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Objective To study the bone mineral density (BMD) and 25 (OH) VD level in male patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Methods Twenty male patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, who were hospitalized in the osteoporosis department from January 2010 to August 2014, aging from 27 to 47 years old (35±6 years), were selected as research group 1. Twenty male patients with large amount of alcohol intake but no osteonecrosis of the femoral head, who were collected in the osteoporosis outpatient department, inpatient, or physical examination center at the same time, aging from 23 to 48 years old (36±8 years), were selected as research group 2. Twenty male patients without alcohol intake and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, who were also collected in the osteoporosis outpatient department, inpatient, or physical examination center at the same time aging from 24 to 48 years old (36±7 years), were selected as control group. The BMD of L1-L4, the hip (neck, Torch, and Ward's region was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, HOLOGIC, USA). The height, weight, and the serum AST, ALT, BUN, CRE, and 25(OH) VD were also tested. BMD and levels of 25(OH) VD among the groups were compared. Results The BMD and 25(OH) VD levels were statistically different among the groups (p < 0. 05). Among them, BMD and 25 (OH) VD levels in the alcohol intake patients were lower than those in the control group (p < 0. 05). BMD and 25 (OH) VD levels of patients with alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were much lower than those in the patients with large amount of alcohol intake but no osteonecrosis of the femoral head (p < 0. 05). Conclusion Large amount of alcohol intake induces low BMD and 25 (OH) VD deficiency. Both low BMD and 25 (OH) VD deficiency are risk factors of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace element levels are associated with the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, but related mechanisms remain unknown. Trace elements may interfere with growth, development and maintenance of bones. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma trace element levels are associated with bone mineral density in elderly males in Beijing. After epidemiologically investigating 91 elderly males with age ranging from 50 years to 80 years, we obtained a total of 30 healthy (group 1), 31 osteopoenic (group 2) and 30 osteoporotic (group 3) subjects. Blood was collected, and serum concentrations of trace elements were detected. Elderly males in the three groups were carefully matched in terms of body mass index. Iron, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, cadmium and lead were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by QDR-2000 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Correlation between BMD and serum element contents was analysed using SPSS16.0. The plasma levels of manganese, zinc, copper, selenium and lead were similar in all of the groups (P>0.05). Cadmium was significantly and negatively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (P<0.05). Moreover, cadmium and iron contents significantly differed in osteoporotic and healthy groups. These elements may directly and correlatively affect BMD in elderly males. Many trace elements may directly and correlatively influence BMD. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate serum and bone levels of these trace elements to determine the relationship of these trace elements with osteoporosis.