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A prospective, quasi-experimental, clinical trial was performed to assess acute postoperative pain in healthy female dogs following elective ovariectomy by either laparoscopy (n=13) or laparotomy (n=14). Pain was assessed by both a veterinarian at the hospital, and by the owner once the patient was discharged. The Spanish version of the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measuring Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) was used. Pain scores were assessed by the veterinarian preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after extubation, whilst owner-assessed scores were performed preoperatively and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7. Data were compared with Mann-Whitney-U test. Veterinarian-assessed CMPS-SF scores were different between both groups at all postoperative times but not at baseline, being below 6/24 in all dogs in the laparoscopy group, but equal to or greater than 6/24 in the laparotomy group at 1 h (n=12), and 4 h (n=4) (P<0.001 and P=0.029, respectively). There were also differences in pain scores between both groups at 2 h (P=0.012) and 6 h (P=0.007), being below 6/24 in all of them. However, there were no differences in owner assessments between groups. In conclusion, ovariectomy performed by laparoscopy induced lower pain scores that were below the pain threshold set by the CMPS-SF during the first 6 h postoperatively. After discharge, and up to one week later, ongoing owner-assessed scores suggest no pain was induced with neither of the techniques. Owners were proactive allowing real-time pain assessment to be reported. The development and validation of instruments for acute pain assessment by owners is warranted, as these tools are currently lacking., Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Veterinaria), Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MSR, MFR, AGS, DA, MCME, JER and GOD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MFR and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript., Mastectomy is a common and painful procedure in dogs. Wound soaker catheters (WSC) are frequently used to reduce postoperative pain, including pain after mastectomy. The objectives of this case series were to describe the use of WSC for owner administration of postoperative local analgesia in dogs with mammary tumors treated surgically, to identify complications associated with WSC and to determine the frequency of bacterial colonization of the catheters. Twelve WSC were placed in 11 dogs during mastectomy surgery, left in place for three days, protected by a dressing and successfully managed by owners at home. No postoperative antibiotics were administered. No complications were identified in any cases. No bacterial growth was identified on bacteriological analysis of the twelve WSC. These results suggest that the use of WSC is a safe alternative for postoperative analgesia administration following mastectomy in dogs. Future studies comparing dogs with or without WSC with a larger number of dogs are needed to further evaluate efficacy and complications., Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Veterinaria), Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MFR, GLS, AAA, ASL, EMM, MSR, EVF and GOD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MFR and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript., Exocrine pancreatic carcinomas are rarely reported in dogs. A ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a 10-year-old intact beagle is described in this report. The diagnosis was made based on clinical signs, imaging (abdominal ultrasound and CT scan) and histopathology. Treatment consisted of partial right lobe pancreatectomy followed by adjuvant therapy with toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) and firocoxib (Previcox®) for six months. The treatment was well tolerated, and the survival time was 445 days. To our knowledge, this is the longest survival reported in the literature for a dog diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The results described here may contribute to provide a better understanding about this neoplasia and potential treatment options., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

2023 Descuento MDPI, Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer in dogs serving as a valuable animal model for its human counterpart, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), both lacking effective therapies. Intratumoral immunotherapy (IT-IT) with empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) nanoparticles has shown promising results, demonstrating a reduction in tumor size, longer survival rates, and improved quality of life. This study compares the transcriptomic profiles of tumor samples from female dogs with IMC receiving eCPMV IT-IT and medical therapy (MT) versus MT alone. Transcriptomic analyses, gene expression profiles, signaling pathways, and cell type profiling of immune cell populations in samples from four eCPMV-treated dogs with IMC and four dogs with IMC treated with MT were evaluated using NanoString Technologies using a canine immune-oncology panel. Comparative analyses revealed 34 differentially expressed genes between treated and untreated samples. Five genes (CXCL8, S100A9, CCL20, IL6, and PTGS2) involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were upregulated in the treated samples, linked to the IL17-signaling pathway. Cell type profiling showed a significant increase in neutrophil populations in the tumor microenvironment after eCPMV treatment. These findings highlight the role of neutrophils in the anti-tumor response mediated by eCPMV IT-IT and suggest eCPMV as a novel therapeutic approach for IBC/IMC., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Tecnología (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Depto. de Producción Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

The lack of optimal models to evaluate novel agents is delaying the development of effective immunotherapies against human breast cancer (BC). In this prospective open label study, we applied neoadjuvant intratumoral immunotherapy with empty cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (eCPMV) to 11 companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. We found that two neoadjuvant intratumoral eCPMV injections resulted in tumor reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of injected dogs. Tumor reduction was independent of clinical stage, tumor size, histopathologic grade, and tumor molecular subtype. RNA-seq-based analysis of injected tumors indicated a decrease in DNA replication activity and an increase in activated dendritic cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated significant intratumoral increases in neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, and plasma cells. eCPMV intratumoral immunotherapy demonstrated antitumor efficacy without any adverse effects. This novel immunotherapy has the potential for improving outcomes for human BC patients.

Low Level Laser Therapy – LLLT (terapia láser de bajo nivel), denominada en castellano como Terapia Láser (TL), es una modalidad de tratamiento médico no invasivo, versátil, libre de fármacos y seguro que puede llegar a ser de gran valor tanto en medicina humana como veterinaria. En veterinaria se trata de una técnica médica reciente en la que se centran actualmente varios estudios y que poco a poco tiene mayor cabida y aceptación en la práctica clínica.El modo de actuación de este método terapéutico parte de los cromóforos celulares, como son el agua, la hemoglobina y la citocromo-c-oxidasa entre otros, que absorben la energía de la luz láser. Esto da lugar a una mejora de la eficiencia de la cadena respiratoria, que conduce a un aumento de la síntesis de ATP, así como especies de oxígeno reactivas (ROS). Además, puede tener lugar una cascada de efectos secundarios como la síntesis de ADN y ARN, activación de fibroblastos, macrófagos y linfocitos, liberación de factores de crecimiento, liberación de neurotransmisores, vasodilatación y síntesis de colágeno..., Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), referred to as “Terapia Láser” (TL) in Spanish, is a non-invasive, versatile, drug-free and safe medical treatment modality that can be of great value in both human as well as veterinary medicine. In veterinary science, several studies are currently focusing on this recent medical technique which, step by step, has gained importance and acceptance in clinical practice.This therapeutic method’s course of action is based on cellular chromophores, such as water, hemoglobin and cytochrome-c-oxidase, among others, which absorb laser light. This results in an improvement in the efficiency of the respiratory chain, which leads to an increase in the synthesis of ATP, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, a cascade of secondary effects such as DNA and RNA synthesis, activation of fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes, release of growth factors, release of neurotransmitters, vasodilation and collagen synthesis can take place...

Low Level Laser Therapy – LLLT (terapia láser de bajo nivel), denominada en castellano como Terapia Láser (TL), es una modalidad de tratamiento médico no invasivo, versátil, libre de fármacos y seguro que puede llegar a ser de gran valor tanto en medicina humana como veterinaria. En veterinaria se trata de una técnica médica reciente en la que se centran actualmente varios estudios y que poco a poco tiene mayor cabida y aceptación en la práctica clínica.El modo de actuación de este método terapéutico parte de los cromóforos celulares, como son el agua, la hemoglobina y la citocromo-c-oxidasa entre otros, que absorben la energía de la luz láser. Esto da lugar a una mejora de la eficiencia de la cadena respiratoria, que conduce a un aumento de la síntesis de ATP, así como especies de oxígeno reactivas (ROS). Además, puede tener lugar una cascada de efectos secundarios como la síntesis de ADN y ARN, activación de fibroblastos, macrófagos y linfocitos, liberación de factores de crecimiento, liberación de neurotransmisores, vasodilatación y síntesis de colágeno...