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The power of sport to affect social change is widely acknowledged. However, little empirical research has explored the use of sport in engaging young people in global education. This article fills the gap by exploring the role of sport using experiential learning tools as delivery methodology for global education in the context of Central Europe (Czechia). The study focuses on the experiential learning process of the study participants, a mixed intercultural team of Czech and Kenyan youth ambassadors participating in a Football for Development project with the aim of engendering cultural understanding, respecting diversity as positive and valuing differences as beneficial to society. The study benefited from a newly developed non-conventional data collection tool enhancing the research methodology and allowing for the facilitation of the participants' ability to discover and process the experience-related learning through reflexivity. By showing the changes in knowledge, skills, values and attitudes, our findings indicate how the sport for development programme contributes to creating a semi-conscious learning environment for global education.

Recognizing the contributions that school sport can make to the wellbeing of students, this paper proposes a "re-imagined" school sport framework. School Sport for All (SS4A) places students at the center of building a program where development and wellbeing are prioritized. The SS4A framework fully integrates and promotes key aspects from comprehensive school health, whole-child education, and long-term athlete development throughout all its features. As a whole, SS4A aims to ensure the benefits of sport can be experienced by all, within a school system where teaching and learning are prioritized in the classroom and in the school community.

This integrative literature review explores the imperative for implementing Sports Development Officer (SDO) roles within higher education institutions (HEIs). The review synthesizes existing literature to highlight the importance of sports development in promoting holistic student development, enhancing campus culture, and fostering essential life skills. It underscores the need for dedicated SDO positions to address the evolving demands of sports management, provide strategic leadership, and optimize resource allocation. Best practices and innovations in sports management, including leveraging technology and promoting diversity in sports participation, are identified, offering valuable insights for HEIs. The review also discusses policy implications, advocating for institutional commitment to sports development and the professionalization of sports management through curriculum integration. By prioritizing sports development and embracing evidence-based practices, HEIs can enrich the student experience, promote well-being, and cultivate vibrant campus communities. This review provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, university administrators, and sports management professionals to harness the transformative power of sports within HEIs.

The objective of this study is to develop e-modules for bump pass learning for seventh-grade students. This study identified the problems and needs of students in learning bump pass skills, e-module eligibility and the effect of the e-module on students' bump pass skills. Two groups of seventh grades, two teachers serving as content experts and two media experts participated in this study at State Junior High School 1 Talawi. Five steps were used in conducting this research: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The researchers collected data through questionnaires, interviews, observation, documentation, expert testing and tests. The questionnaire, interview, observation and documentation results were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. Expert test data were analyzed using the inter-rater agreement model and test result data were analyzed using an independent t-test. There are three findings in this research. First, the reason for the students' difficulties in learning bump passes is their lack of interest in the content found in their textbooks. They need learning media that are interesting and can be accessed through smartphones. Thus, e-modules are a suitable learning medium to solve problems and meet their needs. Second, the developed e-module was confirmed to have high content validity and meet the criteria for good learning materials and media based on the feasibility test results. Third, the e-module has positively and significantly affected students' understanding and bump pass skills. Thus, it is suggested that the module be used for teaching bump pass skills at other schools.

The purpose of this study was to examine academic commitments in Division I specially and regularly admitted student-athletes. Division I student-athletes completed questionnaires assessing academic and athletic identity, perceived academic support, degree commitment, institutional commitment, and intent to withdraw. Structural equation modeling showed that institutional commitment was predicted positively by degree commitment and perceived academic support. It was also predicted by academic identity indirectly through degree commitment. Intent to withdraw was predicted negatively by degree commitment, athletic identity, and perceived academic support. Both institutional commitment and intent to withdraw were also predicted by academic identity indirectly through degree commitment. Compared to regularly admitted student-athletes, specially admitted student-athletes reported lower academic and athletic identities, lower perception of academic support from staff, and lower commitment to their degree, which contributed to their lower institutional commitment and higher intent to withdraw. Findings highlight the importance of academic integration of student-athletes.

Behavioral skills training (BST) has been used to improve football players' performance in one prior study, but limited data were collected on how the skill generalized from the training environment to the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effects of BST in enhancing football players' performance while also evaluating the generalization of a skill taught in a training environment (i.e., practice) to the natural environment (i.e., game-simulated scrimmage). This study included five high school offensive line football players and recorded their run-blocking skills in the training context and a game context in baseline and following BST. The results showed that BST improved performance in the training environment, with run-blocking skills slightly generalizing from the training environment to game-simulated scrimmages. When BST was conducted in the natural environment, it further improved the participants' run-blocking skills.

Using the Student Athlete Climate Dataset, this paper examined factors associated with Latina/o college athletes' intent to transfer for academic and athletic reasons. This study offers insight regarding how gender, NCAA Division, and geographic location can influence Latina/o college athletes' decision to transfer. In addition, the roles of faculty members and head coaches were significant in Latina/o college athletes' intent to transfer for athletic reasons.

Background: The National Federation of State High School Associations provides recommendations regarding health and safety policies; however, policy development is governed at the state level. Given interstate differences in governance, the primary purpose was to describe processes that State High School Athletic Associations (SHSAAs) utilize to develop a new policy. The secondary objective was to determine what methods associations use to implement new policies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey requested SHSAA (n = 51) representatives to report how athlete health and safety policies are introduced, revised, approved, and implemented within their state. The 22-question survey was developed to gather variables for the aims of the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item. Results: Of states who responded (n = 33), most reported a 2-committee (n = 24, 72.7%) process for developing and vetting policies, with initiation from the Sports Medicine Advisory Committee (n = 27, 81.8%), followed by an executive-level committee (n = 18, 66.7%). States reported total time from policy initiation to final approval ranged from 2 weeks to over 12 months. When a new policy was approved, most states indicated implementation began with an e-mail (n = 24, 72.7%) sent to Athletic Directors (n = 26, 78.8%). School principal or district superintendent were reported as the position in charge of compliance (36.4%, n = 12). Conclusions: Most SHSAAs use a 2-step process to write and review an athlete health and safety policy before approval. SHSAAs that require a longer policy development time could delay the implementation of important health measures. SHSAAs could consider additional communication methods to ensure information reaches all stakeholders.

The Achievement Goal Theory has been commonly used in the literature and the relation between the goal orientation construct and aspects of athletes' personality and well-being is an important element to be considered in the sports field. The objectives of this study were: (i) to confirm the reliability, factorial invariance and existence of latent mean differences of the Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOES) in an Ecuadorian sample across sex; (ii) to identify the existence of subgroups of Ecuadorian students with different profiles of goal orientations to exercise; and (iii) to determine the differences in resilience and life satisfaction among these profiles. A total of 597 Ecuadorian students from the Sports Sciences degree participated in this study. Confirmatory factorial analysis supported the two-dimensional (ego-task) GOES structure. The GOES has an adequate reliability and structural invariance across sex. Significant latent mean differences on the "ego" orientation subscale were found across sex but not in the "task" one. Cluster analysis identified three task-ego orientation profiles: (1) moderately high on "task" and low on "ego"; (2) low on "task" and slightly high on "ego"; (3) high in both "task" and "ego" orientation. Post hoc comparisons showed statistical differences in resilience between the three profiles and in life satisfaction between the profile 3 and profiles 1 and 2. The current study allows the possibility of using the GOES as an invariant and reliable scale in Ecuadorian sample and initiates the use of goal orientation profiles and their relationship with resilience and life satisfaction in the sports field.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between narcissism and team cohesion of transformational leadership and individual sports athletes interactions. In particular, individual sports can present a model to verify the level of perception of team cohesion according to the type of record sports and martial arts sports. Transformational leadership, narcissism, and team cohesion were measured among 225 college athletes. SPSS 24.0, Amos 24.0, PROCESS Macro programs (Model No. 5) were used for data analysis. The analysis includes frequency analysis, Cronbach's alpha values, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson's correlation, and moderating effect. Transformational leadership significantly positively affected team cohesion and narcissism. Non-narcissism also significantly positively affected team cohesion. The interaction between transformational leadership and individual athletes was significantly higher for martial arts sports. Team cohesion was also important for athletes in individual sports, thus expanding the boundaries of transformational leadership theory. To cultivate a sports team (organization), strategic sports management will be necessary to enhance team cohesion.

This study investigated the relationships between maternal, paternal, teacher, and peer social support, behavioral engagement, and school burnout among Finnish lower secondary student athletes (n = 209) and regular students (n = 156) using cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in Grade 7. Structural equation modeling revealed positive associations between social support and student behavioral engagement, and negative connections between social support and behavioral engagement and school burnout. Behavioral engagement mediated the association between maternal and peer support and school burnout, and teacher support was the strongest direct predictor of school burnout. Student athletes displayed stronger associations between behavioral engagement and school burnout in comparison to regular students. The results contribute to our understanding of the interplay between individual and environmental resources in shaping student athletes' and regular students' well-being in lower secondary school.

The stay-at-home measures enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic led to sudden changes in the lives of individuals worldwide. For high school student-athletes, these changes meant transitioning to online schooling, heavily reducing their social activities, and enduring the cancelation of sport activities. Scholars have expressed concerns related to the potential consequences of these changes on adolescents' self-identity and psychological distress. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively explore how the changes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic affected high school student-athletes' self-identity and psychological distress. Twenty-two Canadian high school student-athletes were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. Transcripts were subjected to a reflexive thematic analysis, leading to the creation of four central themes: (a) Pre-COVID Identity; (b) COVID Identity Confusion; (c) COVID Psychosocial Distress; and (d) Learning to Dance in the COVID Rain. This study sheds light on the pandemic-related experiences of high school student-athletes in relation to sport cancelation measures and provides insights into how stay-at-home restrictions impacted self-identity and psychological distress levels. These results can help inform interventions aimed at supporting the well-being of high school student-athletes now that school sport programs have resumed operations.

From the chaos of 2020 arose many social conversations, among which were the legal rights of gay and transgender Americans. Landmark cases established precedents for potential legislation and reform regarding the transgender community. One particular issue is that of transgender athletes in college sports. While many are in staunch opposition to a future where people who are born male may play on women's sports teams in college, legal battles indicate the possibility that gender may cease to be a deciding factor in participation on national and collegiate sports teams. The appropriate management of transgender athletes related issues has consequently become an important issue in human resources for colleges and universities. While college athletes are not currently seen as employees, the people who work with them are. The purpose of this paper is to examine, from a human resource management and legal perspective, the issue of transgender athletes playing college sports in both the court of law and the court of public opinion.

The purpose of this study is to examine the academic motivation scale of student adolescent athletes in terms of different variables. Scanning model was used during the research. While the home of the research is composed of children who actively attend formal education and actively engage in sports during the adolescence period, it consists of 552 students who are selected by random practice method, continue formal education and actively engage in sports. In order to collect the research collection, the Personal Information Form maintained by the researcher and the Assistance Academic Motivation Scale by Bozanoglu (2004) were used. All of the collected structures were transferred from IBM-SPSS 25.0 sections, they were found to have normal distribution and were analyzed using the Independent Simple T Test and One Way Anova test. According to the analyzes made, it was determined that there was a fundamental difference between the gender variable and age variable of the athletes participating in the practice and the presence of academic motivation, and there was no difference between the branch variable and the level of academic motivation. It is recommended that The educational institutions in the sports field are advised to provide professional psychological support in order to encourage students to participate in sports.

Although research has shown that the prevalence of ill-being among collegiate student-athletes is greater compared to regular college students and general population, very little is known about the role of coaches in this process. Grounded in the achievement goal and self-determination theories, the aim of this study was to examine the role of coach-created motivational climate on student-athletes' anxiety and depression. A sample for this prospective cohort study was 117 (77 females and 34 males; Mage = 20.24±1.35) student-athletes recruited from one university in the Southeastern US. The research team collected self-reported data via email. The results showed high levels of anxiety (71.4%) and depression (17.3%) among the respondents. Females had almost seven times more likely to have anxiety than males (OR = 6.903, CI95% [1.650, 28.830]), but there were no gender differences in the prevalence of depression (OR = 1.166, CI95% [.442, 3.076]). In addition, parameter estimates suggest that coach-created task-involving climate (X[superscript 2][1] = -1.21 [0.61], p = 0.047, CI95% [-2.41, -0.01]) and autonomy-support (X[superscript 2][1] = -1.21 [0.61], p = 0.047, CI95% [-2.39, -0.04]) were significant negative predictors of anxiety, whereas controlling motivational climate increased student-athletes' anxiety symptoms. Our findings highlight the need for the task- and autonomy-supportive coaching strategies as preventive measures to support student-athletes' mental health.

A vast number of researchers have investigated the impact of nutrition education on children's behavior and attitudes. In most of the studies, it has been revealed that health and balanced nutrition education has a positive effect on students' nutritional habits, body structure and academic achievement. The aim of this study is to determine whether the nutrition education program has an effect on students' nutritional attitudes and behaviors, sports attitudes and performance, and academic achievement. For this purpose, an experimental research design with pretest-posttest control group was used. A total of 60 students in the experimental and control groups participated in the research in Kazakhstan. The data of the study were collected with the 'Nutritional Behavior Scale', 'Attitude towards Nutrition Scale', 'Sport Performance Scale', 'Attitude towards Sports Scale' and 'General Academic Achievement Test'. According to the results of the study, the students who received the nutrition education program achieved positive nutrition attitudes and behaviors, higher sports performance and attitudes compared to the students in the control group who did not undergo any experimental procedure. However, no significant difference was found in the general academic achievement of the experimental and control groups.

This study aimed to identify the factors that lead to ineffective practice and the decreasing motivation of junior high school athletes for physical training in preparation for City Meet and EVRAA. To point out the several factors contributing to the problem, the researcher used the Ishikawa diagram. An Ishikawa diagram is a visual representation that graphically depicts the relationships between a certain result and its causes. The studied effect or negative problem is called "the fish head," and the potential causes and sub-causes are called "the fishbone structure." It was found out that people as a factor, in consideration of the student athlete's privileges and incentives, the distance of the practice venue from the school, school service for transportation, availability, and maintenance of sports equipment are some of the causes that might result in a certain problem in introducing and uplifting sports to our students. In conclusion, the concerns that complicate a problem require professional agreement and smart decisions. This, in turn, will lead to a harmonious flow of events and a successful potential athlete that needs to be recognized in a certain field of skills. Motivational aspects largely influence athletes' performance as well.

Sports is a new science that shapes human behavior and spiritual structure through individual or team games, movements, and various competitions, as well as improving individuals physically. In this study, it was aimed to examine the the reflection of school sports team life on their development. The research was a descriptive phenomenological study in qualitative design. A phenomenological study is a research that focuses on what people experience and how they experience what they experience. The population of the research consisted of female athlete students who study in public primary, secondary and high schools within the borders of Kepez District of Antalya province in the 2022-2023 academic year, and the sample of the study consisted of 8 female athlete students studying at primary and secondary school in Aslanlar Secondary School. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form consisting of 5 questions prepared by the researcher and including questions about personal information was used. As a result of the research, it was found that sports team life had many positive benefits for social development, personality development, physical development and academic development.

Within the Canadian university sports context, athletics departments are increasingly partnering with community sports organizations to promote youth sports participation, while simultaneously providing student-athletes with volunteer opportunities aimed at developing civically engaged young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of varsity student-athlete volunteers (n = 10) within a university athletics-community sports partnership program. Volunteers discussed their motivations to volunteer in the partnership program and highlighted various benefits for themselves (e.g., transferable skill development), the youth athletes (e.g., having relatable role models), and the institution and community more broadly (e.g., enhanced community outreach, credibility of programming). Key takeaways and practical recommendations are provided with the aim of fostering quality volunteer experiences within these partnership programs.

The unifying power of sport not only brings different cultures and people together but can also transcend social, economic and political differences between people. The unifying power and health benefits of sport among people around the world are indisputable. However, it is important to provide the right sports education from an early age in order to use and manage sports properly and to prevent negative consequences. For this reason, this study aims to reveal the fair play perception of Kazakh and Turkish athlete students who grew up in different cultures and prefer sports sciences in their university education. A total of 56 student-athletes studying sports sciences participated in the study. Case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The data of the study were obtained by applying a personal information form to the athletes and asking them to complete the sentence "Fair play is like.../similar; because...". The data collection tool was applied by the researchers. The metaphors produced by the athletes were categorized as friendship, justice, respect for Kazakh students and honesty, respect, faith, and character for Turkish students. It is thought that the values, norms and expectations in which athletes from different countries are raised shape the perception of fair play.

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine if and to what extent there is a correlation between athletes' motivational styles (intrinsic, external, identified, introjected, integrated, and amotivated) and the individual performance construct of athletes' satisfaction within a two-year university system in the Western United States. The theoretical framework for assessing the correlation between athletes' motivational styles and satisfaction is self-determination theory (SDT). Six research questions addressed correlations between athletes' motivational styles of intrinsic, external, identified, introjected, integrated, and amotivated, and the individual performance construct of athletes' satisfaction. The sample included 28 university student-athletes who play team sports within a two-year university system in the Western United States. The dataset included Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) and Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) instruments, which collected data within a single online system: Survey Hero. Due to COVID-19, the research study site was shut prematurely. Therefore, a low number of responses was collected from participants. A Kendall's tau-b correlational analysis showed significant evidence to accept the null hypothesis and conclude there was no association between intrinsic tb = 0.262, external tb = -0.012, identified tb = 0.114, introjected tb = 0.23, integrated tb = 0.068, and amotivated tb = 0.075 motivation and athletes' satisfaction (M = 14.89; SD = 4.59). A post hoc analysis was then performed on each research question and concluded that there is at least a 90.7% chance of committing a type II error. The results may not fit the general population across other states.

The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have short- and long-term psycho-social consequences on individuals besides serious physical and mental effects, especially for young people. These days, when psychological problems are more noticeable, especially in young athletes, it is possible to trigger various anxiety disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress caused by the pandemic. Considering that psychological characteristics such as depression, anxiety, and stress in young people may increase the risk of psycho-social disorders, this study aims to examine the effect of the fear of COVID-19 on the depression, anxiety, and stress levels of undergraduate athlete students and to seek an answer to the question of whether psychological resilience has a mediating role. The research was carried out with 372 athlete students studying at the undergraduate level and continuing their sports lives actively. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables in data analysis. The results of the study show that psychological resilience has a significant predictor effect on depression, anxiety, and stress.

In combat sports, competition preparation is crucial, but research on this topic has been limited due to a lack of measurement tools. This study aimed to develop and validate the Multidimensional Assessment of Preparation for Sport Competition (MAPSC). In the first step, 61 athletes and 39 coaches collaborated to conceptualize and develop preliminary items, resulting in five domains (psychological, physical, emotional, environmental, and informational preparation) and the creation of 52 preliminary items. The second step collected data from 608 student-athletes and utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to test internal validity. The MAPSC was structured to include five-factors and 25 items. Finally, the correlations between MAPSC, self-management, and sport confidence, as well as differences in MAPSC based on winning experience in national competitions, were tested. In conclusion, MAPSC has been developed and confirmed as a valid measurement for assessing competition preparation strategies in combat sport. Coaches and athletes can use this tool to prepare for competitions systematically and strategically.

This paper explores the future of college student mental health from students' perspective. The authors of this manuscript are four undergraduate and graduate students from two different universities. In the context of growing demand and intensity of mental health issues and the increased diversity of student identities on college campuses, the authors outline students' specific needs and what institutions can do to support their mental health needs. Two specific strategies are highlighted -- peer support and mental health days.

This study explores the experiences of international college athletes (ICAs) at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III (DIII) small private institution in the Southern part of the United States (U.S.). ICAs are an integral part of the athletic and academic community and have been part of the NCAA for over 50 years; however, there is limited research surrounding this population's experience of belonging at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially at the NCAA DIII level. Drawing on Strayhorn and Merleau-Ponty, this study employs focus groups to examine the lived experience of ICAs (n = 18) and their sense of belonging. The findings reveal the challenges ICAs face, how they overcome these challenges by finding belonging, and feeling forced to assimilate to fit in. We conclude with suggestions for the NCAA and its member institutions, including the need for more research to be conducted on ICAs, particularly at the DIII level.

Inequalities related to racial identity are consistently reported across social institutions, not least education, and sport. These inequalities consistently challenge 'post-race' narratives that rationalise racism down to individual prejudices and poor decision-making. This paper presents part of the findings from a wider a twelve-month research project commissioned by British University and Colleges Sport (BUCS) to explore race equality. This wider research privileged the voices of non-White students and staff in an exploration of race and equality in British UK university sport. 'Non-white' was chosen as a race identifier to focus on Whiteness, the normalised, raceless power that reproduces itself both knowingly and unknowingly, to ensure racial 'others' remain subordinate. This paper presents the findings of the student voices. In this study a research team of academic and student researchers explored the experiences of 38 students across five universities. Generating case studies from each university, the data was analysed from an Intersectional and Critical Race Theory perspective. Two core themes relating to negotiating Whiteness were developed from the data analysis which reflected experiences of university sport as predominantly White spaces; 'Play by the Rules' and 'Keep You Guessing'. Racial abuse was subtle, camouflaged in comments and actions that happened momentarily and hence were implausible to capture and evidence. For incidents to be addressed, evidence had to meet a 'beyond doubt' standard. Students were required to consciously negotiate racial bias and abuse to ensure they did not provide a justification for abuse. Navigating racialisation and stereotypes, plus White denial, was additional emotional labour for students. This mechanism of silencing the victim served to normalise racism for both the abused and perpetrator. The conclusion explores potential ways of disrupting these mechanisms of Whiteness in placing students' welfare at the heart of university sport.

Black men and boys have been constructed as libidinous threats to white womanhood and white racial purity since the sixteenth century. In the wake of the landmark "Brown" decision, white citizens fused the Black male rapist trope with segregation theology to create private segregation academies to minimize Black-white contact. These schools remain more segregated than traditional public schools. The participants in this study were recruited to a private Catholic high school where the entire Black population was made up of Black boys who played a sport and whose interracial relationships with white girls triggered resistance. Drawing from qualitative data, the purpose of this paper is to highlight five Black boys' experiences with phallic-based Negrophobia in a predominantly white and private Catholic high school. Findings reveal that participants realized they were transgressing institutional boundaries to preserve a racial order, and their transgressions were constantly policed and monitored.

Across sports, there has been a dramatic shift toward earlier and more frequent specialization, leading to a decrease in multi-sport athletes at the high school level. A student-athlete may be able to participate in three high school sports, however it likely precludes them from devoting enough time to a primary, future college sport. The multi-sport logistics are increasingly difficult, and for many student-athletes there is pressure to choose a primary sport and invest fully in that pursuit. This article discusses athletic development models that attempt to provide more direction and guidance to the athletic development process.

Objective: To identify (1) university educators' perceptions of academic adjustments (AA), and (2) if teaching experience correlated with AA perceptions following concussion. Participants: Two hundred twenty educators. Methods: University educators were invited to complete a survey containing four subsections; this manuscript focuses on AA following concussion. Objective 1 was descriptive; we conducted spearman's rho correlations between years of teaching experience and AA perceptions to address objective 2. Results: Educators were moderately familiar with AA but were not confident in their knowledge about AA following concussion. Participants who provided AA following concussion most often allowed excused absences and extra time for exams/assignments. There were no significant relationships between teaching experience and perceptions of AA. Conclusions: University educators largely feel unprepared to provide or recommend AA following concussion but had favorable AA perceptions following concussion. Standardized policies or referral sites within the university system may be warranted to improve post-concussion AA.

Disparities in sexual minority (SM) sports participation have become better established in recent years, yet factors contributing to sport persistence among those who are involved in sport remain relatively unexplored. Using data from 23 qualitative interviews with SM college students who were high school athletes, we examined factors that influence sport persistence among this group. Our analyses revealed that physical aspects of sports participation - the embodied sense of movement and/or the physical contact with other athletes - influences sports persistence in different ways for sexual minority (SM) athletes of various genders. SM men frequently discussed participating in sports for external reasons that related to their perceptions about their own bodies' attractiveness. For SM women and non-binary individuals, however, the internal physical sensations derived from sports were empowering and facilitated sport persistence. However, for participants of all genders, the sexualization of their queer selves by others within their sports context affects their safety, performance, and presence depending upon the physicalness of the game. We argue that making queerness more visible in sports may alleviate the burden faced by SM athletes who are isolated as the only queer person on their teams and allows for a positive physical experience.

Despite the growth of attention on racial engagement in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), limited studies have examined Latinx college athletes' participation in activism. Guided by the student leader activist identity continuum framework, this qualitative study interviewed seven NCAA Division I Latinx college athletes to explore factors that encouraged or discouraged them from participating in activism. The findings revealed that athletic departments and families influenced students' decisions to engage in activism, as well as concerns about image. Participants also pointed to a lack of conversation on Latinx issues in the NCAA and college campuses. The article concludes with recommendations for academic and athletic stakeholders.

The understanding that students on varsity baseball teams exhibit lower academic performance amid the growth of baseball in Taiwan is well established. However, some studies have indicated a positive correlation between sports participation and academic achievement. Therefore, this study delved into the causal relationships between baseball-team participation and academic performance among ninth-grade students in Taiwan. It further explored the influence of various background factors based on the three facets of family capital on their academic performance. Data collected from an education longitudinal survey of secondary school students. Through bivariate analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the following findings emerged: (a) Baseball-team students exhibited 47.5 points lower academic performance than non-baseball-team ones. (b)The low academic performance was not exclusively a result of the poorer academic performance of indigenous students. (c)The hypothesis that three dimensions of family capital impact on academic performance was supported. (d) Baseball-team participation contributed to the low academic performance, which was not caused by the low eighth-grade results of the students. They exhibited low BCT scores after their 8th-grade results was controlled.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) established policies for the inclusion of transgender athletes to compete in collegiate sport that align with their gender identity. Despite this access, the extent to which collegiate sport environments are welcoming, inclusive and supportive of transgender athletes is unclear. Understanding coaches' perceptions and attitudes is particularly salient given the critical, and often personal, nature of coach-athlete relationships and the impact coaches have on sport environments [Kuhlin, F., Barker-Ruchti, N., & Stewart, C. (2020). Long-term impact of the coach-athlete relationship on development, health and wellbeing: stories from a figure skater. "Sports Coaching Review," 9(2), 208-230; Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2013). The perceived effects of elite athletes' experiences of emotional abuse in the coach-athlete relationship. "International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology," 11(1), 87-100]. NCAA coaches' perceptions of, and attitudes towards the inclusion of transgender athletes is unknown, and thus the degree to which coaches are creating safe, or harmful, environments for transgender athletes is unknown. The present study aims investigate coaches' perceptions to be able to inform policy and education for promoting inclusive, safe environments for transgender athletes. We asked NCAA coaches (N = 1358) to describe the reasoning for their beliefs regarding the inclusion of transgender athletes in collegiate sports. Through reflexive thematic analysis, we determined coaches' reasoning for their perceptions, within the context of five higher-order themes: (a) It's not right: Transgender identities as invalid, (b) A need to protect (cis) women's sports, (c) Transgender rights are human rights, (d) Sport's role in society and coaches' role in sport and (e) I am not sure what I believe. Analyses illuminate avenues for transgender athlete inclusion training for coaches.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Second Issue of our Double Special Edition on LGBTQIA+ Topics in Health, Wellbeing and Education. This special issue focuses on LGBTQIA+ Topics in Sport, Human Movement and Education. We introduce the issue by outlining the debate about the 'inclusivity' of queer bodies in sport. We then introduce each article and explain how they fit into these larger debates in sport and education. We conclude the paper by outlining key takeaways from the issue. We also provide recommendations for future LGBTQIA+ research in sport, human movement and education.

There is increasing interest in the role sports coaches are expected to play in supporting the mental health of elite and sub-elite athletes. This paper presents the first single-sport, mixed-methods, study of UK athletics coaches' mental health literacy (MHL). We extend previous quantitative survey-based UK studies by incorporating the qualitative lived experiences of coaches into the analysis. We explore coaches' knowledge of mental health and illness, experience of mental health training, and willingness to support athletes with mental illness. An online survey of 184 UK athletics coaches revealed that MHL was highest among women, younger coaches, and coaches with less experience. No statistical differences were found between MHL score and disability, sexuality or region in which coaches worked. Interviews held with a sub-sample of 25 survey respondents revealed a lack of clear consensus about what constitutes mental health and mental illness, and that coaches' everyday views of these did not always correspond with formal definitions or conceptualisations. Coaches' views were instead typically characterised by dominant psychological and psychiatric understandings of mental health and illness, while the significance of social relations and inequalities were often overlooked. There was a general willingness among coaches to support athlete mental health as an aspect of their duty of care, but most lacked the relevant training and understanding to do so effectively because such training was not implemented systematically within their organisational practice. Coaches' call for mandatory athletics-specific mental health training was one strategy thought to better enhance coaches' skills, knowledge and intentions to provide and seek mental health support. Important though MHL training and other sources of support is, we conclude that this is likely insufficient on its own and that there is a parallel need for multi-level, systems-wide, approaches in sport and wider society to better support the mental health of everyone.

There is a dearth of research with LGBTQI+ youth in PE and school sport, with particularly deep silences in relation to trans youth. Drawing from a qualitative study with trans and gender diverse youth in second-level schools in Ireland, this paper explores how trans and gender diverse young people are negotiating PE and school sport. A total of nineteen trans and gender diverse young people participated in this study; thirteen young people participated in semi-structured interviews while twelve young people took part in three arts-based workshops. In this paper, we home in on the modalities of inclusion experienced by trans and gender diverse young people as they navigated gendered classification and ordering practices in PE and school sport. Leaning on theoretical insights into the politics of inclusion for LGBTQI+ people, we demonstrate the limited effects of supporting trans and gender diverse young people via individualising methods of inclusion when PE and school-based sport are predicated so fundamentally on an intensely policed cis-heteronormative gender binary. Ultimately, the accounts of the young people in this study steer us towards the necessity to move beyond individualist modalities of inclusion and reimagine the architecture of gender at work in PE and school sport.