.4%, 27.8%, and 16.6%, respectively. Conclusions We designed KPOS to identify the determinants of pregnancy-related outcomes, and it may provide effective strategies for the prevention of pregnancy complications in Korean pregnant women.

Aims and objectives This study aimed to compare anxiety, resilience, and depression between COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses and assess their effects on depression. Background Nurses working during the global pandemic are known to be physically and psychologically exhausted, and experience severe anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of studies comparing anxiety and depression between COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses. Design Descriptive research study. Methods This study was conducted on 64 nurses who directly worked for more than a month in a COVID‐19 unit of a general hospital with nationally designated negative‐pressure isolation beds and 64 nurses working in a non‐COVID‐19 unit. Data were collected through questionnaires and were analysed using SPSS 25.0. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Results Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in nurses working with patients suspected to have COVID‐19 rather than nurses working with confirmed COVID‐19 patients and non‐COVID‐19 patients. Resilience was significantly lower in suspected patient unit nurses than in COVID‐19 unit nurses. Anxiety was the major factor predicting depression in both COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses with 76.6%, 80.7%, and 63.6% explanatory power, respectively. Conclusions Among nurses working in COVID‐19 units, suspected patients unit nurses had higher depression than confirmed patients unit nurses due to an unsafe facility environment, insufficient personal protective equipment, and unknown conditions of the patients. Thus, interventions which have a high impact on depression need to be provided to relieve anxiety. Relevance to clinical practice The nursing organisation must provide comprehensive support including coordinated shifts, internal motivation, incentives, up‐to‐date information, and clear infection prevention guidelines to relieve anxiety caused by exhaustive workload, uncertainty of infectious diseases, and lack of human and material resources.

The cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme encoded by CYP2E1 plays an important role in the metabolism of organic compounds in mammalian liver cells. In this study, the plasmid pCAMBIA2300 harboring the rabbit CYP2E1 was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens; this was then transferred into internodes of Ardisia pusilla. Shoot primordia, whose appearance resembles that of the in vitro protocorm-like body of orchids, regenerated from 121 of 332 internodes that were cultured in selection medium supplemented with 5 mg·L−1 kanamycin. PCR analysis confirmed that 25 of 89 putative transgenic plants (28.0%) stably harbored the CYP2E1 and NPTII genes, and Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of one to three copies of CYP2E1 within the genome of the 25 transgenic plants. The mRNA expression of the transgene was confirmed in 12 of 25 CYP2E1-transgenic plants by Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of a 53-kDa recombinant rabbit CYP2E1 protein in the 12 CYP2E1-transgenic A. pusilla plants. The aniline 4-hydroxylase activity of rabbit CYP2E1 in nine CYP2E1-transgenic A. pusilla plants was higher than that in non-transgenic A. pusilla plants. There was a statistically significant increase (5.1–6.1-fold) in the toluene removal ability of the transgenic line CYP2E1-2–2 compared to that observed in wild-type Ardisia plants at different times after exogenous toluene exposure.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between insufficient sleep in the prenatal period and postpartum depression (PPD), and whether changes in sleep patterns during pregnancy increase the risk of PPD. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2013 and November 2017. Participants completed a sleep questionnaire pre-pregnancy and at 12, 24 and 36 gestational weeks (GW). Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 4 weeks postpartum, and the cut-off score for PPD was 10 or more. RESULTS Of 2512 participants, 410 (16.3%) were identified as having PPD. Only insufficient sleep at 36 GW was significantly associated with PPD after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.40-2.27, P

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an effective antibacterial agent and is used in dental treatment in several formulations. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of CHX solution and CHX gel on dental plaque inhibition and gingivitis relief by a randomized clinical trial. Thirty-eight participants were randomly divided into two groups: control group (0.12% CHX solution) and test group (1% CHX gel). Participants were provided with CHX products and were instructed to use each product in the morning and evening for 1 week. Clinical results were evaluated by analyzing the collected data of Turesky et al. the modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), gingival index (GI) and the BANA test. Measurements were conducted 4 weeks and 8 weeks after using chlorhexidine products. The results were analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-test. TQHPI and GI were significantly different after treatments in both groups (p < 0.001). The GI decreased more in the test group compared to the control group 4 weeks and 8 weeks later. In both groups, the BANA score also significantly decreased (p < 0.001) after 8 weeks, though the BANA score decreased relatively more in the CHX gel group than the CHX solution group. These results suggest that 1% CHX gel is more effective in reducing gingivitis and bacteria of periodontal disease than the 0.12% CHX solution. Therefore, the 1% CHX gel is expected to be actively used for non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease patients.

Background and Objective Hypnotics are widely prescribed for the treatment of insomnia; however, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered as a primary treatment. We checked ordinary sleep skills of insomnia patients and changes in sleep skills after CBT-I, and evaluated the difference in sleep skills between patients with and without need of hypnotics. Methods A total of 131 outpatients who had visited our sleep clinic with insomnia were recruited. Enrollment criteria included at least 12 weeks of insomnia periods, less than 16 in Beck Depression Inventory score, and agreement to receive 9 sessions of CBT-I for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of CBT-I, patients were divided into two groups: still in need and no need of hypnotics. Changes in sleep skills were compared between these groups. Results Sleep hygiene, sleep stimulus-control skills, and sleep Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were statistically improved after CBT-I (all, p < 0.001). Forty-six (35.1%) patients did not need hypnotics anymore; however, 85 (64.9%) still needed hypnotics after CBT-I. Sleep VAS (25.26 ± 8.52 vs. 32.64 ± 8.95, p < 0.001), practicing regular moderate exercise (3.67 ± 0.92 vs. 2.76 ± 1.06, p = 0.030), and having a relaxing bedtime routine (4.08 ± 0.55 vs. 2.76 ± 0.76, p < 0.001) were different in the two groups. Conclusions Among CBT-I skills, regular moderate exercise and a relaxing bedtime routine seem to be key components. For reducing chronic use of hypnotics, and better outcome of CBT-I, clinicians should focus more on these two components.

A new small-type pink-colored Phalaenopsis cultivar, ‘Tiny Bell’, was released by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (Korea) in 2018. ‘Tiny Bell’ was derived in 2010 from crossing P. ‘D07PN16’, multi-floral small-type cultivar with pink-colored flowers, and P. ‘D03PN22’, a small-type cultivar with light pink-colored flowers. In the preliminary selection stage in 2014, the cultivar known as ‘10531-53’ was chosen among 120 individual progenies, based on phenotypic standards such as flower color and shape, inflorescence number, and leaf attitude. The stability and uniformity of the cultivar was confirmed through the first and second characteristics tests from 2014 to 2018, and the cultivar was thereafter named ‘Tiny Bell’. ‘Tiny Bell’ has violet pink (RHS, PVGN80A) flowers with a white edge. The dimensions of the f lowers are 3.89 cm ( length) and 4.01 cm (width). T he i nf ol rescence type is a r aceme with m any flowers (19.7 blooms per inflorescence). The leaves of ‘Tiny Bell’ grow horizontally and are 13.1 cm in length and 5.26 cm in width. This new cultivar of Phalaenopsis ‘Tiny Bell’ is well suited as a small-sized potted orchid.

We report a new hybrid Cymbidium, ‘Aroma Pink,’ bred at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The hybrid was derived from the cross of C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’ and C. eburneum in 2000. After the artificial crossing, 120 seedlings were obtained through in vitro seed germination and seedling acclimatization in a greenhouse. Based on a number of characteristics, including flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth, three initial lines were selected. The first and second trials for characteristics were conducted from 2011 to 2016, confirming the stability and uniformity of the three lines, and one final line, coded ‘00-1174-100’, was selected as ‘Wongyuo F1-62’ and named ‘Aroma Pink.’ This hybrid is a medium-sized plant with white petals (WNN155D), light pink colored sepals (RP62D), and yellow lip (Y2B). The flower has an incurved shape and the dimensions are 6.1 cm (length) and 5.2 cm (width), making it a relatively compact flower. Overall, its shape and size resemble that of its female parent, but instead of a dark red lip, it has a yellow lip that is similar to the male parent, giving a bright overlook rather than an intense impression. Each plant has 2.9 stalks on average and 6.5 flowers attached on each stalk. Although the number of flowers is relatively less, the flower has a delicate fragrance that is similar to that of C. eburneum. In addition, the new hybrid has a stable shape with erect peduncle and less drooping leaves. ‘Aroma Pink’ begins to bloom from March, under normal cultivation and without the need of moving it to a high altitude area. Although the color of the flower can become blurred in high temperature during flowering season, this hybrid is easy to cultivate and manage.

The cultivar of the moon cactus, ‘Aul’, was bred by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 2016. To obtain ‘Aul’, the maternal line, ‘0809067’ with red and yellow colors, and the paternal line, ‘0828039’ with deep red color, were crossed on July 7, 2012. Until 2013, a young moon cactus was grafted twice onto the vine cactus, Hylocereus trigonus, in vitro and in vivo. The growth characteristics were surveyed three times from 2014 to 2016, according to the guidelines of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii of the Korea Seed and Variety Service. ‘Aul’ has a flat round shape, red skin (R44A), and average of 9.7 ribs. The spine on its body has a gray color. The spine grew on average to 3.0 mm in a straight shape. The shape of the tubercle on the rib was projecting. This cultivar was 46.9 mm in diameter, and produced 16.4 offsets on average, with red & yellow colors 10 months after planting. This cultivar symmetrically produced 1 or 2 offsets per rib. The preference score was 3.8 on a 5-point scale. On May 16, 2018, ‘Aul’ was registered (Registration No. 7195) and is now being protected by the Act on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.