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In this study, the modification of leather surface by application of TiO2-SiO2-GLYMO (3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) nanocomposite coating and plasma treatment with N2 gas activation is investigated by using Small and Wide Angle X-ray scattering methods. The protective properties were tried to be developed with TEOS and HMDSO polymers’ usage in the coating process by following and controlling nano scale structural changes. The main aim was the controls of nanoscaled surface modifications and determination of the best coating process by keeping natural structure of the leathers. These scattering methods were useful to investigate the coating effects on the PTLs (Plasma Treated Leathers)’ internal structures including collagen microfibers and nanofibers which are hierarchical structures of triple helix collagen. The main purpose of the work was investigate whether the structural change in the natural form of the leather is present or not in the molecular-nanoscopic and microscopic scales after the coating and the applied physico-bio-chemical processes. On the other hand, the successful protective coatings and surface modifications were determined with SAXS analyses by controlling the shape, size and distance distributions of the appeared nanoglobular aggregations. The observations of structural changes taking place within collagen fibrils as a result of surface modification provides new insight into the nature of finishing and informs future processing developments. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis.

Exopolysaccharide producing starter cultures enable manufacturing “clean labeled” foods with improved textural and nutritional properties. The structural and technological analyses were performed on the ropy exopolysaccharides of six Lactobacillus plantarum. The incubation temperature, time and pH affected the exopolysaccharide production and high exopolysaccharide was produced in the presence of sucrose and maltose. The viscosity of exopolysaccharide was high at acidic conditions except PFC311E that showed viscous at neutral pH. Lactobacillus plantarum strains produced between 120 and 400 mg/L exopolysaccharide in which the highest was observed at L. plantarum PFC311. Exoploysaccharides were degraded over 300 °C except PFC311E that degraded at 295.7 °C. The NMR analyses revealed that the exopolysaccharides were synthesized by ?1-6, ?1-3 and ?1-4 bonds with glucose, galactose and fructose moieties. In conclusion, L. plantarum PFC311 produced ropy exopolysaccharide with different structural, rheological and thermal properties and reveals potential to be used in food industry. © 2019, The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology. 1160525 The Scientific and Technogical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) supported this study with the Project number 1160525. We also thank to Prof. Dr. Nazım Usta for giving opportunities to do the thermal analysis of EPSs and also interpreting the results.

A new amperometric glucose sensor has been fabricated based on a composite film prepared by electrochemical polymerization of carbazole derivative with having free amino group in presence of the Keggin type polyoxometalate (POM) anion, (nBu4N)3[PW9O34(tBuSiOH)3]. During the electropolymerization of 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AAC) on graphite electrode, simultaneously the POM has entrapped in the produced PAAC polymer film. POM/PAAC composite film was successfully synthesized and characterized with electrochemical techniques and surface morphology analyses. Metal/organic conducting polymeric composite has been composed of positively charged PAAC based conducting polymer and negatively charged POM structures. The amperometric response of the POM/PAAC-GOx modified electrode versus varying concentrations of glucose was studied at a potential value of −0.7 V (Ag/AgCl). It was determined that the POM/PAAC composite structure with the best sensor response has the lowest oxidation potential among the composite structures prepared at different ratios. Sensitivity of the POM/PAAC based sensor platform for actual glucose detections has been calculated as 66.66μA mM-1cm−2 with a linear detection range from 0.1 to 10 mM and detection limit of 0.099 mM. The POM/PACC composite has a unique structure thanks to such advantages the multiple redox reaction, high reactivity and rapid electron transfer of POMs. Especially, as-prepared this composite displayed high electrocatalytic activity for the amperometric detection of glucose with rapid response time, good sensitivity and reproducibility, acceptable recovery and simple preparation. © 2018 The Electrochemical Society.

A nanoporous metal–organic framework material, exhibiting an IRMOF-1 type crystalline structure, was prepared by following a direct solvothermal synthesis approach, using zinc nitrate and terephthalic acid as precursors and dimethylformamide as solvent, combined with supercritical CO2 activation and vacuum outgassing procedures. A series of advanced characterization methods were employed, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared radiation spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, in order to study the morphology, surface chemistry and structure of the IRMOF-1 material directly upon its synthesis. Porosity properties, such as Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific area (∼520 m2/g) and micropore volume (∼0.2 cm3/g), were calculated for the activated sample based on N2 gas sorption data collected at 77 K. The H2 storage performance was preliminary assessed by low-pressure (0–1 bar) H2 gas adsorption and desorption measurements at 77 K. The activated IRMOF-1 material of this study demonstrated a fully reversible H2 sorption behavior combined with an adequate gravimetric H2 uptake relative to its BET specific area, thus achieving a value of ∼1 wt.% under close-to-atmospheric pressure conditions. © 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC 42 23899 23907 23899-23907

L1521E is a dense starless core in Taurus that was found to have relatively low molecular depletion by earlier studies, thus suggesting a recent formation. We aim to characterize the chemical structure of L1521E and compare it to the more evolved L1544 pre-stellar core. We have obtained $\sim$2.5$\times$2.5 arcminute maps toward L1521E using the IRAM-30m telescope in transitions of various species. We derived abundances for the species and compared them to those obtained toward L1544. We estimated CO depletion factors. Similarly to L1544, $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ and CH$_3$OH peak at different positions. Most species peak toward the $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ peak. The CO depletion factor derived toward the $Herschel$ dust peak is 4.3$\pm$1.6, which is about a factor of three lower than that toward L1544. The abundances of sulfur-bearing molecules are higher toward L1521E than toward L1544 by factors of $\sim$2-20. The abundance of methanol is similar toward the two cores. The higher abundances of sulfur-bearing species toward L1521E than toward L1544 suggest that significant sulfur depletion takes place during the dynamical evolution of dense cores, from the starless to pre-stellar stage. The CO depletion factor measured toward L1521E suggests that CO is more depleted than previously found. Similar CH$_3$OH abundances between L1521E and L1544 hint that methanol is forming at specific physical conditions in Taurus, characterized by densities of a few $\times$10$^4$ cm$^{-3}$ and $N$(H$_2$)$\gtrsim$10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$, when CO starts to catastrophically freeze-out, while water can still be significantly photodissociated, so that the surfaces of dust grains become rich in solid CO and CH$_3$OH, as already found toward L1544. Methanol can thus provide selective crucial information about the transition region between dense cores and the surrounding parent cloud., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, abstract abridged

In the invited article, we review observations on changes in meteorite texture relevant to the early stages of formation of the Solar System based on the experimental shock wave loading of the material at the laboratory. Investigation of the physical and structural properties of high-pressure impacts on meteorites is important for few reasons, such as: Protection of the Earth from the near-Earth objects (NEOs); Study of processes that cannot yet be achieved under laboratory conditions; Understanding of conditions for asteroid mining. © 2019 IUPAC & De Gruyter. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For more information, please visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/2019.

A spherical geometry shock experiment with the light-colored lithology material of the Chelyabinsk LL5 ordinary chondrite was carried out. The material was affected by shock and thermal metamorphism whose grade ranged from initial stage S3-4 to complete melting. The temperature and pressure were estimated at >2000°С and >90 GPa. The textural shock effects were studied by optical and electron microscopy. A single experimental impact has produced the whole the range of shock pressures and temperatures and, correspondingly, four zones identified by petrographic analysis: (1) a melt zone, (2) a zone of melting silicates, (3) a black ring zone, and (4) a zone of weakly shocked initial material. The following textural features of the material were identified: displacement of the metal and troilite phases from the central melt zone; the development of a zone of mixed lithology (light-colored fragments in silicate melt); the origin of a dark-colored lithology ring; and the generation of radiating shock veinlets. The experimental sample shows four textural zones that correspond to the different lithology types of the Chelyabinsk LL5 meteorite found in fragments of the meteoritic shower in the collection at the Ural Federal University. Our results prove that shock wave loading experiment can be successfully applied in modeling of space shocks and can be used to experimentally model processes at the small bodies of the solar system. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

WOS: 000468368400012, Science Citation Index Expanded, In this study, mid and high frequency vibration analysis of line connected composite structures having structural uncertainty obtained by mass variability is performed by using a procedure of modal impedance based statistical energy analysis (SEA). The procedure proposed here calculates finite system impedances in terms of modal information for each subsystem and uses these impedances in the prediction of SEA parameters. Modal information is extracted from finite element method by providing approximate physical boundary condition similarity of each subsystem with entire system. The procedure, on the contrary of classical SEA, considers not only driving point infinite impedances but also transfer point finite impedances to represent the total energy of the finite system more realistically. The procedure utilizes a dimension reducing principle based on point impedances to obtain line connection impedances. It is tested for line connected stiffened plate consisting of two isotropic beams and an eight layered symmetrically laminated composite plate having random mass variability. Its accuracy and capacity are presented by the results of finite element method based Monte Carlo simulations and classical SEA., Bu çalışmada, kütlesel rastgelelikle elde edilen yapısal belirsizliğe sahip çizgisel bağlı kompozit yapıların orta ve yüksek frekans titreşim analizi için bir modal empedans tabanlı istatistiksel enerji analizi (İEA) yordamı sunulmuştur. Önerilen yaklaşım her bir altsistemin modal bilgilerini elde ederek sonlu sistem empedanslarını hesaplar ve bu empedansları İEA parametrelerinin tahmin edilmesinde kullanır. Modal bilgiler, her bir altsistemin tüm sisteme göre yaklaşık fiziksel sınır koşulu benzerliğini de sağlayarak, sonlu elemanlar metodu (SEM) ile hesaplanır. Yöntem, klasik İEA yönteminin aksine sadece zorlama noktası sonsuz empedansını değil sonlu transfer noktasal empedanslarını da hesaba katarak, sonlu sistemin toplam enerjisini daha gerçekçi olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yöntem çizgisel bağlantı empedanslarını elde etmek için, noktasal empedanslar üzerinden gerçekleştirilen bir boyut indirgeme prensibinden yararlanır. Burada yöntem, iki adet izotropik çubuk ve kütlesel rastgele değişkenliğe sahip sekiz tabakalı bir simetrik kompozit plakadan oluşan çizgisel bağlantılı bir güçlendirilmiş kompozit yapı ile test edilmiştir. Sunulan yaklaşımın doğruluğu ve başarısı sonlu elemanlar (SE) tabanlı Monte Carlo simülasyonları ve klasik İEA sonuçları ile ortaya konmuştur.

This work focused on the synthesis of new tertiary amines by varying the alkyl chain length with/without hydroxyl group in the structure. The effect of chemical structure of newly synthesized tertiary amines; 4-(dimethylamino)-2-butanol (DMAB), 4-(dipropylamino)-2-butanol (DPAB), 4-(dibutylamino)-2-butanol (DBAB), 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)-2-butanol (HEMAB) and 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(ethyl)amino)-2-butanol (HEEAB) were evaluated based on CO2 equilibrium solubility and cyclic capacity, as well as rates and heats of CO2 absorption and regeneration. The results showed that three amines (i.e. DMAB, HEMAB and HEEAB) had the highest CO2 absorption capacity (0.88, 0.44 and 0.68 mol CO2/mol amine at 313 K temperature and 15 kPa CO2 partial pressure), and cyclic capacity (0.52, 0.26 and 0.40 at 313-353 K temperature range, 15 kPa CO2 partial pressure). These amines also had fast CO2 absorption rate (0.082, 0.111 and 0.142 mol CO2/min) and CO2 regeneration rate (0.512, 0.452 and 0.295 mol CO2/min) while maintaining low heat of CO2 absorption (-34.17, -56.21 and -69.79 kJ/mol CO2) and heat input of CO2 regeneration (39.73, 60.48 and 72.44 kJ/mol CO2). Based on these results, DMAB, HEMAB, and HEEAB can be considered to be promising amine components for blending for a post combustion CO2 capture process. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The financial support from Overseas Research Experience Scholarship for Graduate Students , Graduate School at Chulalongkorn University is acknowledged. Supports from Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute - CETRI (previously known as International Test Center for CO 2 Capture - ITC) at the University of Regina are gratefully acknowledged for providing research facilities throughout this work. In addition, our team would also like to acknowledge the financial support in parts of this work provided by an NPRP Grant # 7-1154-2-433 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). Scopus

This paper focused on the effect of different fabric layer numbers on colour strength (K/S), colour difference (Delta E-ab*) and colour matching properties of polyester fabrics woven with different constructional parameters. Colour strength and colour difference measurements were conducted on the dyed fabric samples at six (1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 16) different fabric layers. Polyester fabrics having different constructional parameters were used and the fabrics differed from each other by their weft yarn filament fineness (fibre count), weft yarn densities and weave patterns in the experimental subgroups. Warp yarn type and count, warp density and warp yarn twist were the same in the subgroups. Colour strength, colour difference and colour matching properties were discussed depending on constructional parameters and fabric layer numbers. Colour difference values of the fabrics decreased as layer numbers increased. However, they increased as fibres in fabric structure became finer, as weft densities decreased and as weave patterns differed from plain to sateen. Colour matching between different constructed polyester fabrics became easier when plain patterns and high weft densities were used, i.e. when compactness increased. Usage of finer filament yarns caused fabric compactness to increase but colour matching became more difficult under certain circumstances. Colour matching became easier with increasing compactness but usage of different filament fineness affected the ease of matching depending on fabric constructional properties.

A novel and compact feature discriminating structuredness of observed motions.A feature embedded in a weakly supervised learning framework.An efficient method for real-time violence detection in on-board video-surveillance.Ability of the learned model to generalize training data for varied contexts.A new dataset representative of the targeted application for extensive evaluation. In video-surveillance, violent event detection is of utmost interest. Although action recognition has been well studied in computer vision, literature for violence detection in video is far sparser, and even more for surveillance applications. As aggressive events are difficult to define due to their variability and often need high-level interpretation, we decided to first try to characterize what is frequently present in video with violent human behaviors, at a low level: jerky and unstructured motion. Thus, a novel problem-specific Rotation-Invariant feature modeling MOtion Coherence (RIMOC) was proposed, in order to capture its structure and discriminate the unstructured motions. It is based on the eigenvalues obtained from the second-order statistics of the Histograms of Optical Flow vectors from consecutive temporal instants, locally and densely computed, and further embedded into a spheric Riemannian manifold.The proposed RIMOC feature is used to learn statistical models of normal coherent motions in a weakly supervised manner. A multi-scale scheme applied on an inference-based method allows the events with erratic motion to be detected in space and time, as good candidates of aggressive events.We experimentally show that the proposed method produces results comparable to a state-of-the-art supervised approach, with added simplicity in training and computation. Thanks to the compactness of the feature, real-time computation is achieved in learning as well as in detection phase. Extensive experimental tests on more than 18?h of video are provided in different in-lab and real contexts, such as railway cars equipped with on-board cameras.

The influence of crystalline microstructure and molecular topology on the strain-induced fibrillar transformation of semi-crystalline polyethylenes having various chemical structures including co-unit content and molecular weight and crystallized under various thermal treatments was studied by in situ SAXS at different draw temperatures. The long period of the nascent microfibrils, Lpf, proved to be strongly dependent on the draw temperature but non-sensitive to the initial crystallization conditions. Lpf was smaller than the initial long period. Both findings have been ascribed to the strain-induced melting-recrystallization process as generally claimed in the literature. The microfibrils diameter, Df, was shown to depend on the draw temperature and initial microstructure in a different way as Lpf. The evolution of Df was shown to correlate with the interfacial layer thickness that mainly depends on the chemical structure of the chains. It was concluded that, in contrast to Lpf, the microfibril diameter should not be directly sensitive to the strain-induced melting-recrystallization. The proposed scenario is that after the generation of the protofibrils by fragmentation of the crystalline lamellae at yielding, the diameter of the microfibril during the course of their stabilization should be governed by the chain-unfolding and subsequent aggregation of the unfolded chains onto the lateral surface of the microfibrils. The morphogenesis of the microfibrils should therefore essentially depend on the chemical structure of the polymer that governs its crystallization ability, its chain topology and subsequently its fragmentation process at yielding. This scenario is summed up in a sketch.

2-s2.0-85056692188, In the present study the effect of TiO2-SiO2-GLYMO nanocomposite on surface properties of leather was investigated. The TiO2-SiO2-GLYMO composite was prepared through the sol-gel route from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium n-butoxide (TBO). 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) was added as coupling agent to provide a stable bond between metal oxides and leather substrate. The prepared composite was applied by spraying on the top coat of leathers in finishing. The surface properties observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an even and homogenous coating obtained on leather by application of the composite in the presence of lacquer. The chemical structure of composite films was examined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Si-O-Ti bond and opening of epoxy rings of GLYMO were revealed. The presence of Ti and Si in the composite treated leather samples was ascertained by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results of the physical and fastness tests indicated that the use of TiO2-SiO2-GLYMO nanocomposite improves some performance characteristics of leather such as finish adhesion, dry and wet rubbing fastness, colour fastness to light and UV light. The results are promising for the refinement of leather surface with the application of the nanocomposite in the finishing process. © 2018 Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists. All rights reserved., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 213M458, Authors would like to thank TÜBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for their financial support (Project No. 213M458).

cited By 0; International audience; Polycrystalline samples of Ba1−xCaxTi0.975(Nb0.5Yb0.5)0.025O3 (where x = 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3, abbreviated as BCTYN) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The effect of calcium (Ca) substitution in BaTi0.975(Nb0.5Yb0.5)0.025O3 (abbreviated as BTYN25) on the structural, dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties and electro-caloric effects (ECE) was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results at room temperature showed that the BCTYN samples in the composition x < 0.3 exhibited a pure tetragonal perovskite structure. Dielectric measurements showed a classical ferroelectric behavior for all samples. With the increase of the Ca content, the Curie temperature (TC) was still maintained with a small shift towards low temperature. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of compositions and temperatures. The Raman bands confirmed the structure and the phase transition of the BCTYN ceramics. By adding Ca, the piezoelectric properties and the remanent polarization (Pr) are relatively maintained for the compositions x = 0.15 and x = 0.2. A piezoelectric coefficient of d33 = 130 pC/N and a planar electromechanical coupling factor of kp = 28% were obtained for these compositions. Two different methods were used to calculate the electro-caloric coefficients of the BCTYN ceramics. The incorporation of Ca was found to enhance the electro-caloric strength (ξ = ΔT/ΔE) within a broad temperature range with a best value of ξ = 0.2 Kmm/kV for x = 0.2. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

In the present study the effect of TiO 2 -SiO 2 -GLYMO nanocomposite on surface properties of leather was investigated. The TiO 2 -SiO 2 -GLYMO composite was prepared through the sol-gel route from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium n-butoxide (TBO). 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) was added as coupling agent to provide a stable bond between metal oxides and leather substrate. The prepared composite was applied by spraying on the top coat of leathers in finishing. The surface properties observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an even and homogenous coating obtained on leather by application of the composite in the presence of lacquer. The chemical structure of composite films was examined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Si-O-Ti bond and opening of epoxy rings of GLYMO were revealed. The presence of Ti and Si in the composite treated leather samples was ascertained by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results of the physical and fastness tests indicated that the use of TiO 2 -SiO 2 -GLYMO nanocomposite improves some performance characteristics of leather such as finish adhesion, dry and wet rubbing fastness, colour fastness to light and UV light. The results are promising for the refinement of leather surface with the application of the nanocomposite in the finishing process. © 2018 Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists. All rights reserved.

The microwave spectrum of the molecular complex of acetonitrile (CH3CN) with water (H2O) has been studied with a pulsed-beam Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer (FTMW) from a gas sample of 1% by volume of CH3CN in Ar flowed over a water sample. The frequency coverage was about 9-22 GHz for various isotopomers. The CH3CN-H2O complex exhibited a symmetric top spectrum for two tunneling components, whereby the water subunit tunnels between two equivalent forms. The molecular structure was determined with the aid of spectral studies of isotopically substituted monomers containing 13C, 15N and 18O and mono- and di-deuterated water. In the process of measuring the 13CH3CN-H2O species, we observed some nearby transitions for the Ar-13CH3CN complex. Since the molecular structure of the Ar complex in the literature was not completely determined, we also measured several isotopomers of it to improve the molecular structure. The rotational analyses provide the rotational, centrifugal distortion and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for all of the isotopomers analyzed. � 2015, Academic Press Inc. All rights reserved.

Conference of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture, ICSA 2017 ; Conference Date: 3 April 2017 Through 7 April 2017; Conference Code:127837; International audience; UML state machines and composite structure models are efficient to design the behavior and structure of architectures. In Model Driven Engineering (MDE), code can be automatically generated from the models. Nevertheless, current UML tools only produce skeleton code which is then fine-tuned by programmers. The modifications in code, which may violate the architecture correctness, must be synchronized with the model to make architecture and code consistent. However, current approaches cannot handle the synchronization when there is a significant abstraction gap between architecture and code. This paper proposes to ease synchronization between model and code, through a bidirectional mapping between code and architecture specified by UML composite structure and state machine. The proposed mapping is a means for a synchronization mechanism proposed in our previous work, which allows concurrent modifications made in model and code, and keeps them synchronized. We propose an evaluation plan for the approach and expose preliminary experimental results.

A series of Pt/Ce x Zr 1-x O 2-δ (x = 0.4–0.6) solids were synthesized and evaluated for the SCR of NO under lean burn conditions (2.5 vol% O 2 ) using C 3 H 6 and H 2 as reducing agents. SSITKA-Mass Spectrometry, SSITKA-DRIFTS and other in situ DRIFTS experiments were conducted for the first time to gather fundamental information in explaining the remarkable H 2 /C 3 H 6 synergy effect towards steady-state selective reduction of NO into N 2 at T > 400 °C. In particular, the chemical structure of adsorbed active and inactive (spectator) NO x species formed under C 3 H 6 -SCR, H 2 -SCR and H 2 /C 3 H 6 -SCR of NO and the surface coverage and site formation of active NO x were probed. The Pt/Ce 1-x Zr x O 2-δ catalysts present significant differences in their H 2 -SCR performance (NO conversion and N 2 -selectivity) in the low-temperature range of 120–180 °C but practically the same catalytic behavior at higher temperatures. It was proved that the active NO x of the H 2 -SCR path reside within a reactive zone around each Pt nanoparticle which extends to less than one lattice constant within the support surface. The chemical structure of the active intermediate was proved to be the chelating nitrite , whereas nitrosyl, monodentate and bidentate nitrates were considered as inactive species (spectators). It was illustrated for the first time that the presence of 15 vol% H 2 O in the H 2 -SCR feed stream applied over the 0.1 wt% Pt/Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 catalyst results in a 25% decrease in the concentration of active NO x , thus partly explaining the drop in activity observed when compared to the H 2 -SCR in the absence of H 2 O. A remarkable activity and N 2 -selectivity enhancement was observed at T > 400 °C when both H 2 and C 3 H 6 reducing agents were used compared to H 2 -SCR or C 3 H 6 -SCR alone. This synergy effect was explained to arise mainly because of the increase of θ Η by the presence of –CH x species derived from adsorbed propylene decomposition on Pt, which block sites of oxygen chemisorption, and of the increase of surface oxygen vacant sites that promote the formation of a more active chelating nitrite (NO 2 − ) species compared to the case of H 2 -SCR.

Pilot smeltings of the intermetallic titanium alloy are performed during the work in the vacuum induction smelting installation with a “cold crucible” and the blades of a gas-turbine engine are fabricated by the casting method according to investment models in the centrifugal field. The structure of the initial charge billet for casting the intermetallic titanium alloy is investigated and its chemical composition is analyzed. The process parameters of casting and results of metallographic analysis of fabricated blades are presented. It is established that the cast blade structure has a lamellar structure and consists of phases γ and α2. The results of testing mechanical properties are presented. It is established that ultimate tensile strength σB = 765 MPa, yield point σy = 726.5 MPa, and relative elongation δ = 1.6%. The stress distribution on the blade pen is investigated and its distribution diagrams are constructed. Blade samples are tested for long-term strength (t = 650°C, τ = 500 h), fatigue strength, and impact toughness. © 2017, Allerton Press, Inc.

cited By 0; Conference of SAMPE Seattle 2017 Conference ; Conference Date: 22 May 2017 Through 25 May 2017; Conference Code:128476; International audience; There is a need for cheap, flexible, and highly sensitive strain sensors that can detect micro strains prevalent in structural health monitoring, wearable technology, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). We also need scalable and low-cost methods to sense deformations in wind turbine blades, artillery, composite structures, other large structures. Wearable technology will reshape the way we approach rehabilitation, physical training, and many high-dexterity tasks by harvesting data about body motions. We have developed low-profile and low-cost strain sensors from multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (MWCNT-BP), which is a network of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are mostly known for their unmatched strength and excellent conductivity; however, their ability to provide sensory information is also attractive. The CNT buckypaper sensors in this report are manufactured using simple desktop-inkjet-printing technology. The resultant sensors are 77% more sensitive than similar designs and nearly 700% more sensitive than commercial products. We display the sensors performance by integrating the sensors into a fabric glove for finger motion detection and gluing the sensors onto a carbon fiber composite structure for stress detection. © Copyright 2017. Used by the Society of the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering with permission.

In this study, color and microstructure changes of tomato samples were investigated after microwave (90, 160, 350, and 500W), convective (50 and 75 degrees C), and microwave-convective (90W-50 degrees C, 90W-75 degrees C, 160W-50 degrees C, and 160W-75 degrees C) drying treatments using a laboratory microwave-convective oven. The combined microwave-convective drying decreased the drying time required when compared to drying with either convective or microwave drying alone. The color of the samples dried at 50 degrees C was closest to the fresh samples compared to other drying conditions. All color values of fresh tomato were affected by drying. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that disruption of the tomato samples significantly elevated with increasing drying temperature or microwave power level.

The structure of the surface polysaccharide from a hypervirulent for mice Acinetobacter baumannii strain LAC-4 was studied. The polysaccharide was built of trisaccharide repeating units containing α-l-fucosamine, α-d-glucosamine, and α-8-epi-legionaminic acid. The structure interpretation was based mostly on NMR data. Polysaccharide was obtained using a procedure of LPS O-chain preparation, although whether it is an LPS O-chain or capsular polysaccharide remained unclear. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The microstructure and composition of diffusion layers that arise upon the spread of the liquid aluminum alloys AL5, AL9, AL852, and A7075 over the St3 steel has been investigated using optical and electron microscopy. The thermophysical conditions of the interaction of the melt with the substrate under which at the boundary of the substrate the plastic transition layer of iron-based solid solution improving quality of the coating is formed have been determined. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are isolated with increasing frequency, especially from immunocompromized patients. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) types of CPKP were not determined. Investigation of two CRKP isolates from a 2011 outbreak at the Clinical Center, the National Institutes of Health, identified a new capsular type shared by the two isolates, similar to K. pneumonia K19 and K34 but structurally different than any published K. pneumoniae CPS repeating unit: The LPS of the two isolates was found to have no O-specific polysaccharide and the chemical structure of the core oligosaccharides agreed with the published data. If this structure type will be prevalent among CPKP isolates, our findings could facilitate rapid diagnosis and help to develop new therapeutic solutions to this antibiotic resistant pathogen. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Special features of formation of structure and properties in pseudo-α-titanium alloys are considered as a function of the time of treatment in the β-range. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Impact loads from incoming waves always challenge the strength of structural parts of a ship. Modern high-speed crafts including naval vessels are subjected to impact loads during high speed and sudden manoeuvre. Wave slamming may damage structural parts and cause flooding of compartments due to impact. Hydrodynamic impact load results in structural damage in conventional marine vehicles. Loads during cargo loading, unloading, shipping of green water, impact with icebergs etc. come under low-velocity impact loads. The structural parts of a ship can also be damaged due to the impact of collision with icebergs as in the case of the Titanic accident. Weapon discharge, flight operation, bulk cargo operation and collision with other structures are other examples of impact load acting on marine vehicles. Severe hydrodynamic impact load may cause damage of shell plating, collapse of bow part, damage of hatch covers, collapse of hull girder etc. Such structural parts should possess sufficient impact strength. Composite shells can be used for hull, deck or hatch covers of bulk carriers to reduce the weight of vehicle and to indirectly increase the pay load capacity. In the present work, cost-effective composites are prepared by adding fillers to improve impact strengths and tested to verify the same. The main objective of the study is to develop a cost-effective composite to be used as part of hull, deck and hatch cover of bulk carrier. Feasibility and selection of fillers to improve impact strength are established. Prior to this, different sizes of fillers and the chemical treatment of filler with acid were considered. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) are considered with glass epoxy composite for the above analysis. The additional impact strength due to the application of fillers is determined using Izod impact strength tests. Contact force is considered as a scale parameter for the impact response for composite laminates. Contact force is the force against impact load on composite structures. Contact force and deflection history of composite panels are affected by a number of parameters such as fibres angle, laminate geometry, impactor energy, stiffeners, surface area of impactor and loading eccentricity. Effects of all possible parameters are included and their influence on the response is determined using the well-known package based on finite element method (FEM), ABAQUS. The FEM analysis of Khalili et al. (2011 Compos Struct 93:1363-1375) is used for comparison of results of the present numerical analysis. The study leads to many new insights to designers of cost-effective composite structures. � 2013 Taylor & Francis.

Graphene is a unique material for the implementation of terahertz antennas due to extraordinary properties of the resulting devices, such as tunability and compactness. Existing graphene antennas are based on pure plasmonic structures, which are compact but show moderate to high losses. To achieve higher efficiency with low cost, one can apply the theory behind dielectric resonator antennas widely used in millimeter-wave systems. This paper presents the concept of hybridization of surface plasmon and dielectric wave modes. Radiation efficiency, reconfigurability, and miniaturization of antennas built upon this principle are qualitatively discussed and compared with those of pure plasmonic antennas. To this end, a quantitative study of pure and hybrid plas-monic one-dimensional guided-wave structures is performed. The results show that hybrid structures can be employed to design terahertz antennas with high radiation efficiency and gain, moderate miniaturization, and tunability, while terahertz antennas based on pure plasmonic structures can provide high miniaturization and tunability yet with low radiation efficiency and gain.

We present structural and optical spectroscopy studies of thin films of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) with strong copper deficiency deposited on Mo/Glass substrates and selenised at 450, 500 or 550°C. Solar cells fabricated from these films demonstrated efficiencies up to 7.4% for selenisation at 500°C. Structural analysis based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of SnSe2 in the film selenised at 450°C but not in the films selenised at higher temperatures. A progressive decrease of the Sn and Se content was observed as the selenisation temperature increased. Photoluminescence excitation was used to determine the bandgaps at 4.2 K. Detailed measurements of the temperature and excitation intensity dependencies of the photoluminescence spectra allow the recombination mechanisms of the observed emission bands to be identified as band-to-impurity and band-to-band transitions, and their evolution with selenisation temperature changes to be analysed. The strongest band-to-band transition is recorded in the PL spectra of the film selenised at 500°C and can be observed from 6 K to room temperature. The compositional and structural changes in the films and their influence on the optoelectronic properties of CZTSe and solar cells are discussed. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000387961200005, Science Citation Index Expanded, Extruded aluminum profiles are widely used in building and automation structures due to their durability, lightweight, corrosion resistance, shorter fastening time and reusability. Proper design is crucial in maintaining the lifespan of these structures. It is therefore essential to determine the structural behaviors of the structures such as the natural frequency, mode shape, etc. The finite element analysis is a method which has been commonly used in determining structural behaviors. However, there are also numerous problems in analyzing these kinds of profiles using solid finite elements, such as modeling, meshing, solution time problems, etc. Therefore, beam finite elements have been used in the present study in modeling of the profiles. Furthermore, an equivalent beam element model has been developed for bolt-together connectors of the profiles. Simulation and experimental modal analysis have been conducted on example test systems. It has been demonstrated that this modeling technique is very practical and the results obtained from the method agree well with the experimental results., Turkish Scientific and Research Council [110M131], The authors would like to acknowledge Turkish Scientific and Research Council (Project number: 110M131) for its financial support of this work.

The structure of Ge20SbxSe80-x (x = 5, 15, 20) glasses was investigated by neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and extended X-ray fine structure measurements at the Ge, Sb, and Se K -edges. For each composition, large-scale structural models were obtained by fitting simultaneously the experimental data sets in the framework of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. It was found that the structures of these glasses can be described mostly by the chemically ordered network model. Ge Se and Sb Se bonds are preferred; Se Se bonds in the Se -poor composition (x = 20) and M M (M = Ge, Sb) bonds in strongly Se -rich glass (x = 5) are not needed. The quality of the fits was significantly improved by introducing Ge Ge bonding, in the nearly stoichiometric composition (x = 15), showing a violation of chemical ordering. The structure of Ge(20)Sh(x)Se(80), was compared to that of several glasses from the three analogous systems. (Ge-As Se-Ge As-Te, Ge-Sb-Te), and, it was found that chemical short-range order becomes more pronounced upon substituting As with Sb and Se with Te. Ge As Se glasses behave as random covalent networks over a very broad composition range. Chemical short-range order and disorder coexist in both Te-rich and Te-poor Ge As Te glasses, whereas amorphous Ge14Sb29Te57 and Ge22Sb22Te56 are governed by strict chemical preferences.

Background: Wholegrain foods are known to be health-beneficial but their sensory characteristics may be a limiting factor for consumption. The scientific literature of factors influencing sensory quality of wholegrain foods is rather scarce. Scope and approach: Many cereals like rye, oats, barley and sorghum are actually used mainly as wholegrain, whereas for wheat the situation is the opposite. This review deals with factors that differentiate the sensory properties of wholegrain and bran-rich foods from those of refined cereal foods. Key findings and conclusions: Wholegrain and bran contain flavour-active compounds, flavour precursors and resistant cell wall structures causing changes in flavour and texture during processing. In wholegrain foods, different chemical constituents contribute to bitterness. Increased knowledge on flavour formation has led to the possibility to not only measure but actually also design the flavour. Structure and texture are also important determinants underlying eating quality and stability of cereal foods. Hitherto established means of modulating sensory quality and thus improving acceptability of wholegrain foods are presented. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Large scale, planar optronic systems allowing spatially distributed functionalities can be well used in diverse sensor networks, such as for monitoring the environment by measuring various physical quantities in medicine or aeronautics. In these systems, mechanically flexible and optically transparent polymeric foils, e.g. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are employed as carrier materials. A benefit of using these materials is their low cost. The optical interconnections from light sources to light transmission structures in planar optronic systems occupy a pivotal position for the sensing functions. As light sources, we employ the optoelectronic components, such as edgeemitting laser diodes, in form of bare chips, since their extremely small structures facilitate a high integration compactness and ensure sufficient system flexibility. Flexographically printed polymer optical waveguides are deployed as light guiding structures for short-distance communication in planar optronic systems. Printing processes are utilized for this generation of waveguides to achieve a cost-efficient large scale and high-throughput production. In order to attain a high-functional optronic system for sensing applications, one of the most essential prerequisites is the high coupling efficiency between the light sources and the waveguides. Therefore, in this work, we focus on the multimode polymer waveguide with a parabolic cross-section and investigate its optical coupling with the bare laser diode. We establish the geometrical model of the alignment based on the previous works on the optodic bonding of bare laser diodes and the fabrication process of polymer waveguides with consideration of various parameters, such as the beam profile of the laser diode, the employed polymer properties of the waveguides as well as the carrier substrates etc. Accordingly, the optical coupling of the bare laser diodes and the polymer waveguides was simulated. Additionally, we demonstrate optical links by adopting the aforementioned processes used for defining the simulation. We verify the feasibility of the developed processes for planar optronic systems by using an active alignment and conduct discussions for further improvements of optical alignment. © 2016 SPIE. DFG/CRC/TR 123

Background: Wholegrain foods are known to be health-beneficial but their sensory characteristics may be a limiting factor for consumption. The scientific literature of factors influencing sensory quality of wholegrain foods is rather scarce. Scope and approach: Many cereals like rye, oats, barley and sorghum are actually used mainly as wholegrain, whereas for wheat the situation is the opposite. This review deals with factors that differentiate the sensory properties of wholegrain and bran-rich foods from those of refined cereal foods. Key findings and conclusions: Wholegrain and bran contain flavour-active compounds, flavour precursors and resistant cell wall structures causing changes in flavour and texture during processing. In wholegrain foods, different chemical constituents contribute to bitterness. Increased knowledge on flavour formation has led to the possibility to not only measure but actually also design the flavour. Structure and texture are also important determinants underlying eating quality and stability of cereal foods. Hitherto established means of modulating sensory quality and thus improving acceptability of wholegrain foods are presented. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

This paper presents a review on the key research areas in the design and analysis of ships and floating structures. The major areas of computer application are identified in several stages of ship/floating structure design and analysis with the principal emphasis on the methodologies, the modeling, and the integration of the design and analysis process. The discussion addresses some of the key challenges in computer applications for ship and floating structure design and analysis, and reports on the emerging trends in the research, design and industrial application. � 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.