Search

To adapt to climate change and water scarcity during dry, hot summers, more sustainable, or even deficit, irrigation is required in the ornamental sector, as it uses large amounts of water to sustain high-value crop production. Biostimulants, especially seaweed extracts, could offer a sustainable solution against drought stress as they are known to increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress. The effect of four seaweed extracts based on Ascophyllum nodosum, Soliera chordalis, Ecklonia maxima, and Saccharina latissima and one microbial biostimulant were tested on container-grown Hydrangea paniculata under drought stress conditions for two years. During the first trial year, in 2019, overall irrigation was reduced by 20%. In 2021, plants were subjected to repeated drying and wetting cycles. In general, less irrigation, and thus a lower substrate moisture content, reduced stomatal conductance, biomass production, and root development, but increased plant compactness. The biostimulants showed minor effects, but these were not observed in both experiments. Treatment with the A. nodosum extract resulted in longer branches and more biomass under deficit irrigation but tended to accelerate flowering when repeated drying and wetting cycles were applied. The E. maxima extract negatively affected the branching of Hydrangea under repeated drying and wetting cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To adapt to climate change and water scarcity during dry, hot summers, more sustainable, or even deficit, irrigation is required in the ornamental sector, as it uses large amounts of water to sustain high-value crop production. Biostimulants, especially seaweed extracts, could offer a sustainable solution against drought stress as they are known to increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress. The effect of four seaweed extracts based on Ascophyllum nodosum, Soliera chordalis, Ecklonia maxima, and Saccharina latissima and one microbial biostimulant were tested on container-grown Hydrangea paniculata under drought stress conditions for two years. During the first trial year, in 2019, overall irrigation was reduced by 20%. In 2021, plants were subjected to repeated drying and wetting cycles. In general, less irrigation, and thus a lower substrate moisture content, reduced stomatal conductance, biomass production, and root development, but increased plant compactness. The biostimulants showed minor effects, but these were not observed in both experiments. Treatment with the A. nodosum extract resulted in longer branches and more biomass under deficit irrigation but tended to accelerate flowering when repeated drying and wetting cycles were applied. The E. maxima extract negatively affected the branching of Hydrangea under repeated drying and wetting cycles.

Studies on pH stress in marine animals typically focus on direct or species-specific aspects. We here test the hypothesis that a drop to pH = 7.6 indirectly affects the intra- and interspecific interactions of benthic invertebrates by means of chemical communication. We recorded fitness-relevant behaviours of small hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator, green shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and harbour ragworms Hediste diversicolor in response to short-term pH drop, and to putative stress metabolites released by conspecifics or gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata during 30 min of acute pH drop. Not only did acute pH drop itself impair time to find a food cue in small hermit crabs and burrowing in harbour ragworms, but similar effects were observed under exposure to pH drop-induced stress metabolites. Stress metabolites from S. aurata, but not its regular control metabolites, also induced avoidance responses in all recipient species. Here, we confirm that a short-term abrupt pH drop, an abiotic stressor, has the capacity to trigger the release of metabolites which induce behavioural responses in conspecific and heterospecific individuals, which can be interpreted as a behavioural cost. Our findings that stress responses can be indirectly propagated through means of chemical communication warrant further research to confirm the effect size of the behavioural impairments caused by stress metabolites and to characterise their chemical nature.

Phytochrome photoreceptors are known to regulate plastic growth responses to vegetation shade. However, recent reports also suggest an important role for phytochromes in carbon resource management, metabolism, and growth. Here, we use 13CO2 labelling patterns in multiallele phy mutants to investigate the role of phytochrome in the control of metabolic fluxes. We also combine quantitative data of 13C incorporation into protein and cell wall polymers, gas exchange measurements, and system modelling to investigate why biomass is decreased in adult multiallele phy mutants. Phytochrome influences the synthesis of stress metabolites such as raffinose and proline, and the accumulation of sugars, possibly through regulating vacuolar sugar transport. Remarkably, despite their modified metabolism and vastly altered architecture, growth rates in adult phy mutants resemble those of wild-type plants. Our results point to delayed seedling growth and smaller cotyledon size as the cause of the adult-stage phy mutant biomass defect. Our data signify a role for phytochrome in metabolic stress physiology and carbon partitioning, and illustrate that phytochrome action at the seedling stage sets the trajectory for adult biomass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glyphosate is a commonly used systemic herbicide in urban landscapes. Incidental spray drift and/or ground water contamination potentially represents an under-estimated problem that can detrimentally impact on the biology of trees. There are few studies that have investigated differences in tolerance of urban trees to glyphosate-induced oxidative stress. Aims of this study were to quantify the influence of a range of pigments carotenoids (lutein:β-carotene: neoxanthin:α-carotene, xanthophyll-cycle pigments (zeaxanthin:antheraxanthin: violaxanthin)), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, calatase) and the stress metabolite proline within leaf tissue of three Acer species ( Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore), A. campestre (Field maple) and A. palmatum ‘Atropurpurea’ (Japanese maple)) widely planted into urban landscapes to identify the role these compounds play in protecting foliar tissue against glyphosate. Tolerance to glyphosate damage based on reductions in leaf chlorophyll content as a measure of leaf necrosis/chlorosis was in the order Acer pseudoplatanus > A. campestre > A. palmatum ‘Atropurpurea’. Quantitative analysis of carotenoid pigments, ROS scavenging enzymes and the stress metabolite proline demonstrated significant differences between the three Acer species. Highest concentrations of these compounds within leaf tissue was in the order Acer pseudoplatanus > A. campestre > A. palmatum ‘Atropurpurea’ which reflected order of tolerance based on leaf chlorophyll content loss. Results of this study indicate Acer species possess a suite of stress protective compounds with leaf tissue that potentially confer differing degrees of glyphosate tolerance. Quantification of the formation, concentration and fate of these enzymes and pigments may prove helpful in selecting trees with in-built capacity to tolerate glyphosate induced oxidative stress and allow professionals to make informed decisions regarding tree selection in urban areas where glyphosate is routinely used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of an aqueous extract from fruitbodies of Tylopilus felleus to tissue cultures of Holarrhena antidysenterica (Apocynaceae) caused the accumulation of an unknown compound in the culture medium. The compound was isolated and identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (1). Moreover, biosynthesis of phenolic compounds was stimulated in response to the stress agents of the fungal preparation. Methyl ferulate (2) was the major phenolic constituent.

A study on the heterocystous, nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena fertilissima was carried out to investigate the effect of an organochlorine insecticide (hexachloro-hexahydro-methano-benzodioxathiepineoxide, called as endosulfan) at different concentrations of 3, 6 and 12 μgml-1 on the photosynthetic pigments-Chl-a, Carotenoids and Phycobiliproteins-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, stress metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, phenols and enzyme activities-nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. The insecticide- Endosulfan showed to be deleteriously affecting the activities in the cyanobacterium. As early as the 4th day, chl-a and carotenoids reduced by 38% and 20% respectively. The phycobiliproteins declined by 60%, 64% and 28% with respect to Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin and Phycoerythrin. Moreover, Endosulfan adversely depleted the cellular activities, leading to a marked decrease in the carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and amino acids and enzymes-nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. Despite of deleterious effects of Endosulfan on the cyanobacterium Anabaena fertilissima, a unique regenerating ability in presence of the insecticide was observed by the end of 12 days in the lower doses of insecticide.

The use of wastewater (WW) provides a reliable source of water and nutrients for crop production. Soil tillage is one of the key soil management practices in agricultural land use. In the present study, we studied the effects of these two agricultural practices on key physiological parameters of olive trees and on olive oil quality. The experiment was carried out on mature olive trees ( Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali ). Two tillage practices treatments (Trees grown in Tilled soil: TTS; and Trees grown in No-tilled soil: TNTS) were combined with two irrigation treatments (Trees irrigated with WW: IT; and Trees grown under rainfed condition: TRC) during two successive years (2013 and 2014). Statistical analyses demonstrated that the factor “soil tillage” was more efficient in improving photosynthetic parameters of olive trees than WW irrigation. The combination of soil tillage with WW irrigation improved significantly leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, stomatal conductance, transpiration and chlorophyll content, which closely associated with an increase of photosynthetic rate, and a decrease of stress metabolites (leaf phenolic compounds and carbohydrates). On the other hand, a decrease of key photosynthetic parameters and an accumulation of stress metabolites in leaves were observed when combining rainfed condition and No-tilled soil. WW irrigation affected negatively the oxidative stability and nutritional value of olive oil, especially by decreasing the contents of antioxidant compounds (total phenols and pigments) and the levels of MUFA, C18:1, C18:3 and elevating SFA and PUFA contents. However, soil tillage combined with TRC improved oil stability to oxidation and its nutritional value by increasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the levels of MUFA and C18:1, as well as C18:1/C18:2 and MUFA/PUFA ratios. The results of this study prove that, under water scarcity conditions, wastewater irrigation in oleiculture should be combined with soil tillage and recommended only in the ‘ Off ’-year to support vegetative growth and improve physiological performance of olive trees. In the ‘ On ’-year, tilling the soil under rainfed conditions proved to be the most favorable cropping strategy for enhancing both physiological performance of olive trees and olive oil quality. These findings must be taken into consideration when developing strategies for oil quality enhancement, mainly in an exporting country like Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Despite concerns about the impact of rising sea levels and storm surge events on coastal ecosystems, there is remarkably little information on the response of terrestrial coastal plant species to seawater inundation. The aim of this study was to elucidate responses of a glycophyte (white clover, Trifolium repens) to short-duration soil flooding by seawater and recovery following leaching of salts. Methods Using plants cultivated from parent ecotypes collected from a natural soil salinity gradient, the impact of short-duration seawater soil flooding (8 or 24 h) on short-term changes in leaf salt ion and organic solute concentrations was examined, together with longer term impacts on plant growth (stolon elongation) and flowering. Key Results There was substantial Cl– and Na+ accumulation in leaves, especially for plants subjected to 24 h soil flooding with seawater, but no consistent variation linked to parent plant provenance. Proline and sucrose concentrations also increased in plants following seawater flooding of the soil. Plant growth and flowering were reduced by longer soil immersion times (seawater flooding followed by drainage and freshwater inputs), but plants originating from more saline soil responded less negatively than those from lower salinity soil. Conclusions The accumulation of proline and sucrose indicates a potential for solute accumulation as a response to the osmotic imbalance caused by salt ions, while variation in growth and flowering responses between ecotypes points to a natural adaptive capacity for tolerance of short-duration seawater soil flooding in T. repens. Consequently, it is suggested that selection for tolerant ecotypes is possible should the predicted increase in frequency of storm surge flooding events occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the heterocystous, nitrogen fixing Water fern, Azolla microphylla was carried out to investigate the effect of an organochlorine insecticide (hexachlorohexahydro- methano benzodioxathiepine-oxide, called as endosulfan) at different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm on fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, stress metabolites such as ascorbic acid, proteins, and nitrogen metabolism activity like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake. The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The insecticide endosulfan showed to be deleteriously affecting the activities in the Azolla microphylla. Endosulfan adversely depleted the cellular activities, leading to a marked increase in the Vitamin-C at lower concentration and gradually decreases at higher concentrations. Decrease in protein was clear and activities like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake also increases up to certain concentration and at higher concentration slightly decreases. Despite of deleterious effects of endosulfan on the Azolla microphylla, a unique regenerating ability in presence of the insecticide was observed by the end of five days in the lower doses of insecticide. Azolla seems to help sustain the soil nitrogen supply by returning nitrogen to quantities roughly equal to those extracted from the soil by the rice plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three strains of filamentous-heterocystous cyanobacteria such as Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima and Westiellopsis prolifica were screened for their photosynthetic pigments, stress metabolites and enzymatic activities in response to 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid ethyl ester and 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea (Pencycuron). Amongst them, Westiellopsis prolifica grew maximally in BG11 medium amended with both the pesticides concentrations. In 2,4-D ethyl ester treated cultures the phycobilin pigments showed superior plummet as compared to chlorophyll-a and carotenoids in all three cyanobacterial species. Phycoerythrin showed highest reduction by 86% at 60 ppm in Anabaena fertilissima cells grown in medium amended with Pencycuron. After 4 days of inoculation slight raise in protein content at lower concentrations of 2,4-D was recorded in three species, whereas in Pencycuron treated cultures Anabaena fertilissima (10% at 60 ppm) and Aulosira fertilissima (7% at 60ppm) showed minor lapse, and W. prolifica was unaffected in all treated concentrations. However, carbohydrates and amino acids have shown inhibitor effect on the three species of cyanobacteria in response of the increasing concentration of both the pesticides, on the other hand, phenols exhibited the increasing trend. Activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and succinate dehydrogenase were adversely affected in all three species when treated with the increasing concentrations of both the pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usefulness of any mutagen in plant breeding depends not only on its effectivness but also upon its efficiency. Mutagenic effectiveness is a measure of the frequency of mutations induced by unit mutagen dose, whereas mutagenic efficiency is measure of proportion of mutations in relation to undesirable changes like lethality, sterility and meiotic aberrations etc. Synergetic as well as antagonistic effects may occur when various physical and chemical mutagens are used in combinations. The frequency of mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness was found to be highest at lower doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detached tobacco leaves were infiltrated with an AT toxin preparation from the foliar pathogen Alternaria alternata tobacco pathotype. The AT toxin preparation caused formation of necrotic lesions within 5 days post-infiltration in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell death was accompanied by increased levels of the stress metabolites hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, free proline and by enhanced total protease activity. Lesion development and the production of stress metabolites were suppressed if the infiltration site was pre-infiltrated with caspase-specific peptide inhibitors (irreversible caspase-1 inhibitor acyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-CMK) and the broad range caspase inhibitor benzyoxycarbonyl-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone (Z-Asp-CH2-DCB)), the serine protease inhibitor Nα-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethylketone and the polyamine spermine. Extensive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as determined by staining with 3-3′-diaminobenzidine and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, was found in the AT toxin-challenged lesions. The data show that AT toxin-induced cell death in tobacco is a type of programmed cell death in which caspase-like proteases and ROS signalling play a prominent role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present study analyses the network that regulates and guards against oxidative imbalances in common dentex, poorly adapted to culture conditions, in comparison to the successfully cultured and closely related gilthead sea bream. Both sparid fish were grown from fingerlings to market size, and several molecular and metabolic biomarkers were analysed in fish sampled at the end of the trial. For such purpose, partial cDNA sequences coding for tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), growth hormone receptors (GHR-I and II), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), glucose regulated protein-75 (GRP75), metallothionein (MT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX-1) were first PCR amplified and sequenced in common dentex. The hepatic gene expression profile was then analysed by real-time PCR assays, using β-actin as housekeeping gene. Metabolic biomarkers included total plasma antioxidant capacity, ROS production, and circulating levels of GH, IGF-I, cortisol, glucose and blood lactate. Overall growth rates to attain market size were similar in both species. However, common dentex exhibited accelerated growth over the course of larval and initial juvenile stages that was not retained thereafter. They also exhibited higher levels of plasma peroxidases and secondary stress metabolites (glucose, lactate) in combination with an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β), which is in accordance with an inflammatory over activity in chronically stressed fish. The activity of oxidative CYP1A1 and GH/IGF pathways was down-regulated in common dentex, possibly to equilibrate this oxidative pressure. In the same way, hepatic transcripts of enzymatic (GPX-1) and non-enzymatic (GRP75, MT) antioxidant genes were up-regulated, remaining the total plasma antioxidant capacity within the reference values of gilthead sea bream. Thus, common dentex seems to orchestrate in the last juvenile stages several biological strategies, which may serve to preserve redox homeostasis at the expense of reduced growth and low detoxifying capacity for pollutants and endogenous substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This investigation was made to study and compare the effects of different diets on sensory meat quality and ultimate pH values in reindeer muscles and to relate stress-induced blood metabolites and carcass parameters to the meat quality traits measured. Altogether 23 female reindeer calves were included in the study. During an adaptation period, all reindeer were allowed free access to a mimicked natural diet containing 80% lichens (lichen diet). On January 28, 8 reindeer (group Cjan) were slaughtered. Five reindeer (group C.Mar) were allowed continuous free access to the lichen diet throughout the experiment. During 8 days, the other reindeer (groups PL and PS) were given the lichen diet, half of the amount offered to the control group, and were then starved for one day. Thereafter, these reindeer were fed 80% commercial reindeer feed (pellets) and either 20% lichens (group PL), or 20% silage (group PS) for 5 weeks. After this, all animals were slaughtered. The average carcass weight and dressing percentage in the group fed commercial reindeer feed and lichens (PL) were higher than in group CMar- Fat registrations were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in the groups Cj2n and CMar- Ultimate pH values in M. triceps brachii and M. longissimus were significantly lower in the group CMST than in PL. The levels of all blood metabolites (urea, ASAT and Cortisol) were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in groups Cja„ and CMEF- NO significant differences were found in any of sensory attributes of the meat (monitored according to ISO standards). The present study shows that muscle and fat depots in reindeer can be improved by feeding a diet based on reindeer pellets but suggests that a feeding period of 35 days might be too short to affect the sensory properties of reindeer meat.

Background: Severe postoperative pain is a well-known problem following shoulder surgery. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of continuous interscalene brachial plexus block, patient-controlled analgesia, and morphine (i.v. and i.m.) for postoperative analgesia in this setting.Methods: Thirty patients, scheduled for acromioplasty during general anesthesia, were randomly allocated to one of three different postoperative pain management groups. Group MO received morphine (5 mg i.m. and 2 mg i.v.) when visual analogue pain score (VAS) > 3, group PL received a continuous interscalene brachial plexus block with bupivacaine (1.25 mg kg-1 + 0.25 mg kg-1 h-1) and group PCA received patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (bolus 1 mg). Postoperative pain relief was assessed (24 h) by VAS, circulatory and respiratory stress parameters (heart rate, systemic arterial pressure and respiratory rate) and stress metabolites (glucose, lactate, glycerol by abdominal subcutaneous microdialysis).Results: Pain relief in the PL group was effective (VAS < 3) and significantly more potent than in groups MO and PCA, except at 16 and 20 h. Lactate was significantly increased in the PL group, glucose was significantly increased in all groups, while glycerol showed a variable pattern. There were no significant stress metabolite differences among groups. VAS showed no statistical correlation with microdialysate, respiratory or circulatory data.Conclusion: Successful continuous interscalene brachial plexus block provides very good pain relief following shoulder surgery and is superior to the other methods studied. However, we were unable to demonstrate a correlation between VAS pain scores and stress indicators in metabolic, circulatory and respiratory parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moose populations in the northeastern United States have declined over the past 15 years, primarily due to the impacts of winter ticks. Research efforts have focused on the effects of winter tick infestation on moose survival and reproduction, but stress and nutritional responses to ticks and other stressors remain understudied. We examined the influence of several environmental factors on moose calf stress hormone metabolite concentrations and nutritional restriction in Vermont, USA. We collected 407 fecal and 461 snow urine samples from 84 radio-collared moose calves in the winters of 2017-2019 (January-April) to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations and urea nitrogen:creatinine (UN:C) ratios. We used generalized mixed-effects models to evaluate the influence of individual condition, winter ticks, habitat, climate and human development on stress and nutrition in calf moose. We then used these physiological data to build generalized linear models to predict calf winter survival. Calf fGCM concentrations increased with nutritional restriction and snow depth during adult winter tick engorgement. Calf UN:C ratios increased in calves with lighter weights and higher tick loads in early winter. Calf UN:C ratios also increased in individuals with home ranges composed of little deciduous forests during adult winter tick engorgement. Our predictive models estimated that winter survival was negatively related to UN:C ratios and positively related to fGCM concentrations, particularly in early winter. By late March, as winter ticks are having their greatest toll and endogenous resources become depleted, we estimated a curvilinear relationship between fGCM concentrations and survival. Our results provide novel evidence linking moose calf stress and nutrition, a problematic parasite and challenging environment and winter survival. Our findings provide a baseline to support the development of non-invasive physiological monitoring for assessing environmental impacts on moose populations., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology.)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechins (GTC) on oxidative stress metabolites in healthy individuals while at rest and during exercise. The effects investigated included response to fat metabolism, blood lactate concentrations, and rating of perceived exertion., Methods: In a paralleled, crossover, randomized controlled study, 16 trained male gymnastic students were randomly divided into two groups. The rest group (n = 8; GTC-NEX) received a single dose of 780 mg GTC with water but no exercise; the exercise group (n = 8; GTC-EX) received a similar dose of GTC but were instructed to exercise. This was followed by a crossover study with similar exercise regime as a placebo group (PL-EX) that received water only. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 60 and 120 min of GTC intake. Oxidative stress blood biomarkers using the diacron reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests; urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); 8-OHdG/creatinine; and blood lactate concentrations were analyzed. During the cycle ergometer exercise, volume of maximal oxygen uptake, volume of oxygen consumption, volume of carbon dioxide, and respiratory exchange ratio were measured from a sample of respiratory breath gas collected during low, moderate, and high intensity exercising, and the amount of fat burning and sugar consumption were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance (P < 0.05) between and among the groups., Results: Levels of postexercise oxidative stress metabolites BAP and d-ROMs were found significant (P < 0.0001) in the PL-EX and GTC-EX groups, and returned to pre-exercise levels after the recovery period. Levels of d-ROMs showed no significant difference from baseline upon GTC intake followed by resting and a resting recovery period in the GTC-NEX group. BAP levels were significant upon GTC intake followed by resting (P = 0.04), and after a resting recovery period (P = 0.0006) in the GTC-NEX group. Urinary 8-OHdG levels were significant (P < 0.005) for all groups after the recovery period. A significant difference was noticed between the ratios of resting BAP to d-ROMs and exercise-induced BAP to d-ROMs (P = 0.022) after 60 min of GTC intake, as well as resting 8-OHdG and exercise-induced 8-OHdG levels (P = 0.004) after the recovery period. Oxidative potentials were higher when exercise was performed at low to moderate intensity, accompanied by lower blood lactate concentration and higher amounts of fat oxidation., Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that single-dose consumption of GTC influences oxidative stress biomarkers when compared between the GTC-NEX and GTC-EX groups, which could be beneficial for oxidative metabolism at rest and during exercise, possibly through the catechol-O-methyltransferase mechanism that is most often cited in previous studies., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)