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Respiratory viruses are among the most common causes of human infections. Examining pathological processes linked to respiratory viral infections is essential for diagnosis, treatment strategies, and developing novel therapeutics. Alterations in oxidative stress levels and homeostasis are significant processes associated with respiratory viral infections. The study aimed to compare selected oxidative stress markers: total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in normal (MRC5 cell line) and tumor (A549 cell line) lung cells infected with human coronaviruses (HCoV) OC43 and 229E, human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5), or human rhinovirus A (HRV A). We observed that a respiratory viral infection more significantly affected non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers in a lung adenocarcinoma model (A549 cells), while human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) presented changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers. We suggest that further detailed research is required to analyze this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a gastrointestinal condition characterized by abnormal colonization of bacteria in the small intestine, leading to overgrowth and alteration, which is linked to gastrointestinal issues, potentially affecting neurological and mental health. Despite existing research, we still do not understand how SIBO affects tryptophan metabolism and psychiatric diseases. We investigated the literature for connections between SIBO, tryptophan metabolism disruptions, and psychiatric disorders like autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. We also explored the interaction between thyroid disorders and their influence on SIBO and psychiatric illnesses. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords and phrases, individual and in combinations, like "SIBO," "gut microbiota," "neurologic disorders," "mental disorders," "tryptophan," "dopamine," and "thyroid disease." We focused on original research and review papers that presented empirical studies conducted on animal models and human subjects published in English between February 1992 to February 2023. The initial 2 634 534 records were preliminary screened based on title and abstract and then subjected to full-text review to exclude publications with insufficient data on SIBO, lack of a psychiatric disorder component, or methodological limitations compromising the integrity of the findings. The analysis highlights the significance of the association between psychiatric disorders and SIBO, emphasizing the role of gut-microbial diversity in mental health. We advocate for more detailed studies, including longitudinal research, to clarify the causal relationships between SIBO, gut dysbiosis, and psychiatric disorders and for an integrated approach while treating complex psychiatric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant global health challenges. Despite extensive research efforts, the inflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 remains to be further explored and understood. Our study aims to examine the changes in serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory adipokines—visfatin and leptin—in COVID-19 patients in relation to a healthy control group. Patients/Materials/Subjects and Methods: The study consisted of forty COVID-19 patients and twenty-four healthy patients in the control group. Two serum samples were collected: upon admission and on the seventh day of hospitalization. Concentrations of visfatin and leptin in the serum, alongside routine biochemical parameters, were measured using enzyme immunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess normality. Differences between independent groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA. Correlations were evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Our findings revealed significantly lower visfatin levels in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group upon admission (4.29 ng/mL, (3.0–6.88 ng/mL) vs. 37.16 ng/mL (24.74–50.12 ng/mL), p < 0.001 for visfatin 1 and 52.05 ng/mL, (31.2–69.66 ng/mL) vs. 37.16 ng/mL (24.74–50.12 ng/mL), p = 0.048 for visfatin 2). The visfatin level of COVID-19 patients returned to the normal levels, established in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in leptin levels between the two groups (p = 0.270 for leptin 1 and p = 0.129 for leptin 2). There was a positive correlation between BMI and leptin concentration (r = 0.66 and p = 0.00). Moreover, it was discovered that COVID-19 independently reduces visfatin levels during the first day of illness. Conclusions: The results of our research suggest that the onset of COVID-19 infection is correlated to visfatin levels. Association with leptin levels remains inconclusive. Further research is imperative to elucidate the intricate role of visfatin and leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent worldwide cause of adult population disabilities. The study evaluated the effects of a 21-day individual rehabilitation exercise training program focused on improving patients' functional capacity. The study analyzed the changes in irisin, chemerin, and BDNF serum levels in 36 OA patients subjected to an individually-adjusted rehabilitation program 90 days after surgical hip or knee replacement. The changes in irisin, chemerin, and BDNF serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A 21-day individual rehabilitation exercise training program significantly increased irisin and BDNF, and decreased chemerin serum levels. The presented study indicates that individually-adjusted exercise training is an important modulator influencing serum levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory factors, leading to positive clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis therapy. Selected factors are considered potential markers of various pathophysiological conditions. The presented study brings new details to the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ileal transposition procedure (IT), in combination with sleeve gastrectomy, is widely used to induce diabetes remission and to control related metabolic abnormalities. A transposition of a long segment of distal ileum in obese Zucker rats improved glucose tolerance 6 months after IT. The premise of our study was to to examine the long - term effects of ileum transposition on the liver glycolytic enzymes content in a euglycemic group of operated Zucker rats. Methods: Twenty male Zucker rats underwent either the transposition of 50% distal ileum or a sham surgery. Six months after surgery, liver tissue concentrations of glycogen synthase kinase alpha (GSK-3α), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6PC), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) and HSP70 were assessed by immunoenzymatic methods. Results: HSP70 values were significantly higher in the IT group compared to SHAM. G6PC liver concentrations in the IT group were almost 1.45-fold lower than in the SHAM operated rats. Statistical analyses (F-test) showed HSP70 levels were significantly related to caveolin-1and SHAM group. Conclusions: Lowered glycolytic enzyme concentrations assessed in the liver suggest positive effects on glucose metabolism in long-term observations.