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Resumen Objetivo El objetivo principal de la investigacion fue analizar la especificidad y sensibilidad de la escala COMFORT Behavior Scale-Version espanola (CBS-ES) en la determinacion del grado de dolor, sedacion y sindrome de abstinencia. Metodo Se llevo a cabo un estudio observacional, analitico y transversal y multicentrico en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediatricas de 5 hospitales espanoles. Se valoro el grado de sedacion del paciente critico pediatrico de forma simultanea empleando para ello la CBS-ES y registrando los valores del Bispectral Index Sedation, una vez por turno durante un dia. El grado de abstinencia se determino una vez por turno, durante 3 dias, empleando de forma simultanea la CBS-ES y la Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 261 pacientes criticos pediatricos con una mediana de 1,61 anos (P25: 0,35-P75: 6,55). Por lo que a la capacidad predictiva de la CBS-ES se refiere se obtuvo un area bajo la curva de 0,84 (sensibilidad del 81% y especificidad del 76%) con relacion al dolor; de 0,62 (sensibilidad del 27% y especificidad del 78%) en el caso de la sedacion, y de 0,73 (sensibilidad del 40% y especificidad del 74%) en el del sindrome de abstinencia. Conclusiones Se ha podido contrastar que la CBS-ES podria ser un instrumento sensible, util y facil de emplear para valorar el grado de dolor, sedacion y sindrome de abstinencia farmacologico del paciente critico pediatrico.

Research question What is the intra- and inter-centre reliability in embryo grading performed according to the Istanbul Consensus across several IVF clinics? Design Forty Day 3 embryos and 40 blastocysts were photographed on three focal planes. Senior and junior embryologists from 65 clinics were invited to grade them according to the Istanbul Consensus (Study Phase I). All participants then attended interactive training where a panel of experts graded the same embryos (Study Phase II). Finally, a second set of pictures was sent to both embryologists and experts for a blinded evaluation (Study Phase III). Intra-centre reliability was reported for Study Phase I as Cohen's kappa between senior and junior embryologists; inter-centre reliability was instead calculated between senior/junior embryologists and experts in Study Phase I versus III to outline improvements after training (i.e. upgrade of Cohen's kappa category according to Landis and Koch). Results Thirty-six embryologists from 18 centres participated (28% participation rate). The intra-centre reliability was (i) substantial (0.63) for blastomere symmetry (range –0.02 to 1.0), (ii) substantial (0.72) for fragmentation (range 0.29–1.0), (iii) substantial (0.66) for blastocyst expansion (range 0.19–1.0), (iv) moderate (0.59) for inner cell mass quality (range 0.07–0.92), (v) moderate (0.56) for trophectoderm quality (range 0.01–0.97). The inter-centre reliability showed an overall improvement from Study Phase I to III, from fair (0.21–0.4) to moderate (0.41–0.6) for all parameters under analysis, except for blastomere fragmentation among senior embryologists, which was already moderate before training. Conclusions Intra-centre reliability was generally moderate/substantial, while inter-centre reliability was just fair. The interactive training improved it to moderate, hence this workflow was deemed helpful. The establishment of external quality assessment services (e.g. UK NEQAS) and the avant-garde of artificial intelligence might further improve the reliability of this key practice for embryo selection.

The stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) by dietary protein is reduced with age. We hypothesized that twice-daily milk consumption would increase daily rates of MPS in older women relative to a nondairy milk alternative and that MPS would be enhanced by increased physical activity (PA).Twenty-two older women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups: whole milk (WM; n = 7, 69 ± 3 y), skim milk (SM; n = 7, 68 ± 3 y), or an almond beverage (AB; n = 8, 63 ± 3 y). From days 1 to 3, participants consumed a standardized diet (0.8 g protein⋅kg-1 ⋅d-1) and performed their habitual PA (Phase 1, Baseline). From days 4 to 6, participants continued to perform habitual PA, but consumed an intervention diet consisting of the standardized diet plus twice-daily beverages (250 mL each) of either WM, SM, or AB (Phase 2, Diet Intervention). Finally, from days 7 to 9, the intervention diet was consumed, and PA via daily steps was increased to ∼150% of habitual daily steps (Phase 3, Intervention Diet + PA). Deuterated water was ingested throughout the study, and muscle biopsies were taken on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 to measure MPS.Daily MPS rates were not differentially affected by the addition of WM, SM, or AB to a standardized diet. There was, however, a significant effect of study phase such that, when collapsed across conditions, MPS was significantly increased from Phase 1 to Phase 2 (+0.133%⋅d-1; 95% CI: 0.035-0.231; P 0.01) and further increased from Phase 2 to Phase 3 (+0.156%⋅d-1; 95% CI: 0.063-0.250; P 0.01).Increasing PA through walking was sufficient to increase daily MPS rates in older women, irrespective of whether dietary protein intake is increased beyond the recommended intake of 0.8 g⋅kg-1 ⋅d-1. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04981652.

Pupillometry has been found to be correlated with activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulator systems. These systems regulate the level of cortical arousal and therefore perception, attention, and memory. Here, we tested how different types of pupil size variance (prestimulus baseline and prestimulus hippus power) may correlate with behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs). We recorded pupil size and ERPs while participants were presented with a series of words and then asked whether the words had been in the initial list when they were later presented intermixed with unpresented words. We found that a smaller prestimulus baseline pupil size during the study phase was associated with better memory performance. Study items also evoked a larger P3 response at presentation and a greater old/new memory ERP effect at test when prestimulus pupil size was small rather than large. Prestimulus hippus power was found to be a between-subjects factor affecting the robustness of memory encoding with less power being associated with a greater old/new memory ERP effect. These results provide evidence relating memory and ERPs to variables defined on pupil size that are thought to reflect varying states of parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal.

In three experiments we investigated how the level of study-based, episodic knowledge influences the efficacy of subsequent retrieval practice (testing) as a learning event. Possibilities are that the efficacy of a test, relative to a restudy control, decreases, increases, or is independent of the degree of prior study-based learning. The degree of study-based learning was manipulated by varying the number of item repetitions in the initial study phase between one and eight. Predictions of the dual-memory model of test-enhanced learning for the case of one study-phase repetition were used as a reference. Results support the hypothesis that the advantage of testing over restudy is independent of the degree of prior episodic learning, and they suggest that educators can apply cued-recall testing with the expectation that its efficacy is similar across varying levels of prior content learning. Implications for testing effect theory are discussed.

Entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the challenges and problems faced by the world of education worldwide are increasingly complex and complicated. One of these problems is the level of the moral degradation of students, which is increasingly worrying. This research is part of research and development that focuses on the needs analysis, module design, and product validation stages. This study aimed to produce a learning product in the form of a social piety guidance module to reduce the moral degradation of high school students. This research was conducted at SMKN 3 Sinjai, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, by involving three counselling teachers and 15 students in the initial study phase and two experts in the validation phase. Data were collected using several data collection techniques such as (a) interviews, (b) observation, and (c) module validation sheets. The results showed that it turns out that a social piety guidance module is needed at the high school level to reduce the level of the moral degradation of students, which is then designed to be a module. From the validation test, information is obtained that the social piety guidance module is proven valid based on experts' judgment with a cumulative average score of 3.53. Thus, after this module is proven valid, it is recommended that it be tested on users, namely teachers and students.

OBJECTIVES To determine implant survival and success of four conventionally but initially asynchronously loaded implants in implant-supported overdentures for the edentulous maxilla, in participants with opposing mandibular two-implant overdentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six participants received four implants in the region of the maxillary canines and molars. After healing, 24 of these participants (mean age: 68.3 years) were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, and the adapted overdenture was attached to two unsplinted cylindrical attachments. The other two matrixes remained unattached to the implants for 3 months. After this period, the other two implants were loaded for 3 months (cross-over design). Then, all four implants were loaded for another 3 months. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate survival and success of implants and dentures. RESULTS During the active prosthetic study phase, three participants lost one implant. Two participants lost three implants during the recall period. Implant survival after loading was 93.8% after a mean observation period of 3.1 years. Denture survival was 100%, but denture success was 95.8%, due to major prosthetic complications. Most participants preferred four implants to two. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that maxillary implant overdentures on two or four implants are both recommendable treatment options. Two posterior implants are not superior to two anterior implants under overdentures retained by unsplinted cylindrical attachments. Implant and prosthetic complications and aftercare measures are common but are mostly easy to handle. However, 23 of the 24 participants preferred the 4-implant maxillary overdenture.

Nowadays, a declining interest in psychiatry as well in the professional arena is seen. This attitude is significant for Interns and an important study phase of medical UGs for extreme care of psychiatric patients. The aim was to study and compare the attitude of undergraduate students and medical interns towards psychiatry. It was a cross-sectional study done at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai, where a comparison between medical interns and undergraduate students weremade. The study sample consisted of about 100 interns and 200 medical undergraduates who gave their consent for this study. The Attitude towards psychiatry (ATP) questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was given and from the data collected, the mean scores were calculated and analyzed using the Student t-test by SPSS version20. The medical undergraduates exhibited a more positive attitude towards psychiatry than interns (P-value estimated was 0.001). However, only 15% of interns and 7% of medical undergraduates strongly agreed and wanted to pursue psychiatry as their profession. Interns showing negative attitude in psychiatry may be due to strange stereotypic remarks made by peers, existing stigma towards psychiatry, less clinical rotations and less hours of teaching during the undergraduate days.

Evidence is mixed concerning whether delayed judgments of learning (JOLs) enhance learning and if so, whether their benefit is similar to retrieval practice. One potential explanation for the mixed findings is the truncated search hypothesis, which states that not all delayed JOLs lead to a full-blown covert retrieval attempt. In three paired-associate learning experiments, we examined the effect of delayed JOLs on later recall by comparing them to conditions of restudy, overt retrieval, and various other delayed JOL conditions. In Experiment 1, after an initial study phase, subjects either restudied word pairs, practiced overt retrieval, or made cue-only or cue-target delayed JOLs. In Experiments 2a and 2b, where conditions were manipulated within-subjects, subjects either restudied word pairs, practiced overt retrieval, made cue-only delayed JOLs, made cue-only delayed JOLs followed by a yes/no retrieval question or, in another condition, by an overt retrieval prompt. The final cued recall tests were delayed by two days. In Experiment 1, recall after cue-only delayed JOLs did not reliably differ from recall after overt retrieval or restudy. In Experiments 2a and 2b, delayed JOLs consistently produced poorer recall relative to overt retrieval. Furthermore, reaction times for delayed JOLs were shorter relative to delayed JOLs paired with overt retrieval prompts. We conclude that only some delayed JOLs elicit covert retrieval attempts, a pattern supporting the truncated search hypothesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11409-021-09260-0.

This study embedded attentional cues in the study phase of an item-method directed forgetting task. We used an unpredictive onset cue (Experiment 1), a predictive onset cue (Experiment 2), or a predictive central cue (Experiments 3-6) to direct attention to the left or right. In Experiments 1-5, this was followed by a pink or blue study word that required a speeded colour discrimination; in Experiment 6, it was followed by a pink or blue word or nonword that required a lexical decision. Each study word was followed by an instruction to Remember or Forget. A yes-no recognition test confirmed better recognition of to-be-remembered words than to-be-forgotten words; a cueing effect confirmed the effectiveness of predictive cues in allocating attentional resources. There was, however, no evidence that the directed forgetting effect differed for attended and unattended words: Encoding depends more on the memory intention formed after a study word has disappeared than on the availability of processing resources when that word first appears.

ملخص البحث: لعب الخطاب الإعلامي دورا مکملا للمواقف الرسمية لکل من إيران ومصر؛ فکل مالم تکن القاهرة أو طهران راغبة في الإعلان عنه صراحة، أو الإدلاء به بشکل رسمي، کانت وسائل الإعلام تتولى معالجته. ومن ثم قادت صحف البلدين، فيما بين عامي 1981 و2011م، صداما إعلاميا جسد کل قضايا الخلاف والاختلاف في تصوراتهما الاستراتيجية. کانت البيئة العربية والإقليمية تمثل ظرفا مؤاتيا لأن يشن الإعلام الإيراني حملات معادية لمصر للنيل من سمعتها العربية والإسلامية. وفي المقابل شن الإعلام المصري حملات مضادة، لم يکتف فيها بالذود عن مواقف مصر وإحباط الحملات الإيرانية، بل کرس جهده أيضا لکشف زيف دعاياتها الراديکالية المتطرفة، ونواياها المعادية للأمة العربية وفي هذا السياق، حرصت الحملات المتبادلة بين مصر وإيران على إبراز موضوعية المواقف الذاتية وحجيتها، واتخاذها منطلقا لتفکيک مواقف الطرف الآخر والحط منها، فضلا عن تبنيها معالجات رکزت على تصوير الأوضاع الداخلية في البلد الآخر بالصورة القاتمة على المستويات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ورسم صورة ذهنية مشينة لنظام الحکم فيه، والتشکيک في سلامة نواياه.. وقد انبرت الصحف الإيرانية، من خلال العناوين الدالة، لبناء صورة ذهنية للمجتمع المصري مفعمة بعوامل الانقسام السياسي والصدام الداخلي ـ "صدام بين الشعب ونظام حکمه"ـ الذي يقف على طرفه الأول "نظام مبارک" الرابض على البلاد في هيئة "المستکبر"؛ وما تولده تلک الصورة من معاني الظلم والقمع. بينما تقف على طرفه الآخر الجماعات الأصولية "المستضعفة"، بکل ما تجسده من معاني "المظلومية" و"النضال". بينما تصدت الصحف المصرية لمعالجة مسألة مساندة إيران للجماعات الأصولية المتطرفة، التي انتهجت العنف والإرهاب في مصر والمنطقة العربية، طيلة مرحلة الدراسة، انطلاقا من يقينها أن مساندة إيران لهذه الجماعات کانت تمثل جزءا من مشروع ثقافي طائفي متطرف، وضعت له عنوانا تحريضيا: تصدير الثورة، بقدر إدراکها أن جانبا من مسئولية ترسيخ قناعات مناهضة هذا المشروع الثقافي لدى الرأي العام يقع على عاتقها، وهو الأمر الذي تکفلت به بشکل واضح ومستمر. کما عالجت الصحف المصرية والإيرانية تطور العلاقات الثنائية بين البلدين من منطلق تموضع کل منهما من القضايا الخلافية بينهما، وعلى رأسها قضية السلام في الشرق الأوسط، ولذا فقد خرجت هذه المعالجة في صورة اشتباک إعلامي وطيس، نال کل طرف من سمعة الآخر السياسية ودوره الإقليمي. وقد تميزت تلک المعالجة بالحدة تارة وبالتروي تارة أخرى، على نحو کان يعکس مدى نجاح أو إخفاق محاولات التقارب أو التقريب بينهما. Abstract Media discourse played a complementary role to the official positions of both Iran and Egypt; whatever Cairo or Tehran was unwilling to announce publicly, or to make formally, the media dealt with it. Then, between 1981 and 2011, the newspapers of the two countries led a media clash that embodied all the issues of disagreement and difference in their strategic perceptions. The Arab and regional environment was a favorable circumstance for Iranian media to launch anti-Egyptian campaigns to undermine its Arab and Islamic reputation. On the other hand, the Egyptian media launched counter-campaigns, not only defending Egypt’s stances and frustrating the Iranian campaigns, but also devoted his effort to exposing the falsehood of its extremist propaganda and anti-Arab intentions. In this context, the mutual campaigns between Egypt and Iran were keen on highlighting the objectivity and the credibility of the self-positions, and taking them as a starting point for dismantling the positions of the other side and undermining them, as well as adopting treatments that focused on depicting the internal situation in the other country in a bleak picture at the political, economic and social levels, drawing a disgraceful mental image of the system of government in it, and questioning the integrity of its intentions The Iranian newspapers, through headlines, have sought to build a mental image of the Egyptian society full of factors of political division and internal clash - a "clash between the people and their regime" - on whose front is the "Mubarak regime" crouching over the country in the form of "the arrogant"; and what this image generates of the meanings of injustice and repression. On the other side, the "weak" fundamentalist groups stand on the other side, with all the meanings of "oppression" and "struggle". At the same time, the Egyptian newspapers addressed the issue of Iran's support to extremist fundamentalist groups, which have pursued violence and terrorism in Egypt and the Arab region, throughout the study phase, based on its certainty that Iran's support to these groups was part of an extremist sectarian cultural project, which gave him a provocative title: Exporting the Revolution, to the extent that they realize that part of the responsibility to establish convictions against this cultural project lies with the public opinion, it is their responsibility, which they have clearly and continuously ensured The Egyptian and Iranian newspapers also dealt with the development of bilateral relations of the two countries, out of the positioning of each of regarding their contentious issues, on top of which was peace in the Middle East. Therefore, this treatment came out in the form of severe media engagement that affected the political reputation of the other and its regional role. This treatment was characterized by intensity at times and deliberation at other times, in a manner that reflected the success or failure of the attempts to converge or bring them closer.

Diffusion triples or multiples are commonly considered as high-throughput experiments to study phase equilibrium and diffusion. But when extracting diffusion coefficients, they are treated as diffusion couples with one-dimensional (1D) composition variation, never taking advantage of their two-dimensional (2D) composition distributions. In this work, we present an efficient numerical inverse approach to directly evaluate composition-dependent atomic mobilities and full matrix of interdiffusivities based on a novel 2D diffusion simulation scheme, which was applied to the Co–Fe–Ni alloys by analyzing only one diffusion triple over a wide composition range. Its reliability was confirmed by comparing with traditional methods.

يهدف البحث إلى بيان الأسس العلمية التي بنى عليها أصحاب المقررات الدراسية القواعد النحوية والصرفية التي وضعوها، وذلک في مقرر النحو والصرف للمرحلة الثانوية بالمملکة العربية السعودية، وبيان اتجاههم النحوي (البصري، والکوفي) في تأليفهم لهذه المقررات مع بعدهم عن ذکر الخلافات النحوية، ثم بيان أثر ذلک على الاکتساب اللغوي لطلاب هذه المرحلة الدراسية مع المقارنة بين المنهج القديم والمنهج الحديث لنفس المرحلة، ثم النتائج المستخلصة من البحث . الکلمات المفتاحية: (أسس – القواعد – النحوية - اتجاهات - مقرر - النحو والصرف – المرحلة الثانوية – السعودية). The foundations of setting grammar rules and their trends in the Grammar and Morphology course in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (secondary stage) as an example Abdul Malik Ahmed Shteiwi Assistant Professor at the College of Arabic Language in Mansoura - Al-Azhar University, and Associate Professor at the College of Arabic Language - Islamic University of Madinah Email: 400619@iu.edu.sa Abstract: The research aims to clarify the scientific foundations upon which the curriculum owners built the grammatical and morphological rules that they set, in the grammar and exchange course for the secondary stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to explain their grammatical direction (visual and Kufi) in their composition of these courses, and then explain the impact of this on the linguistic acquisition of students This is the study phase with the comparison between the old curriculum and the modern curriculum for the same stage, then the results from the research are given at the end of the research.

The mnemonic effect of insight refers to the situation in which experiencing an "aha" moment when solving problems could improve memory performance for both the question and its solution. The aha experience can be triggered either by external stimuli or by internal solution attempts, namely "induced" or "spontaneous" insight, respectively. Tests of the neural correlates of the insightful memory effect are typically conducted in induced insight paradigms. The neural mechanism of the mnemonic effect of spontaneous insight is unclear. In the present study, the mnemonic effect for spontaneous insight was examined by the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique and behavioral measures. Subjects were required to solve a set of Chinese verbal compound remote-associated tasks (CRA), and performed a recognition test 10 min later. The results showed that the spontaneous insight solution elicited a more negative deflection than did the non-insight solution before the button reaction (− 800 to − 400 ms) in the study phase. In the recognition test phase, items which elicited insight during study were recognized faster, compared with non-insight study items. And spontaneous insight solution elicited a more positive deflection than did non-insight solution in the time window from 400 to 700 ms after onset of the answer. Moreover, brain–behavior correlations revealed a relationship between N400 amplitude during study and later memory performance which revealed a double-dissociation between items solved with and without insight during study. The different predictions for recognition indicate that the encoding of spontaneous insight may differ from that of non-insight, suggesting that different encoding mechanisms may mediate the encoding of items and solutions found by insight versus non-insight.

High-temperature treatment of γ-Al2 O3 can lead to a series of polymorphic transformations, including the formation of δ-Al2 O3 and θ-Al2 O3 . Quantification of the microstructure in the range where δ- and θ-Al2 O3 are formed represents a formidable challenge, as both phases accommodate a high degree of structural disorder. In this work, we explore the use of an XRD recursive-stacking formalism for the quantification of high-temperature transition aluminas. We formulate the recursive-stacking methodology for modelling of disorder in δ-Al2 O3 and twinning in θ-Al2 O3 and show that explicitly accounting for the disorder is necessary to reliably model the XRD patterns of high-temperature transition alumina. We also use the recursive stacking approach to study phase transformation during high-temperature (1050 °C) treatment. We show that the two different intergrowth modes of δ-Al2 O3 have different transformation characteristics and that a significant portion of δ-Al2 O3 is stabilized with θ-Al2 O3 even after prolonged high-temperature exposures.

The concept attainment tutorial tool with multi representations still needs to be developed. The purpose of this study is to describe the validity of the model and the validity of concept attainment devices with multi representations as alternative learning models to improve students' mastery of concepts and scientific consistency. The development of this tutorial tool uses the design of Plomp which consists of preliminary study phase, prototype stage, and assessment phase. The limited test was conducted on students of the Surabaya Open University in the Basic Science Natural Sciences course (PDGK4103). Research data were collected by the validation method using the model validation sheet instrument and the device validation sheet. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) The concept of attainment model with multi representations developed is included in the valid criteria in terms of content validity and construct validity. (2) The multi-representation tutorial tool developed is included in the valid criteria. Based on the above it can be concluded that the concept of attainment with multi representations developed is valid and appropriate to be used to improve students' mastery of concepts and scientific consistency.

Although historic documents posit schizophrenia to the beginnings of mankind, its diagnosis remains poorly defined, currently relying on unspecific clinical symptoms; and controversies still maintain its origin under intense debate. This review aimed at quantitatively assessing the preferential forefronts of clinical trials towards the treatment of schizophrenia from inception till present, according to clinicaltrials.gov database registry. Towards that end study status and study phase classifications were used as criteria for progress in the field. Study groups by sex and age together with countries and organisms involved in the studies were used as indicators of the populations studied and as evidence of main promoter institutions, in both, pharmacological and drug-free protocols. The findings clearly show a decline of active clinical research with small synthetic compounds and limited numbers of novel initiatives, mostly based on drug-free alternatives with expected reduced secondary effects. A paucity of sex- and age-oriented designs is detected, and it is proposed that future clinical trials should set their basis on data obtained from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, brain organoid systems and human brain circuitry platforms. Only individual precision medical approaches may turn effective for the treatment of this complex and highly incapacitating disease.

When lists are presented with temporal pauses between groups of items, participants' response times reiterate those pauses. Accuracy is also increased, especially at particular serial positions. By comparing forward with backward serial recall, we tested whether the influence of temporal grouping is primarily a function of serial position or output position. Results favored the latter, both when recall direction was known to participants prior to (Experiment 2) or only after (Experiment 2) studying each list. Alongside fits of variants of a temporal distinctiveness-based model, our findings suggest that the influence of temporal grouping is not just a consequence of grouping information stored during the study phase. Rather, it critically depends on participants cueing with within-chunk position during recall, combined with response suppression.

This study aims to describe the effect of quantum teaching model-based teaching materials on critical thinking skills of elementary school students. This type of research is development research using a model developed by Borg and Gall. Teaching Material Development starts from the preliminary study phase, planning, product design, product design validation, product trial and final product. The research instruments used consisted of validation sheets, sheets, questionnaires for analyzing student needs, cognitive tests, and tests of critical thinking skills. The research subjects were students in Class V of SDN 1 Cengal, SDN 2 Cengal and SDN 3 Cengal, Japara District, Kuningan Regency. The results showed that there was an increase in students' critical thinking skills using quantum teaching model-based teaching materials compared to students using conventional learning. The difference in this increase can be seen in the results of the gain test of students' critical thinking abilities in the experimental class showing N-gain of 0.59. Then the N-gain in the experimental class is included in the criteria of being. While the results of the test gain students' critical thinking skills in the control class obtained N-gain of 0.20. Then the N-gain in the control class is included in the low criteria

Introduction The replenishment of skin lipids depleted in the dry skin state is a desirable therapeutic target to restore skin moisturization; however, there is limited evidence demonstrating the success of this approach through the use of topical emollients. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the benefits of a cream and equivalent lotion containing skin lipids in a multi-vesicular emulsion for the management of dry skin. The hypothesis was that the test cream and test lotion could sustain skin moisturization for longer than traditional emollients by sustainably delivering skin lipids. Methods A double-blind intra-subject vehicle-controlled single open-application test on the lower legs in people with dry, atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)-prone, skin was conducted. There were six treatment sites, three per lower leg in each participant, which were treated with the test cream, the test lotion, three reference creams commonly prescribed in the UK and no treatment as a control. After baseline measurements of skin hydration, 100 μl of the test/reference creams was applied to each of the relevant treatment sites (random site allocation). Following treatment, measurements of skin hydration and scoring of visual dryness was conducted at timed intervals (3, 6, 12 and 24 h post-product application). Results The test cream and lotion both significantly increased skin hydration and reduced skin dryness for at least 24 h following a single application compared to a no treatment control site. Compared to three reference emollient creams the test cream and test lotion were the only products capable of sustaining clinically meaningful improvements in skin moisturization for 24 h. Conclusion The sustained moisturization imparted by the test products reduces the need for frequent emollient application, often requiring 3–4 applications per day for traditional emollients, and should reduce the high burden of managing dry skin conditions like atopic dermatitis.

Objective: Clinical trials are essential tools for improving scientific knowledge and public health. With this work, it is aimed to evaluate the clinical trials landscape in Turkey. Method: To evaluate the landscape of clinical trials in Turkey, all clinical trials registered on or before the date of 20.06.2019 in the ClinicalTrials.gov database were used. The registered clinical trials were filtered by study type, study phase, funder type, current status of clinical trials, and location. In addition, the number of clinical trials in Turkey was compared with some countries which were selected based on population and number of trials. Results: In Turkey, the total number of registered clinical trials was 3880. The majority of these trials (%79.4) were interventional studies. The majority of phase trials were phase III studies, of which the vast majority were sponsored by industry. The numbers of completed and currently participants recruiting trials were 2245 and 722, respectively. Not only in Turkey, but in all countries, the numbers of clinical trials with unknown status and phase studies without defined phases were higher in trials were not funded by industry. When the numbers of first registered clinical trials were evaluated between the years of 2009 and 2018, a considerable increase was seen. The number of clinical trials in Turkey was 5 or 6 fold less than in developed countries with a comparable population such as Germany, France, and United Kingdom. Conclusion: With this work, it was shown that the number of clinical trials in Turkey is still not as expected. In order to take its rightful place in the world, Turkey should continue to make improvements, use its potential and increase awareness in the field of clinical trials.

This study aims to produce teaching materials by using VAK (Visual Auditory Kinestethic) on fantasy story material for 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Medan. The research method used is Research and Development which refers to Borg and Gall model. The stages of development are the initial study phase, initial product development, and product trials. The results showed that the results of material validation included content eligibility with an average of 82% with a very good category, Eligibility for Presentation with an average of 87.5% with a very good category, and an assessment of language aspects with an average of 82.2% with a category very good. For the assessment of graphics by design experts obtained an average of 87% with the category "very good". Product trials are carried out in three stages: individual testing, small group trials, and limited field trials. Individual trials with an average of 86% with very good categories, small group trials with an average of 87.4% with very good categories, and limited field trials with an average of 88.3% with very good categories. The effectiveness of teaching materials is obtained through student learning outcomes in the pretest and posttest. Average score at pretest is 52 and at posttest is 76. This proves that the teaching material of fantasy story by using VAK (Visual Auditory Kinestethic) is feasible, easy, and effective for use in 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Medan. This research has implications for Indonesian language learning process, which is teaching material by using VAK (Visual Auditory Kinestethic) which is developed to provide practical contributions, especially in the implementation of the learning process for teachers, teaching materials in the form of this module can be additional teaching materials to provide convenience in conveying fantasy story material taught, enriching and increasing students' knowledge about fantasy story so that learning will be more interesting and motivate students, trains students to learn independently.

One of the problems in modern mathematics learning is mathematical concepts presented by teachers to students such as machines. So, the concept is used by students as finished products without knowing the origin and how to reconstruct them. The effort that can be made by the teacher in overcoming this is by designing learning wherever possible starting with presenting realistic problems to arrive at an abstract idea. In this article we will discuss the design of sine rule learning in the context of scout tents, which is a type of design research. Design research has three cycles, namely preliminary design, classroom experiment, and retrospective analysis. In this article only the preliminary study phase will be discussed, which includes literature study activities, curriculum analysis, and the design early prototype. An HLT (Hypotetical Learning Trajectory) has been produced which deals with sine rules that use the context of scout tents.

The Monte Carlo method is used to study phase transitions in disordered two-dimensional Potts models in which disorder is realized as nonmagnetic impurities. The temperature dependences of the thermodynamic parameters have been calculated for specific heat C, susceptibility χ, and fourth-order Binder cumulants in the dependence on spin concentration p. The calculations have been performed for the system with periodic boundary conditions. The systems with linear sizes L × L = N, L = 20–160 are considered. The incorporation of nonmagnetic impurities to a spin system is shown to possibly lead to a change of the first-order phase transition to a second-order phase transition. The problem of the universality classes of the critical behavior of low-dimensional diluted systems is discussed.

Background The majority of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy continue to have seizures despite appropriate treatment. Objectives To assess the use of a commercially available, collar-mounted accelerometer to detect generalized seizures in dogs. Animals Twenty two client-owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods Six-month prospective clinical study during which dogs wore a collar-mounted accelerometer. Seizure documentation was based on owner observations and video recordings. The accelerometer used a predefined algorithm to detect seizures in the first study phase, and an individualized algorithm in the second study phase. Caregivers completed a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire at the initial and final study visit. Results Using the predefined algorithm, the accelerometer detected seizures with a sensitivity of 18.6% (95% CI [13.4%, 23.8%]) and mean false detection rate of 0.096/day. Values did not change significantly with use of an individualized algorithm (sensitivity 22.1%, 95% CI [15.1%, 29.0%]; false detection rate 0.054/day). Mean composite QoL score was significantly improved at study completion (50.42) compared to study initiation (39.53; P = .005), and this change was moderately correlated with a change in weekly exercise (r = 0.46, P = .05). Conclusions and clinical importance Generalized seizures in dogs can be detected with a collar-mounted accelerometer, but the overall sensitivity is low.

Phenomenon: Chronic disease is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. With an increase in the demand for healthcare and rising costs related to chronic care, physicians need to be better trained to address chronic disease at various stages of illness in a collaborative and cost-effective manner. Specific and measurable learning objectives are key to the design and evaluation of effective training, but there has been no consensus on chronic disease learning objectives appropriate to medical student education. Approach: Wagner's Chronic Care Model (CCM) was selected as a theoretical framework to guide development of an enhanced chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) curriculum. Findings of a literature review of CDPM competencies, objectives, and topical statements were mapped to each of the six domains of the CCM to understand the breadth of existing learning topics within each domain. At an in-person meeting, medical educators prepared a survey for the modified Delphi approach. Attendees identified 51 possible learning objectives from the literature review mapping, rephrased the CCM domains as competencies, constructed possible CDPM learning objectives for each competency with the goal of reaching multi-institutional consensus on a limited number of CDPM learning objectives that would be feasible for institutions to use to guide enhancement of medical student curricula related to CDPM. After the meeting, the group developed a survey which included 39 learning objectives. In the study phase of the modified Delphi approach, 32 physician CDPM experts and educators completed an online survey to prioritize the top 20 objectives. The next step occurred at a CDPM interest group in-person meeting with the goal of identifying the top 10 objectives. Findings: The CCM domains were reframed as the following competencies for medical student education: patient self-care management, decision support, clinical information systems, community resources, delivery systems and teams, and health system practice and improvement. Eleven CDPM learning objectives were identified within the six competencies that were most important in developing curriculum for medical students. Insights: These learning objectives cut across education on the prevention and management of individual chronic diseases and frame chronic disease care as requiring the health system science competencies identified in the CCM. They are intended to be used in combination with traditional disease-specific pathophysiology and treatment objectives. Additional efforts are needed to identify specific curricular strategies and assessment tools for each learning objective.

Background ClinicalTrials.gov is used by clinicians and patients to identify clinical trials. We assessed the ease with which users could identify relevant trials related to lymphoma using the short and official titles. We hypothesized that lymphoma titles frequently lack important information. Materials and Methods We performed 2 searches on ClinicalTrials.gov . The first search was performed before June 2017, when ClinicalTrials.gov underwent updates to improve usability. The second was performed after 2017. We assessed whether the short and official titles of each trial provided information on the study phase, eligible disease status, lymphoma histologic subtype, study intervention, primary objective, and the presence of randomization and placebo control. Results Of the pre-overhaul lymphoma trials, the official versus short titles included information regarding study intervention (99% vs. 96%), study phase (82% vs. 14%), lymphoma histologic subtype (78% vs. 72%), disease status (46% vs. 35%), randomization (13% vs. 2%), presence of placebo (6% vs. 2%), and primary objective (38% vs. 26%). Of the post-overhaul trials, the official versus short titles included information regarding study intervention (97% vs. 96%), lymphoma histologic subtype (83% vs. 78%), study phase (78% vs. 8%), disease status (64% vs. 50%), primary objective (38% vs. 23%), presence of placebo (11% vs. 0%), and randomization (18% vs. 0%). Conclusion The official titles were more informative than were the short titles on ClinicalTrials.gov . However, the short and official titles both often lacked the basic information needed to understand a clinical trial. This has persisted despite updates to the platform. These results highlight the need for standardization of the format and content included in study titles.

Antenatal care at the Basic Service Level is defined antenatal checks will be undertaken to examine the circumstances of the mother and fetus at regular intervals, followed by an attempt correction of deviations found. The goal is to keep pregnant women can go through pregnancy, childbirth and post-partum properly and safely, and to produce a healthy baby.Procees Antenatal still done manually and is very dependent on the health workers so that the necessary software that can help this problem. The present study emphasizes the design of a prototype expert system software to assist in the level of antenatal examination of basic services.The purpose of this research is to make protitipe design software in order to help workers in antenatal care at the level of basic services.The method used in the design of a prototype expert system software that helps antenatal checks the method used in the design of a prototype expert system software to assist in the level of antenatal examination of basic services. The stages are done systematically in this study is a study phase began with a reference library to find supporters then gathered data, to identify and to determine the extent of the problem konseptualisiasi and experts involved, then formalize the knowledge base includes the manufacture of that relate to the topic, determining ie backward chaining inference method, followed by the drafting of a database, and then to design new prototype expert system software with backward chaining method that can assist antenatal examination in basic service level. Keywords: expert systems, antenatal, backward chaining

Background: Research output/efforts in a country should be reflective of the disease burden. India is a site for several national and multinational clinical trials. However, whether clinical trials performed in India reflect the disease burden is not well known. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between disease burden and clinical trials performed in India. Materials and Methods: We extracted data on the disease burden from the World Health Organization (WHO) website and on characteristics of clinical trials performed in India from the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CRTI). The correlation between disease burden parameters of overall mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lost due to disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL), and the frequency of clinical trials associated with a particular disease was assessed. Additional subgroup analysis according to the number of trial centers, study phase, and medicine type was also performed. Results: Only 18% of clinical trials addressed top 10 diseases associated with 68.3% of overall mortality, and 8% of clinical trials addressed top 10 diseases associated with 52.3% of DALYs. Similarly, 16% of clinical trials addressed top 10 diseases associated with 53.2% YLDs. Furthermore, top 10 diseases associated with 65.9% of YLLs were addressed in only 8% of ongoing clinical trials. The overall correlation between any disease burden parameters with the diseases being explored in clinical trials was poor. Conclusion: There is a mismatch between diseases for which clinical trials are happening in the India and the disease burden of India. Measures need to be taken to fulfill this gap between demand and need.

Rats' working memory for locations previously visited and not visited was tested on the radial maze. Trials consisted of a study phase followed by a test phase. In the study phase, rats were forced to visit half the arms on the maze, with the other half of the arms blocked. In the test phase, rats chose among all arms, with food found only on the arms not visited in the study phase. When different patterns of arms visited in the study phase were used, it was found that rats remembered an alternating pattern better than an adjacent pattern or a random pattern and that this effect became more pronounced at longer retention intervals. In addition, rats remembered isolated nonvisited arms in the random pattern that were sandwiched between visited arms better than nonvisited arms that were not isolated between visited arms. Several hypotheses were examined and tested to explain this isolation effect, but no clear theoretical account was found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

La organización territorial de los servicios de consumo duradero ha adquirido mayor trascendencia debido a la servicialización de la economía de las grandes metrópolis. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la evolución de la distribución microespacial de los servicios de consumo duradero en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México en el periodo de 1993 a 2013 y con ello la definición de la tendencia del patrón predominante bajo una perspectiva teórica del lugar central. La medición de la actividad económica se hizo a partir del valor agregado que ofrecieron los censos económicos a nivel de áreas geoestadísticas básicas. La distribución de este tipo de servicio ha mostrado una relativa estabilidad en la configuración policéntrica donde las vías de comunicación y distribución de la población han tenido un papel central para la localización de los nodos. Adicionalmente, se identificaron los microcambios en la actividad económica, que por su naturaleza de escala requieren de estudios más detallados para el entendimiento de los factores territoriales que los generan.

One exceptional characteristic of the testing effect is its generalizability over time and circumstance. The benefits of testing over rote restudy appear to grow with time, as forgetting occurs, and also have been documented to extend to tasks of inference on previously unstudied stimuli. In the two experiments reported here, we evaluated inference and memory for members of natural categories over time. Rote memory and generalization were tested shortly after the study phase and again after varying delays. Results from both experiments indicate that retrieval practice does indeed enhance inference for novel members of previously learned categories, and that the benefits are maintained over the duration of our experiments—up to 25 days. An analysis of forgetting rates indicates that retrieval practice does not, however, decelerate forgetting when compared with restudy. Rates of forgetting were not discernibly different, for either rote memory or conceptual knowledge, between the two conditions. These results indicate that although testing does not appear to reduce forgetting, it is a potent means of enhancing inference, and the benefits to memory and inference are long lasting.

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to investigate satisfaction, saving of time and the possible reduction of patient visits to practices that use Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) during treatment compared to usual care.MethodsIn a case-control study between October 2020 and May 2021, the participating practices were randomized into three groups (two different RPM systems, one control). The doctors were required to enroll patients with acute respiratory infection ≥ 18 years who have a web-enabled device. After a three-month study phase, the doctors were asked to describe the treatment of their patients via online survey. The patients were also questioned. The analysis was carried out descriptively and with group comparisons.Results51 practices with 121 patients were included. Overall, the results show a positive assessment of digital care on the patient side. As for the doctors, handling and integration of the systems into consisting practice processes seem to be a challenge. Further, the number of patient visits to the practice was not reduced by using the systems and the doctors did not save time, but the relationship to the patients was intensified.ConclusionEven if there were no indications for more efficiency by using the RPM systems, the doctors see great potential to intensify the interaction between doctor and patient. In particular, more intensive contact with patients with chronic diseases (e. g. COPD, long-COVID) could be of long-term interest and importance for doctors in outpatient care.Trial RegistrationDRKS00023553

International audience; Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons is a worldwide problem that poses important challenges in remediation processes. In Italy, the Legislative Decree 152/06 defines the water quality limits to be obtained during the cleanup process. In situ bioremediation techniques are becoming increasingly important due to their affordability and, under the right conditions, because they can be more effective than conventional methodologies. In the initial feasibility study phase, the numerical modeling supports the reliability of each technique. Two different codes, BIOCHLOR and PHREEQC were discussed and compared assuming different field conditions. Isotopic Fractionation-Reactive Transport Models were then developed in one synthetic and one simple field case. From the results, the two codes were in agreement and also able to demonstrate the Monitored Natural Attenuation processes occurring at the dismissed site located in Italy. Finally, the PHREEQC model was used to forecast the remediation time frame by MNA, hypothesizing a complete source cleanup: a remediation time frame of about 10–11 years was achieved by means of natural attenuation processes.

This paper addresses the planned Copernicus Sentinel-1 Next Generation (NG) mission, which will provide enhanced C-band data continuity beyond the next decade (2030) in support of operational Copernicus services that are routinely using Sentinel-1 data. In particular, we discuss potential SAR and SAR interferometry (InSAR) performance enhancements and novel imaging capabilities for vessel detection and velocity estimation for vessels and ocean surface currents, respectively. In addition, we present results of the preliminary mission analysis, addressing the coverage, revisit time, and repeat-orbit interval for SAR interferometry. Further, we discuss different SAR system concepts, which were considered during the feasibility study phase.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of lives globally. To learn more about this disease and find potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative products, the healthcare community has initiated a staggering number of clinical trials. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was reviewed to determine if trial sponsor type had a relationship to time to COVID-19 response, which was defined as the date from disease discovery in Wuhan, China to ClinicalTrials.gov study “First Posted” date. Results: A total of 673 United States (US) sponsored, interventional study listings were retrieved, of which 293 (43.5%) were Industry-sponsored, 349 (51.9%) were Academic sponsored, and 31 (4.6%) were Other sponsor types. Of the Academic studies, 181 (51.9%) were Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. The average response time for all sponsor types was 189 days, with Academic sponsors having the shortest average response time of 172.6 days (P < 0.001). CTSA hubs had a significantly (P < 0.001) shorter average response time (168.1 days) compared to all other sponsor types (197.4 days). However, while shorter in duration by 9.4 days, response time was not significantly different from non-CTSA sponsors (177.5 days; P = 0.238). Additionally, ANOVA indicated significant relationships (P < 0.001) between funding type, study phase, number of sites, and enrollment size on response time. Conclusions: Studies posted with the shortest response time were Academic-sponsored trials and included smaller sized investigations of repurposed approved or investigational drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. A small second wave of study postings occurred approximately 4 months later, and included small, unique therapies targeting prevention or treatment of COVID-19.

Objective: Most insulin infusion sets (ISs) are labeled for 2- or 3-days use. The Medtronic EWIS is designed to increase wear time up to 7 days. This study reports on EWIS survival and performance during the pivotal trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04113694). Method: This multi-center (15), single-arm, non-randomized, non-inferiority trial in 259 participants (18-80yrs) with T1D using the MiniMed™ 670G system (with Humalog™ or Novolog™ insulin) involved wearing a 2- or 3-day IS for 2 weeks (run-in) followed by 12 consecutive EWIS wears (study phase). The latter was worn for ≥174 hours or until set failure. Safety and performance (i.e., a priori target of Result: The EWIS survival rate was 74.8% versus the 67.7% rate of 2- or 3-day ISs (p Conclusion: The 7-day EWIS was safe and its performance was superior at ≥174 hours compared to the performance observed for 2- or 3-day infusion sets. Disclosure B. A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Tolerion, Inc., Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. B. Horowitz: Research Support; Self; Abbott Laboratories, BD, Celgene, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Medtronic, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Lilly Diabetes, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. K. B. Kaiserman: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Consultant; Self; Medtronic, Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation, Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Medtronic, Stock/Shareholder; Self; MannKind Corporation. S. Huang: None. V. Chen: Employee; Self; Medtronic. G. Zhang: Employee; Self; Medtronic. S. Chattaraj: Employee; Self; Medtronic. J. Shin: Employee; Self; Medtronic. R. Vigersky: Employee; Self; Medtronic. R. L. Brazg: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Pfizer Inc., Roche Diagnostic USA, Senseonics. T. S. Bailey: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, LifeScan, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Self; Abbott, Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo, Medtronic, Medtrum Technologies, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita, Viacyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; BD, Medtronic, Sanofi. Y. C. Kudva: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. S. K. Garg: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. G. Grunberger: Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. J. Thrasher: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Board Member; Self; Medtronic, Consultant; Self; Medtronic, Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Mylan N. V., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi. A. Cavale: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. A. Bhargava: Research Support; Self; Abbott, AbbVie Inc., Amgen Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston Therapeutics, Inc., Covance Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, Insulet Corporation, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Mylan N. V., Novo Nordisk, Poxel SA, Quintiles, Sanofi, Senseonics, Tolerion, Inc., Viking Therapeutics.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es proponer un modelo pedagógico para desarrollar la inteligencia espiritual en estudiantes de primer grado de educación secundaria. Las teorías que se relacionan con la investigación son la inteligencia unitaria, las inteligencias múltiples y la inteligencia emocional. El enfoque de la investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, el paradigma de la investigación es positivista, el alcance de la investigación es de tipo predictiva, el método predominante de investigación es experimental y el diseño es cuasi experimental. La población fue de 134 estudiantes y la muestra abarcó a 34. En la fase de diagnóstico se utilizó el escalamiento de Likert, para la fase de estudio teórico se aplicó el análisis documental y para la fase del diseño del modelo pedagógico se utilizó el método de modelación y el analítico sintético. En conclusión, se logró identificar el nivel de desarrollo de inteligencia espiritual en los y las estudiantes de primer grado, se investigaron las principales teorías y aportes sobre inteligencia espiritual, se ha elaborado y validado empíricamente el Modelo Pedagógico y los resultados del post test evidencian que la intervención ha logrado revertir la situación inicial. Abstract A pedagogical model for developing spiritual intelligence among first-year high school students was developed using theoretical research on unitary, multiple and emotional intelligence. This is an experimental, predictive and quantitative study based on a positivist research paradigm and a quasi-experimental design. The study sample included 34 students from a larger population group of 134 students. Likert Scaling was used during the diagnostic phase, documentary analysis for the theoretical study phase and synthetic analytical modeling for the design phase of the pedagogical model. The conclusion highlights the possibility of identifying different levels of spiritual intelligence among first year, high-school students. The pedagogical model was developed and validated empirically based on the main theories and contributions regarding spiritual intelligence. Post-test results demonstrate that intervention may likely reverse baseline scenarios.

Background: The Medtronic MiniMed™ AHCL system that autocorrects to 120mg/dL every five minutes and has an automated basal target of 100mg/dL or 120mg/dL has demonstrated improved A1C and time in range1,2 or improved time in closed-loop control,3 compared to open-loop run-in or control. Glycemic outcomes of study participants who used a different baseline therapy (HCL, SAP or CSII) during the MiniMed™ AHCL pivotal trial were analyzed. Methods: Across 16 sites, participants (N=157, 14-75 years) with T1D underwent a baseline run-in period (~2 weeks) of HCL, SAP or CSII followed by a 90-day study phase with AHCL automated basal and auto-correction. An exploratory analysis compared the mean sensor glucose and percentage of time spent across glucose ranges during the baseline run-in and AHCL-study phase for each cohort. Results: Glycemic outcomes for the overall group and each cohort are shown in the table. Significant changes were observed from run-in to study period for the overall group. The glycemic outcomes that were achieved were similar regardless of the baseline therapy. Conclusion: These MiniMed™ AHCL pivotal trial data demonstrate that the system achieves robust glycemic improvement regardless of baseline therapy. Disclosure J. Shin: Employee; Self; Medtronic. X. Chen: None. M. Liu: None. S. Huang: None. T. L. Cordero: Employee; Self; Medtronic. A. S. Rhinehart: Employee; Self; Medtronic, Stock/Shareholder; Self; AstraZeneca, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic. R. Vigersky: Employee; Self; Medtronic. Funding Medtronic