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Background: Various technologies are used to digitalise human walking (gait) using quantitative data. Motion capture systems, instrumented walkways, and force platforms are perceived as the reference standards in gait assessment, but are costly and have low accessibility. Wearable devices (inertial measurement units, IMUs) are effective and affordable to assess gait with additional advantages such as use during free-living for extended periods of time (e.g. a day). Spatial and temporal outcomes along with kinetic, kinematic, and muscle functionality are widely used gait characteristics to describe impaired gait and may indicate specific biomechanical deficits. However, the number of studies that investigates multiple gait characteristics is limited due to the complexities of using multiple technologies. Therefore, existing conceptual gait models used to ease the understanding of the complexities in neurological gait assessment by detailing gait domains (e.g. pace) with subcategories of characteristics (e.g. step time), are limited to IMU-based spatiotemporal outcomes.Aim: To improve current conceptual gait models using multi-modal wearable sensing (IMU-Electromyography (EMG)).

Background: Assessment of gait/walking, especially kinematics of the lower limb, may allow subtle problems to be detected and treated within clinics (Favre et al. 2008). Traditionally, this has been done using costly devices such as motion systems or electronic goniometers. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide cost-effective opportunities for digitising gait with additional advantages e.g., use during free-living. Digitally constructed lower limb segments can be useful by providing insightful habitual data about joint movements when investigating gait and falls after knee replacements. Aim:To investigate IMU validity for knee flexion angle using an electronic goniometer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gait and turning impairments are common in people with Parkinson disease (PwPD). Tactile cues delivered in open- or closed-loop modalities may improve gait and turning in PwPD, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Attention stemming from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may play a role in cue response, but PFC contributions to specific cue modalities are unclear. Examining how open- and closed-loop cueing influences PFC activity during walking and turning in PwPD may elucidate mechanisms involved in cue response, which could advance development of effective therapeutics. We examined PFC activity during walking and turning in response to open- and closed-loop cueing in PwPD, and explored relationships between PFC activity and behavioral measures.\ud \ud METHODS: A mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy device measured PFC activity during walking and turning in 25 PwPD (n = 13 freezers, n = 12 nonfreezers). Participants performed 180° and 360° turns while walking, and a 2-minute walk under single- and dual-task (AX-CPT) conditions with and without an open- (metronome-like vibration) or closed-loop (biofeedback vibration) tactile cue.\ud \ud RESULTS: PFC activity did not change when walking or turning in PwPD; freezing status or task demands did not influence PFC activity. With both open- and closed-loop cueing dual-task cost of gait significantly improved, whereas turning slowed.\ud \ud DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results indicate that both open- and closed-loop cueing can improve gait without additional burden to the PFC beyond usual walking. However, turning while walking slowed with cueing with no PFC activity change. Further investigations are necessary to establish these findings in a larger cohort.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, the Video, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A280).

BackgroundThere are three principle forms of vascular access available for the treatment of children with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) by haemodialysis: tunnelled catheters placed in a central vein (central venous lines, CVLs), arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), and arteriovenous grafts (AVG) using prosthetic or biological material. Compared with the adult literature, there are few studies in children to provide evidence based guidelines for optimal vascular access type or its management and outcomes in children with ESKD.MethodsThe European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group (ESPN Dialysis WG) have developed recommendations for the choice of access type, pre-operative evaluation, monitoring, and prevention and management of complications of different access types in children with ESKD.ResultsFor adults with ESKD on haemodialysis, the principle of “Fistula First” has been key to changing the attitude to vascular access for haemodialysis. However, data from multiple observational studies and the International Paediatric Haemodialysis Network registry suggest that CVLs are associated with a significantly higher rate of infections and access dysfunction, and need for access replacement. Despite this, AVFs are used in only ∼25% of children on haemodialysis. It is important to provide the right access for the right patient at the right time in their life-course of renal replacement therapy, with an emphasis on venous preservation at all times. While AVFs may not be suitable in the very young or those with an anticipated short dialysis course before transplantation, many paediatric studies have shown that AVFs are superior to CVLs.ConclusionsHere we present clinical practice recommendations for AVFs and CVLs in children with ESKD. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system has been used to develop and GRADE the recommendations. In the absence of high quality evidence, the opinion of experts from the ESPN Dialysis WG is provided, but is clearly GRADE-ed as such and must be carefully considered by the treating physician, and adapted to local expertise and individual patient needs as appropriate.

Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References, Learning objectives: This educational exhibit will: Explain the need for endovascular management of aorto-bi-iliac aneurysms while maintaining pelvic perfusion. Illustrate the different methods of endovascular treatment of aorto-bi-iliac aneurysms while maintaining...

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of percutaneous angioplasty in the treatment of juxta-anastomotic dialysis AVF stenoses at our institution and compare our results with the published literature. INTRODUCTION Haemodialysis is used in up to 80% of...

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: An audit toassessCT renal angiogramtechniqueas well as the accuracy ofreporting the displayed renal vascular anatomyforthose CT renal angiograms performed prior to laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. The proposed Gold Standard is as follows: Allvariant...