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13. The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe

Author

Parfitt, Simon A., Barendregt, René W., Breda, Marzia, Candy, Ian, Collins, Matthew J., Coope, G. Russell, Durbidge, Paul, Field, Mike H., Lee, Jonathan R., Lister, Adrian M., Mutch, Robert, Penkman, Kirsty E. H., Preece, Richard C., Rose, James, Stringer, Christopher B., Symmons, Robert, Whittaker, John E., Wymer, John J., and Stuart, Anthony J.

Published
2005
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18. Evolution and extinction of the giant rhinoceros Elasmotherium sibiricum sheds light on late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions

Author

Kosintsev, Pavel, primary, Mitchell, Kieren J., additional, Devièse, Thibaut, additional, van der Plicht, Johannes, additional, Kuitems, Margot, additional, Petrova, Ekaterina, additional, Tikhonov, Alexei, additional, Higham, Thomas, additional, Comeskey, Daniel, additional, Turney, Chris, additional, Cooper, Alan, additional, van Kolfschoten, Thijs, additional, Stuart, Anthony J., additional, and Lister, Adrian M., additional

Published
2018
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22. Millennial climatic fluctuations are key to the structure of last glacial ecosystems

Author

Huntley, Brian, Allen, Judy R. M., Collingham, Yvonne C., Hickler, Thomas, Lister, Adrian M., Singarayer, Joy, Stuart, Anthony J., Sykes, Martin T., Valdes, Paul J., Huntley, Brian, Allen, Judy R. M., Collingham, Yvonne C., Hickler, Thomas, Lister, Adrian M., Singarayer, Joy, Stuart, Anthony J., Sykes, Martin T., and Valdes, Paul J.

Abstract

Whereas fossil evidence indicates extensive treeless vegetation and diverse grazing megafauna in Europe and northern Asia during the last glacial, experiments combining vegetation models and climate models have to-date simulated widespread persistence of trees. Resolving this conflict is key to understanding both last glacial ecosystems and extinction of most of the mega-herbivores. Using a dynamic vegetation model (DVM) we explored the implications of the differing climatic conditions generated by a general circulation model (GCM) in “normal” and “hosing” experiments. Whilst the former approximate interstadial conditions, the latter, designed to mimic Heinrich Events, approximate stadial conditions. The “hosing” experiments gave simulated European vegetation much closer in composition to that inferred from fossil evidence than did the “normal” experiments. Given the short duration of interstadials, and the rate at which forest cover expanded during the late-glacial and early Holocene, our results demonstrate the importance of millennial variability in determining the character of last glacial ecosystems.

Published
2013

27. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Sequence of Buran-Kaya III (Crimea, Ukraine): New Stratigraphic, Paleoenvironmental, and Chronological Results

Author

Péan, Stéphane, primary, Puaud, Simon, additional, Crépin, Laurent, additional, Prat, Sandrine, additional, Quiles, Anita, additional, van der Plicht, Johannes, additional, Valladas, Hélène, additional, Stuart, Anthony J, additional, Drucker, Dorothée G, additional, Patou-Mathis, Marylène, additional, Lanoë, François, additional, and Yanevich, Aleksandr, additional

Published
2013
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32. Middle Pleistocene interglacial Thames–Medway deposits at Clacton-on-Sea, England: Reconsideration of the biostratigraphical and environmental context of the type Clactonian Palaeolithic industry

Author

Bridgland, David R., primary, Field, Michael H., additional, Holmes, Jonathan A., additional, McNabb, John, additional, Preece, Richard C., additional, Selby, Ian, additional, Wymer, John J., additional, Boreham, Steve, additional, Irving, Brian G., additional, Parfitt, Simon A., additional, and Stuart, Anthony J., additional

Published
1999
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35. The extinction of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) in Europe

Author

Stuart, Anthony J.

Subjects
*MAMMOTHS, *FOSSIL elephants, *MAMMUTHUS meridionalis, *POPULATION biology
Abstract

Together with several other megafaunal species in Northern Eurasia, Mammuthus primigenius and Palaeoloxodon antiquus became extinct in the Last Glacial–Interglacial cycle, but they had very different ecologies, times of extinction and ‘last stands’ in different regions. The dramatic contraction in mammoth range ca. 12 kyr (uncalibrated 14C chronology), after which known populations were confined to Northern Siberia (mainly Taymyr and Wrangel Island), correlates well with the extensive spread of trees in the Allerød phase of the Late Glacial Interstadial. The return of open steppe-tundra in the Younger Dryas cold phase, ca. 10.6–10 kyr, saw a limited re-expansion into NE Europe, followed by retraction and apparent extinction of mainland populations, which can be correlated with the marked loss of open habitats in the early Holocene. In contrast, at the end of the Last Interglacial, the retreat of P. antiquus to S. Europe, where it may have survived to ca. 50–34 kyr, can be linked to the loss of woodland habitats elsewhere. Although in both species, climate acting through vegetational changes evidently drove these range shifts, environmental change alone appears insufficient to account for extinctions. However, the possible role of human hunters is also still unclear. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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