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Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution This study sought to explore latent categories of electronic health (e‐health) literacy among stroke patients and analyse its influencing factors.A cross‐sectional, descriptive exploratory design with the STROBE reporting checklist was applied.Between July and October 2020, 558 stroke participants from three tertiary care hospitals in Henan Province, China, were recruited using a convenience sampling method. A general information questionnaire and the Electronic Health Literacy Scale were used to collect their socio‐demographic information and e‐health literacy. Latent profile analysis was used to analyse latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse factors influencing latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients.Three latent categories of e‐health literacy existed, including the low e‐health literacy group, the low application‐high decision‐making group and the high literacy‐low decision‐making group. Multiple logistic regression showed that education level, presence of comorbidities, willingness to interact with people with mental illness, health information sources, frequency of Internet access, frequency of health information inquiry and willingness to receive remote care were predictors of the participants' latent categories of e‐health literacy.Three latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients exist, and each latent category's characteristics should be considered while developing health education programmes. It is imperative that healthcare providers understand the requirement of creating tailored and efficient health education programmes for various categories of stroke patients to enhance their e‐health literacy.It is imperative to improve Chinese stroke patients' overall e‐health literacy. We categorized stroke patients' e‐health literacy using advanced LPA. These findings hold implications for healthcare approaches, contributing to the enhancement of stroke patients' e‐health literacy, enabling them to apply the acquired e‐health information to manage and solve their own health issues.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The incidence of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) in the Rehabilitation Stage is high, which can bring serious physical and psychological disorders to patients. However, there is still a lack of targeted tools for screening PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a measurement instrument to screen for PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 780 hospitalized stroke patients who were within the rehabilitation stage from May to August 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the newly developed Symptom Measurement of Post-Stroke Depression in the Rehabilitation Stage (SMPSD-RS). The reliability and validity of the SMPSD-RS were also verified using several statistical methods. Results EFA extracted a 24-item, five-factor (cognition, sleep, behavior, emotion, and obsession) model that can clinically explain the symptoms of PSD during the rehabilitation stage. A first-order CFA confirmed the EFA model with good model fit indices, and the second-order CFA further confirmed the five-factor structure model and showed acceptable model fit indices. Acceptable reliability and validity were also achieved by the corresponding indicators. Conclusion The SMPSD-RS was proven to have a stable factor structure and was confirmed to be reliable and valid for assessing PSD symptoms in stroke patients during the rehabilitation stage.

Background: The incidence of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) in the Rehabilitation Stage is high, which can bring serious physical and psychological disorders to patients. However, there is still a lack of targeted tools for screening PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a measurement instrument to screen for PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 780 hospitalized stroke patients who were within the rehabilitation stage from May to August 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the newly developed Symptom Measurement of Post-Stroke Depression in the Rehabilitation Stage (SMPSD-RS). The reliability and validity of the SMPSD-RS were also verified using several statistical methods. Results: EFA extracted a 24-item, five-factor (cognition, sleep, behavior, emotion, and obsession) model that can clinically explain the symptoms of PSD during the rehabilitation stage. A first-order CFA confirmed the EFA model with good model fit indices, and the second-order CFA further confirmed the five-factor structure model and showed acceptable model fit indices. Acceptable reliability and validity were also achieved by the corresponding indicators. Conclusion: The SMPSD-RS was proven to have a stable factor structure and was confirmed to be reliable and valid for assessing PSD symptoms in stroke patients during the rehabilitation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this clinical report is to present a technique for transformation of an existing removable partial denture (RPD) into a transitional complete denture (CD) for an impaired stroke patient. Case Presentation: A 67‐year‐old male who underwent an ischemic stroke 12 months ago presented in the Postgraduate Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, requiring treatment of his remaining teeth and repair of his existing RPD which lacked retention and stability. The treatment plan included placement of amalgam plugs on the remaining teeth which were decoronated due to poor prognosis and modification of the existing RPD to a transitional CD. The procedure included one alginate impression and chairside alteration of the prosthesis with simple means. The new prosthesis managed to improve patient's masticatory ability and reduce the risk for aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion: In the present case report a technique for modifying an existing RPD into a transitional CD for an impaired, stroke patient is described. Reduced treatment time, costs and patient's inconvenience while embracing the benefits provided by the utilization of an existing prosthesis regarding adaptation of the neuromuscular system are among the advantages of the described technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The left atrial septal pouch (LASP) occurs due to incomplete fusion of septa primum and secundum at the inter-atrial septum, creating an open flap that may serve as a thromboembolic source. Prior studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of LASP in cryptogenic strokes. The aim of the current study was to validate the above findings in a separate, larger group of stroke and non-stroke patients. We examined transesophageal echocardiograms (TEEs) performed between July 2011 and December 2018. LASP prevalence was determined in TEEs referred for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack ("stroke") and compared with LASP prevalence in patients undergoing TEEs for other reasons ("non-stroke"). Stroke subtyping was performed using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. There were 306 TEEs from 144 non-stroke and 162 stroke patients. Mean age and sex distribution were 56 ± 1 (mean ± SE) and 65% male in the non-stroke group and 58 ± 1 and 54% male in the stroke group. The overall prevalence of LASP was 31%. The prevalence of LASP was 28% (41/144) in non-stroke patients, 25% (24/95) in non-cryptogenic stroke patients, and 43% (29/67) in cryptogenic stroke patients. LASP prevalence was significantly higher in the cryptogenic subgroup compared with the non-cryptogenic subgroup (p = 0.02). These findings demonstrate a significant association of LASP with risk of cryptogenic stroke, suggesting that LASP may serve as a thromboembolic nidus. Additional studies are needed to determine the generalizability of these findings, and their therapeutic implications, supporting LASP as a stroke risk factor.

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a stroke clinic in stroke prevention and progression of cerebral microbleeds (CMB). We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients who visited a stroke clinic between January 2011 and March 2017. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI studies were obtained at baseline and follow-up visits to identify new infarctions and CMB progression. Patients with CMB who also underwent brain computed tomography (CT) imaging were identified and their cerebral arterial calcification was quantified to evaluate the relationship between the extent of intracranial calcification and CMB burden. A total of 64 stroke patients (mean age 73.1 ± 11.0, 47% males) had CMB on baseline and follow-up MRI studies. During a mean follow-up period of 22.6 months, four strokes occurred (4/64, 6%; 3 ischemic, 1 hemorrhagic), producing mild neurological deficit. Progression of CMB was observed in 54% of patients with two MRIs and was significantly associated with length of follow-up. Subjects with intracranial calcification score > 300 cm3 had higher CMB count than those with scores

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a stroke clinic in stroke prevention and progression of cerebral microbleeds (CMB). We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients who visited a stroke clinic between January 2011 and March 2017. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI studies were obtained at baseline and follow-up visits to identify new infarctions and CMB progression. Patients with CMB who also underwent brain computed tomography (CT) imaging were identified and their cerebral arterial calcification was quantified to evaluate the relationship between the extent of intracranial calcification and CMB burden. A total of 64 stroke patients (mean age 73.1 ± 11.0, 47% males) had CMB on baseline and follow-up MRI studies. During a mean follow-up period of 22.6 months, four strokes occurred (4/64, 6%; 3 ischemic, 1 hemorrhagic), producing mild neurological deficit. Progression of CMB was observed in 54% of patients with two MRIs and was significantly associated with length of follow-up. Subjects with intracranial calcification score > 300 cm3 had higher CMB count than those with scores

Background: The incidence of stroke is still high and contributes to high mortality and disability rates. Stroke attacks cause malfunctions such as paralysis and difficulty communicating so that patients will experience anxiety, fear, sadness and even despair in the face of the disease they are suffering from. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing Islamic spiritual guidance on the anxiety level of CVA (Cerebro Vascular Accident) patients. Methods: This research was conducted in the Inpatient Room at RSU Muhammadiyah Bandung Tulungagung using a quasi experimental design with a one group pre post test design approach, 122 respondents were taken using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is the provision of Islamic spiritual guidance and the dependent variable is the level of anxiety using a questionnaire and Wilcoxon test analysis. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis value negative ranks N: 91, Mean: 49.23, Sum of ranks: 4480.00, so it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the value of the anxiety level before to after Islamic spiritual guidance. Based on statistical tests obtained p value: 0.001

A “Stroke” is a neurological disease due to poor blood flowing to the brain, resulting in body cell death. It is ranked second as the most common cause of death globally. The “World Health Organization” estimates that about 15 million people suffer a stroke annually. Most stroke survivors have gait disorders, and most patients cannot walk without assistance. Physiotherapy is crucial for stroke patients to recover and maintain their mobility, functionality, and well-being. In the last 20 years, the replacement of physiotherapists with wearable robotics has become essential due to the developing technology, the need for economic growth, and the challenging health circumstances around the world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic recently. Lower Limb Exoskeleton (LLE) represents the solution for stroke patients under such circumstances, though its performance is a critical challenge paid attention to in the industry. This challenge has motivated the researchers to investigate the application of gait rehabilitation. This review presents and discusses the developments in the control system of LLE over the last decade. It also explores the limitations, new directions, and recommendations in LLE development according to the literature.

Introduction: Stroke is the main cause of death around the word. Stroke survivor experience long-term medical consequences and disabilities. Stroke rehabilitation program has been shown to be effective in terms of enhancing patient's quality of life as well as to be improving patient to be independent for activity of daily living. Nurses have an important role in rehabilitation of patient with post stroke. Nurses need to be knowledgeable, aware and qualified in order to provide high-quality care to achieve best patient's outcomes. Hence, providing an educational program regarding post-stroke rehabilitation can increases nurses' knowledge which in turns improve patient's outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of post stroke rehabilitation program on nurses' knowledge. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design has been adopted with non-probability (purposive sample) of 46 nurses who provide care for stroke patients at Middle Euphrates Center for neurosciences. The researchers assess nurses' knowledge before educational program and after implementing it by using the same structured questionnaire. Results: The results of the study revealed that the level of nurses' knowledge at pre-test period were moderately adequate at mean scores (x=63.5 and SD= 27.5), while at posttest (x= 87.5, SD=16.5) Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study the level of nurses' knowledge for caring of post-stroke patients have significantly improved statistically after implementing the educational program as compared with pretest period. The improvement in nurses' knowledge may reveal the effectiveness of post stroke rehabilitation program on the level of nurses' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to clarify the lower limb joint motor coordination of para-athletes during running motion from frequency characteristics and to propose this as a method for evaluating their performance. The subject used was a 43-year-old male para-athlete who had suffered a left cerebral infarction. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured during 1 min of running at a speed of 8 km/h on a treadmill. Nine inter- and intra-limb joint angle pairs were analyzed by coherence and phase analyses. The main characteristic of the stroke patient was that there were joint pairs with absent or increased coherence peaks in the high-frequency band above 4 Hz that were not found in healthy subjects. Interestingly, these features were also observed on the non-paralyzed side. Furthermore, a phase analysis showed different phase differences between the joint motions of the stroke patient and healthy subjects in some joint pairs. Thus, we concluded there was a widespread functional impairment of joint motion in the stroke patient that has not been revealed by conventional methods. The coherence analysis of joint motion may be useful for identifying joint motion problems in para-athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The left atrial septal pouch (LASP) occurs due to incomplete fusion of septa primum and secundum at the inter-atrial septum, creating an open flap that may serve as a thromboembolic source. Prior studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of LASP in cryptogenic strokes. The aim of the current study was to validate the above findings in a separate, larger group of stroke and non-stroke patients. We examined transesophageal echocardiograms (TEEs) performed between July 2011 and December 2018. LASP prevalence was determined in TEEs referred for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack ("stroke") and compared with LASP prevalence in patients undergoing TEEs for other reasons ("non-stroke"). Stroke subtyping was performed using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. There were 306 TEEs from 144 non-stroke and 162 stroke patients. Mean age and sex distribution were 56 ± 1 (mean ± SE) and 65% male in the non-stroke group and 58 ± 1 and 54% male in the stroke group. The overall prevalence of LASP was 31%. The prevalence of LASP was 28% (41/144) in non-stroke patients, 25% (24/95) in non-cryptogenic stroke patients, and 43% (29/67) in cryptogenic stroke patients. LASP prevalence was significantly higher in the cryptogenic subgroup compared with the non-cryptogenic subgroup (p = 0.02). These findings demonstrate a significant association of LASP with risk of cryptogenic stroke, suggesting that LASP may serve as a thromboembolic nidus. Additional studies are needed to determine the generalizability of these findings, and their therapeutic implications, supporting LASP as a stroke risk factor.

• Thirteen articles involving 326 patients were included. • Cognitive motor dual task training is a better effect for stroke patients. • Cognitive motor dual task training improves walking balance for stroke patients. Based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT), this meta -analysis aimed to comprehensively analyze the effects of cognitive motor dual-task training (CMDT) on stroke patients. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for papers on the influence of CMDT on stroke patients. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used as effect sizes. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were performed for heterogeneity. Thirteen articles involving 326 patients were included in the study. The meta -analysis showed that CMDT significantly improved the walking balance of patients with stroke (P = 0.01). In addition, CMDT significantly improved the gait ability of patients with stroke (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, CMDT had a significant effect on the improvement of upper limb ability in patients with stroke (P < 0.00001). CMDT could significantly improve balance ability, gait, and upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke, which is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with stroke need professional care and identifying the palliative needs of these people is the basis for care planning by health managers. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the palliative care needs of stroke patients and the factors that affect these needs. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional descriptive study was the patients referred to physiotherapy centers in Mako city in 1398. A total of 160 patients were selected based on convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire. In the first part, demographic characteristics and in the second part, the questionnaire of palliative care needs in specific patients was completed. Descriptive tests, mean comparison, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 16. Results: The need for palliative care can vary in different fields. For example, having problems in daily life in the field of daily life activities (2.03-0.24), pain in the field of physical symptoms (2.36.07.07), dependence on others for care in the field of control over living affairs (1.72 1 0.82), tendency to talk about illness in the field of social problems, (2/71/71/71), fear of metastasis in the field of mental problems, (2.97 2 0.22), understanding the meaning of death in the field of spiritual problems (2.87 ± 0.48), and loss of income due to diseases in the field of financial problems (2.63 89 0.89). Independent group t-test showed that the mean scores of palliative care needs of patients referred to physiotherapy centers in the two groups of men and women were not significantly different (t=92.1, p=0.057). However, One-way analysis of variance showed that the average palliative care needs of patients referred to physiotherapy centers based on their level of education had a significant difference (f=486.4, p=0.014). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that nurses and health system managers with knowledge of the needs of palliative care for patients with stroke can put training programs on discharge and disease management at home on their agenda

Background: Stroke patient has a risk of experiencing pressure injury, which could affect patient’s life and quality of life; therefore, optimum pressure ulcer prevention should be done. Patients experiencing pressure ulcer should be given appropriate care, to prevent infection and worse conditions. Objective: To identify the prevalence, prevention and treatment of pressure injury of stroke patients in the neurological ward. Methods: This research was a quantitative descriptive research using Landelijke Prevalentiemeting Zorgroblemen instrument. The samples were collected using consecutive sampling method with inclusion criteria of stroke patients experiencing paraplegia, which obtained 30 respondents. Data were presented in frequency distribution format. Results: The result showed that the prevalence of pressure injury was 3.3% of degree III and brought from home. Based on risk assessment, 43.3% of patients had a very high risk of getting pressure injury, and 56.7% had changed position, 100% had received nutritional support but 80% of patients had not received health education and 83.3% did not get a pillow on their heels, and 100% did not get pressure injury mattress, massage, moisturizing cream and oil. Treatment of pressure injury was using 0.9% NaCl liquid with hydrocolloid dressing. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are still some patients experiencing pressure injury and in terms of items of pressure injury prevention, which often done is malnutrition prevention, the least are the changes of position in using pillows, and in health education. The one that have never been done are the use of oil, moisturizing cream, massage and pressure air mattress. The injury treatment provided to the patient has been adequate. The suggestion that can be given is the preparation of standard operating procedure, leaflets and the provision of pressure air mattress.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the lower limb joint motor coordination of para-athletes during running motion from frequency characteristics and to propose this as a method for evaluating their performance. The subject used was a 43-year-old male para-athlete who had suffered a left cerebral infarction. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured during 1 min of running at a speed of 8 km/h on a treadmill. Nine inter- and intra-limb joint angle pairs were analyzed by coherence and phase analyses. The main characteristic of the stroke patient was that there were joint pairs with absent or increased coherence peaks in the high-frequency band above 4 Hz that were not found in healthy subjects. Interestingly, these features were also observed on the non-paralyzed side. Furthermore, a phase analysis showed different phase differences between the joint motions of the stroke patient and healthy subjects in some joint pairs. Thus, we concluded there was a widespread functional impairment of joint motion in the stroke patient that has not been revealed by conventional methods. The coherence analysis of joint motion may be useful for identifying joint motion problems in para-athletes.

In robotic rehabilitation, the classification of motion intents and detection of fatigue from surface electromyography (sEMG) are important to guarantee safety during the rehabilitation process. The time-varying characteristics of sEMG can induce errors in related applications such as force/torque estimation, detection of muscle fatigue, and pattern recognition. We investigated the effects of long-term wrist contractions on the classification accuracy of stroke patients in fatigue. Seven stroke patients participated to repeatedly perform sessions of four isometric wrist movements, namely, flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation in different sessions until exhaustion over 4 days. Each movement was successively performed by 60 s with 30 s of rest. To avoid excessive muscle fatigue, subjects were asked to perform each movement at 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction. We classified the four types of wrist movements using an artificial neural network and investigated variations of sEMG features in fatigue. The results showed that not only the classification accuracy but also the manifestation of muscle fatigue from sEMG remained consistent during long-term contractions in fatigue. The average classification accuracy for all patients was 0.91 ± 0.07 without significant difference between sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effects of cognitive training on the recovery of limb function and daily independent function in stroke patients. Methods: Forty-six stroke patients were randomly divided into the cognitive training group (n =23) and the routine group (n =23). The routine group received conventional neurological treat¬ment and rehabilitation, while the cognitive training group received cognitive training for 6 weeks in addition to con¬ventional neurological treatment and rehabilitation. The Fugl-TMeyer Assessment (FMA), Function Independent Measure (FDM), Cognitive Function score-Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) were applied to evaluate the effect of the two groups of patients 6 weeks after treatment. Results: There were signifi¬cant time x group interaction in FMA, FITM and LOTCA scores (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in cognitive training group than in the routine group (P >0. 05). Conclusion: It suggests that cognitive training could improve limb function and independence of daily life in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The involvement of specific muscles and nerves in Traditional Malay Massage (TMM) techniques has shown to have a causal effect on body function, especially for stroke patients. Anatomical knowledge supporting the understanding and communication of TMM techniques should be explored and learnt. The study aimed to validate the anatomical terminologies involved in TMM technique for stroke condition. Methods: The body parts of stroke patient that are involved in TMM were triangulated through qualitative techniques and validated through a quantitative approach. The data was triangulated from: 1) interview, 2) observation, and 3) document. Two TMM practitioners, one male stroke patient and two male workshop participants were involved during the interviews and observation. For document analysis, two types of documents related to: 1) Malay's anatomical terms in TMM for stroke, and 2) anatomy in medical terminology were selected. These documents were utilised to translate anatomical terms in the Malay language into medical terms. The images from all the documents were compared and reconciled among the researchers. Eight experts conducted content validation on the extracted anatomical terms in Malay that were tabulated side by side with the English terms. Results: The muscle and nerves were identified, translated and categorised based on the six sections during the step-by-step TMM procedure. Fifty-five of body parts were coded as content validation items and they produced an overall high validity index. Conclusion: This study documented the validated anatomical terminologies of TMM for stroke condition that used in our published e-book on stroke management, available at: https://heyzine.com/flip-book/4f42d210ec.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]