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Phenolics were extracted from the by-products (leaves, green leafy covers, shells, branches and seed coats) of the hybrid hazelnut Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × Corylus avellana L. using four different polar solvents (water, methanol, 80% ethanol and ethyl acetate) and their antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in vitro. The phenolics were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The leaf and branch extracts showed stronger antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro than the extracts from green leafy covers, shells and seed coats. The biological activities were largely correlated with total phenols and proanthocyanidins in the by-products of hazelnut. The methanol extract of hazelnut branches had the highest content of total phenols (calculated as gallic acid equivalent per dry mass) and procyanidins (calculated as proanthocyanidin equivalent per dry mass), which were (37.13 ± 0.22) and (2.27 ± 0.04) mg/g, respectively. The content of total flavonoids (calculated as rutin equivalent per dry mass) in the 80% ethanol extract of hazelnut leaves was the highest, which was (18.21 ± 1.37) mg/g. For each plant part, the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in the ethyl acetate extract were lower than those in the other solvent extract, but the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the activities of α-amylase and lipoxygenase significantly (P < 0.05). The ethyl acetate extract of green leafy covers had the best inhibitory effect on α-amylase, while the ethyl acetate extract of leaves showed the strongest inhibitory activity on lipoxygenase. According to UPLC-MS analysis, the majority of phenolic compounds in hybrid hazelnut by-products were flavonoids along with many bioactive compounds such as terpenes, alkaloids, lignans and organic acids. Bioactive ingredients in hybrid hazelnut by-products have the potential to be used in functional foods or pharmaceuticals.

The adsorption method can effectively remove a variety of pollutants in industrial wastewater， and the performance of adsorbent determines the treatment efficiency of the adsorption method. In order to find an adsorbent with high efficiency， low consumption， low cost and green safety， hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared by coprecipitation method. Mg(II) ions were introduced by adding mixed solutions of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and Mg(NO3)2·6H2 O with different molar ratios， and then the Mg-HAP-HA composite adsorbent was prepared by adding humic acid (HA) according to different mass ratios. The microstructures of HA， Mg-HAP (in a molar ratio of 0.2) and two Mg-HAPHA adsorbents with different mass ratios were characterized by SEM， FT-IR and XRD. The effects of material ratio， pH value， initial concentration of adsorbate， adsorption time， temperature and dosage of adsorbent on the adsorption rate of Pb(II) were investigated. Results showed that when the dosage of Mg-HAP-HA14 composite adsorbent was 0.06 g， the initial concentration of Pb(II) was 1 200 mg/L， the volume of Pb(II) solution was 50 mL， the pH of the solution was 6， the temperature was 35 ℃， and the adsorption time was 60 min， the adsorption rate of Mg-HAP-HA14 for Pb(II) was 98.51%， and the adsorption capacity could reach 985.1 mg/g. After desorption and regeneration， the adsorption of Mg-HAP-HA14 composite adsorbent for Pb(II) could be recycled twice， and the adsorption rate was 43.97%. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order dynamic model， with the chemical adsorption as the main adsorption form.

We have derived the tensor amplitudes for partial wave analysis of ψ → Δ Δ ¯ , Δ → p π within the helicity frame, as well as the amplitudes for the other decay sequences with same final states. These formulae are practical for the experiments measuring ψ decaying into p p ¯ π + π − final states, such as BESIII with its recently collected huge J / ψ and ψ (2 S) data samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyester‐based electrolytes formed via in situ polymerization, have been regarded as one of the most promising solid electrolyte systems. Nevertheless, it is still a great challenge to address the issue of their high reactivity with metallic lithium anode by optimizing the components and properties of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a new class of N‐containing additive, isopropyl nitrate (ISPN) that can be miscible with ester solvents is demonstrated, and a chemically stable and ion‐conductive LiF‐Li3N composite SEI is constructed. In addition, ISPN can induce the formation of anion‐enriched solvation structures and reduces the desolvation barrier of Li+, resulting in fast transport of Li+. With the addition of ISPN, ionic conductivity of the electrolyte has nearly doubled, reaching as high as 5.3 × 10−4 S cm−1. What's more, the LiFePO4 (LFP)|ISPN‐PTA|Li cell exhibits exceptional cycle stability and fast charging capabilities, maintaining stable cycling for 850 cycles at 10 C rate. Even when paired with the high‐voltage cathode, the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622)|ISPN‐PTA|Li cell achieves an impressive capacity retention of 97.59% after 165 cycles at 5 C. This study offers a novel approach for ester‐based polymer electrolytes, paving the way toward the development of stable and high‐energy Li metal battery technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlocking the full potential of mRNA immunotherapy necessitates targeted delivery to specific cell subsets in the spleen. Four‐component lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) utilized in numerous clinical trials are primarily limited in hepatocyte and muscular targeting, highlighting the imperative demand for targeted and simplified non‐liver mRNA delivery systems. Herein, we report the rational design of one‐component ionizable cationic lipids to selectively deliver mRNA to the spleen and T cells with high efficacy. Unlike the tertiary amine‐based ionizable lipids involved in LNPs, the proposed cationic lipids rich in secondary amines can efficiently deliver mRNA both in vitro and in vivo as the standalone carriers. Furthermore, these vectors facilitate efficacious mRNA delivery to the T cell subsets following intravenous administration, demonstrating substantial potential for advancing immunotherapy applications. This straightforward strategy extends the utility of lipid family for extrahepatic mRNA delivery, offering new insights into vector development beyond LNPs to further the field of precise mRNA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is regarded as a promising solid electrolyte due to its high Li+ conductivity and excellent chemical stability, but suffers from grain boundary resistance and porous structure which restrict its practical applications in lithium–metal batteries. Herein, a novel and highly efficient TiO2‐induced conversion strategy is proposed to generate Li ion‐conductive Li0.5La0.5TiO3, which can simultaneously eliminate the pre‐existing pores/voids and contamination Li2CO3. The Li/LLZTO‐5TiO2/Li symmetric cell exhibits a high critical current density of 1.1 mA cm−2 at 25°C, and the long‐term lithium cycling stability of over 1500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. More importantly, the excellent performance of LLZTO‐5TiO2 electrolyte is verified by LiCoO2/LiFePO4 coupled full cells. For example, The LiCoO2 coupled full cell exhibits a significant discharge rate capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and a discharge capacity retention rate of 91.23% even after 150 cycles of charge and discharge. COMSOL Multiphysics and density functional theory calculation reveal that LLZTO‐5TiO2 electrolyte has a strong lithium affinity and uniform Li ions distribution, which can improve the cycle stability of Li–metal batteries by preventing dendrite growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur(VI)‐fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry, an all‐encompassing term for substitution events that replace fluoride at an electrophilic sulfur(VI), enables the rapid and flexible assembly of linkages around a SVI core. Although a myriad of nucleophiles and applications works very well with the SuFEx concept, the electrophile design has remained largely SO2‐based. Here, we introduce S≡N‐based fluorosulfur(VI) reagents to the realm of SuFEx chemistry. Thiazyl trifluoride (NSF3) gas is shown to serve as an excellent parent compound and SuFEx hub to efficiently synthesize mono‐ and disubstituted fluorothiazynes in an ex situ generation workflow. Gaseous NSF3 was evolved from commercial reagents in a nearly quantitative fashion at ambient conditions. Moreover, the mono‐substituted thiazynes could be extended further as SuFEx handles and be engaged in the synthesis of unsymmetrically disubstituted thiazynes. These results provide valuable insights into the versatility of these understudied sulfur functionalities paving the way for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and general protocol has been developed for preparing imidazo[1,5- a ]pyridines in moderate to excellent yields by an I2-mediated sequential dual oxidative C(sp3)–H amination of ethyl pyridin-2-ylacetates with benzylamines. The metal- and peroxide-free reaction involves oxidative dehydrogenation and two C–N couplings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly efficient and selective C(sp3)–S bond cross‐coupling method for the synthesis of 9‐thiolated fluorenes through a direct thiolation at 9‐C(sp3)–H of fluorenes with thiols is described. This reaction occurs at ambient conditions and shows good tolerance of functional groups including arylthiols and alkylthiols. A wide range of products is obtained in moderate to good yields. Besides, the reaction of benzothiophenol and fluorine generates unexpected 9‐benzylidene‐9H‐fluorene by eliminating hydrogen sulfide. A highly efficient and selective C(sp3)–S bond cross‐coupling method for the synthesis of 9‐thiolated fluorenes through a direct thiolation at 9‐C(sp3)–H of fluorenes with thiols is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ fabricated polyether electrolytes have been regarded as one of the most promising solid electrolyte systems. Nevertheless, they cannot match high-voltage cathodes over 4.3 V due to their poor oxidative stability. Herein, we propose an effective local charge homogenization strategy based on the triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) crosslinker, achieving ultra-high-voltage electrochemical stability of polyether electrolytes (viz. PTIDOL) at cutoff voltages up to 4.7 V. The introduction of TGIC optimizes the Li + solvation environment, thereby homogenizing the charge distribution at ether oxygen (EO) sites, resulting in significantly enhanced oxidative stability of the polyether main chain. Consequently, the Li|PTIDOL|LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) cell achieves long-term operation at an ultra-high cutoff voltage with a capacity retention of 81.8% after 400 cycles, one of the best results reported for polyether electrolytes to date. This work provides significant insights for the development of polyether electrolytes with high-voltage tolerance and the advancement of high-energy-density batteries., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Herein we report a novel methodology for the ex situ generation of SF 5 Cl by employing 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide as a safe commercial reagent, obviating the need for lecture bottles. The method is applicable to certain SF 5 Cl-involving transformations by using a two-chamber reactor. Moreover, easily applying SF 5 Cl in different solvents is rendered feasible, while avoiding the use of glovebox techniques. This report also suggests 1 H- 19 F HOESY as a simple and fast stereochemistry indication for chloropentafluorosulfanylated olefins.

The title compound, C 10 H 14 BrN 5 O 2 S, is the bromo-benzene-sulfonamide derivative of the type 2 diabetes drug metformin. The asymmetric unit contains two mol-ecules with almost identical conformations but a different orientation of the bromo-phenyl moiety. Both mol-ecules exhibit intra-molecular N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol-ecular packing features chain formation in the a -axis direction by alternating N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O inter-actions. In addition, ring motifs consisting of four mol-ecules and π-π inter-actions between the phenyl rings contribute to the three-dimensional architecture. A Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the largest contributions to surface contacts arise from contacts in which H atoms are involved., (© Su et al. 2023.)

The sarcoma virus oncogene (Src) tyrosine kinase, a nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in cell survival, migration, differentiation and proliferation. The study of Src has developed considerably since it was first discovered as a proto-oncogene. Src has also been associated with inflammation and bone-related diseases. Src inhibitors (bosutinib, ponatinib, dasatinib, and vandetanib) have been put into clinical use. However, their side effects and cardiovascular toxicity may be a concern. There is an urgent need to explore new Src inhibitors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has a vast history, can provide a broad resource base. Many natural compounds and TCM extracts have the potential for anti-Src treatment. This article describes the natural compounds and extracts from TCM., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)