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Purpose: To report the technique and outcome of subscapularis (SSC) lengthening in shoulder arthroplasty., Procedure: When external rotation measures less than 20 degrees, a coronal subscapularis lengthening is performed. This utilizes the interval between the anterior shoulder capsule and subscapularis to titrate the correct amount of anatomic length., Results: Average preoperative passive ER was -2 degrees. Average postoperative ER was 48 degrees. Belly press was graded as normal in 13 pts, mild in 12 pts, and poor in 2 pts., Conclusion: Subscapularis tendon lengthening provides a large surface area for tendon healing and allows anatomic length to be restored. Subscapularis lengthening may preserve a better length-tension relationship of the SSC muscle in shoulders with significant IR contracture undergoing shoulder arthroplasty., (2010 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Thrombus development in mouse mesenteric vessels following laser-induced injury was monitored by high-resolution, near-real-time, two-photon, intravital microscopy. In addition to the use of fluorescently tagged fibrin(ogen) and platelets, plasma was labeled with fluorescently tagged dextran. Because blood cells exclude the dextran in the single plane, blood cells appear as black silhouettes. Thus, in addition to monitoring the accumulation of platelets and fibrin in the thrombus, the protocol detects the movement and incorporation of unlabeled cells in and around it. The developing thrombus perturbs the blood flow near the thrombus surface, which affects the incorporation of platelets and blood cells into the structure. The hemodynamic effects and incorporation of blood cells lead to the development of thrombi with heterogeneous domain structures. Additionally, image processing algorithms and simulations were used to quantify structural features of developing thrombi. This analysis suggests a novel mechanism to stop the growth of developing thrombus.