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Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe mental illness but access is limited for patients lacking consent capacity. We aimed to compare the symptomatic, cognitive, quality of life (QOL) and functional outcomes of patients with and without capacity receiving ECT for schizophrenia, depression or mania. Methods : Patients prescribed ECT in a single center had their clinical outcomes pre and post ECT compared with repeated measures ANOVAs. Differences in demographic, clinical characteristics and ECT treatment between the group lacking and having capacity were examined using independent t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Results : 75.1% of 175 patients lacked capacity. The group lacking capacity had overall poorer cognitive and global functioning pre ECT but higher QOL. Objective psychiatric symptom ratings after ECT improved similarly between groups. Mood, cognition, QOL and function improved in both groups, with more improvement in mood and function in the group lacking capacity and a trend towards greater cognitive improvement (p = 0.051). Limitations : Subgroup analysis by diagnosis was not done due to smaller sample sizes in each group. Cognition was assessed with a general screening instrument not a full neuropsychological assessment. Conclusions : ECT is a safe and effective treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar mania and depression, and may provide similar or greater benefits in patients lacking capacity to consent, compared to those with capacity. These results support the provision of a framework for substitute decision making in the patients’ best interests for ECT in patients unable to provide their own consent.

Ligands play a critical role in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) based on heterogeneous molecular catalysts. Previous research on heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysis has mainly dealt with N4 ligands with pyrrole as subunits (porphyrin, phthalocyanine, etc.), while ligands constructed from pyridine subunits remain uncommon. The examples for comparing active configurations are few and far between. Herein, the development of new N4 cobalt complexes based on pyridine subunits is explored. After anchoring onto carbon nanotubes, they can exhibit CO2RR activity at a low overpotential of 140 mV, and high activity from -0.30 to -0.60 V versus reference hydrogen electrode with a selectivity of above 98%. Excellent performance at large current densities can also be observed in a flow cell. In situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proves that such electrocatalysts exhibit CO production at lower overpotential and moderate CO adsorption ability over a wide potential range. From density functional theory calculations, it is shown that a pyridine-based cobalt complex on a carbon substrate can reduce the Gibbs free energy for reactions further than its counterpart pyrrole-based ones. Further analysis proves that the semimetal behavior of optimized d-orbitals may facilitate charge transfer and increase the activity. This provides a new insight for understanding catalytically active moieties in heterogeneous molecular catalysts with ligands constructed from pyridine subunits. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) National Research Foundation (NRF) This project was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the academic research fund AcRF tier 1 (M4012076 RG118/18), Ministry of Education, Singapore, AME Individual Research Grant (Grant number: A1983c0026), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.

A narrow linewidth electro-optically tuned multi-channel interference (MCI) widely tunable semiconductor laser based on carrier injection is demonstrated in this paper. The MCI laser with a common phase section and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is packaged into a 16-pin butterfly box. The laser is characterized by a strategy: shifting the longitudinal mode and then aligning the reflection peak, which obtains a quasi-continuous tuning range over 48 nm. The corresponding side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) are higher than 40 dB and frequency deviations from ITU-grid are less than ± 1 GHz. Threshold currents are less than 28 mA. Fiber coupled output powers are higher than 20 mW and power variations with fixed gain and SOA currents are less than 0.8 dB over the whole tuning range. Lorentzian linewidths are less than 320 kHz over the entire tuning range, which is one of the lowest results for monolithic widely tunable semiconductor lasers tuned by carrier injection. These results demonstrate the potential prospects of the MCI laser with carrier injection in the field of optical sensing and optical communications.

Optical Phase Arrays (OPAs) are expected to be an ideal solution to achieve beam shaping, laser radar (LIDAR), free-space optical communications, and spatially resolved optical sensors, etc. We demonstrated a low-power consumption 32-channel OPA with non-uniformly spaced waveguides based on InP substrate. The phase shifters are based on a p-i-n structure which are operated with reverse bias and have a low power consumption. Besides, in order to improve the performance especially to obtain larger steering angle and narrower beam divergence without increasing the number of channels, we have optimized the spacing between the output waveguides. The fabricated OPA achieved a steering angle of 35° with the side lobe suppression ratio more than 8.2 dB across the angle range from -20° to 20° in the far field, which is the largest phase tuning steering angle reported by InP-based OPAs as far as we know. The divergence angle is about 0.46° in the phase steering dimension and the power consumption of the OPA at each steering angle is lower than 7.5 mW.

Cylindrical vector (CV) beams are highly desirable for wide applications ranging from manipulation to communications. Despite diverse schemes of CV beam emitters, the efficient generation of vector...

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators are expected to be an ideal solution to achieve a super-wide modulation bandwidth needed by the next-generation optical communication system. To improve the performance, especially to reduce the driving voltage, we have carried out a detailed design of the TFLN push-pull modulator by calculating 2D maps of the optical losses and V

Cognitive remediation (CR) is a learning-based intervention that aims to address the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, which largely accounts for poor functional outcomes. Studies to understand the neurobiological adaptations after CR, especially on a network scale, have now emerged. We aim to provide an up-to-date review of neuroimaging studies of CR in schizophrenia, by conducting a systematic search of the electronic database till September 2018 to identify studies that included an active patient control group and a sample size of at least ten subjects per group. Eleven studies (four task-based fMRI, four resting-state fMRI, one diffusion tensor imaging, and one structural MRI) were identified, with a majority adopting a brain region-of-interest approach. The outcomes of the findings were largely positive, with most studies observing a group-by-time effect, and an association between brain changes and cognitive improvements. The synthesis of findings to identify common CR-evoked brain changes is hampered by the small number of studies till date and the high variability in CR approach, for instance, the domains of cognition targeted, presence of therapist, duration of CR, and environment in which CR is carried out. While the current findings demonstrate that CR can remodel the neurocircuitries in schizophrenia regardless of the phase of illness, the clinical utility of using neuroimaging markers to predict CR response will hinge on continued work to concurrently identify the active ingredients of CR and neuroimaging tools that can reliably detect subtle CR-led brain changes.

Heterogeneous molecular catalysts have attracted considerable attention as carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) electrocatalysts. The π-electron system of conjugated ligands in molecular catalysts may play an important role in determining the activity. In this work, by enlarging π-conjugation through appending more aromatic substituents on the porphyrin ligand, altered π-electron system endows the as-prepared 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)porphyrin CoII with high Faradaic efficiency (ca. 95 %) for CO production, as well as high turnover frequency (2.1 s-1 at -0.6 V vs. RHE). Density functional theory calculation further suggests that the improved electrocatalytic performance mainly originates from the higher proportion of Co dz2 orbital and the CO2 π* orbital in the HOMO of the (Co-porphyrin-CO2 )- intermediate with larger π-conjugation, which facilitates the CO2 activation. This work provides strong evidence that π-conjugation perturbation is effective in boosting the CO2 RR. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) National Research Foundation (NRF) This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the academic research fund AcRF tier1 (M4012076RG118/18), Ministry of Education, Singapore, and AME Individual Research Grant (Grant A1983c0026), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR).

The genus Macromotettixoides Zheng, Wei & Jiang, 2005 is reviewed. Four new species of the genus, M. daiyunshanensis Deng, sp. nov., M. curvicarina Deng, sp. nov., M. convexa Deng, sp. nov. and M. shengtangshanensis Deng, sp. nov. are described with detailed illustrations of external morphology. Two new synonyms are established: M. jinggangshanensis, syn. nov. is synonymized with M. jiuwanshanensis Zheng, Wei & Jiang, 2005; M. parvula Zha & Wen, 2017, syn. nov. is synonymized with M. undulatifemura Deng, Zheng & Yang, 2012. Additionally, an updated key to species of the genus is given.

We calculated $\mathrm{V}_{\pi}$ and light loss for different electrode gap and waveguide depth for x-cut TFLN modulators. Then we fabricated modulators which have shown the lowest $\mathrm{V}_{\pi}\mathrm{L}$ among similar modulators as far as we know. © 2020 The Author(s)

We designed and fabricated two-dimensional optical beam steering chip based on X-cut LNOI wafer. The device can achieve a maximum angle of 18° in the phase tuning dimension with about 10 dB side lobe suppression ratio.

An easily manufacturable oxide-aperture ridge-waveguide GaAs/AlGaAs DFB laser has been demonstrated with first-order surface-gratings shallowly etched into the ridge. Uncoated devices exhibit threshold-current of 10 mA and SMSR>40 dB. Stable single-mode operation has been observed over the temperature range from 10 to 50 °C.

We present 1.3pm regrowth-free directly-modulated DBR lasers based on V-shaped slotted surface-gratings through standard photolithography. The fabricated laser has achieved the threshold-current ~12mA, SMSR ~50dB from 0°c to 50°c and 3-dB bandwidth ~12GHz.