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164 results on '"Strazzulla, Giovanni"'

1. Revealing Callisto's carbon-rich surface and CO2 atmosphere with JWST

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Holler, Bryan J., Camarca, Maria, Faggi, Sara, Neveu, Marc, Roth, Lorenz, Raut, Ujjwal, Glein, Christopher R., Castillo-Rogez, Julie C., Malaska, Michael J., Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique, Nordheim, Tom A., Hand, Kevin P., Strazzulla, Giovanni, Pendleton, Yvonne J., de Kleer, Katherine, Beddingfield, Chloe B., de Pater, Imke, Cruikshank, Dale P., and Protopapa, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyzed spectral cubes of Callisto's leading and trailing hemispheres, collected with the NIRSpec Integrated Field Unit (G395H) on the James Webb Space Telescope. These spatially resolved data show strong 4.25-micron absorption bands resulting from solid-state 12CO2, with the strongest spectral features at low latitudes near the center of its trailing hemisphere, consistent with radiolytic production spurred by magnetospheric plasma interacting with native H2O mixed with carbonaceous compounds. We detected CO2 rovibrational emission lines between 4.2 and 4.3 microns over both hemispheres, confirming the global presence of CO2 gas in Callisto's tenuous atmosphere. These results represent the first detection of CO2 gas over Callisto's trailing side. The distribution of CO2 gas is offset from the subsolar region on either hemisphere, suggesting that sputtering, radiolysis, and geologic processes help sustain Callisto's atmosphere. We detected a 4.38-micron absorption band that likely results from solid-state 13CO2. A prominent 4.57-micron absorption band that might result from CN-bearing organics is present and significantly stronger on Callisto's leading hemisphere, unlike 12CO2, suggesting these two spectral features are spatially anti-associated. The distribution of the 4.57-micron band is more consistent with a native origin and/or accumulation of dust from Jupiter's irregular satellites. Other, more subtle absorption features could result from CH-bearing organics, CO, carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and Na-bearing minerals. These results highlight the need for preparatory laboratory work and improved surface-atmosphere interaction models to better understand carbon chemistry on the icy Galilean moons before the arrival of NASA's Europa Clipper and ESA's JUICE spacecraft., Comment: Accepted in AAS Planetary Science Journal, January 2024

Published
2024

2. Proton and electron irradiations of CH4:H2O mixed ices

Author

Mifsud, Duncan V., Herczku, Péter, Sulik, Béla, Juhász, Zoltán, Vajda, István, Rajta, István, Ioppolo, Sergio, Mason, Nigel J., Strazzulla, Giovanni, and Kanuchová, Zuzana

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The organic chemistry occurring in interstellar environments may lead to the production of complex molecules that are relevant to the emergence of life. Therefore, in order to understand the origins of life itself, it is necessary to probe the chemistry of carbon-bearing molecules under conditions that simulate interstellar space. Several of these regions, such as dense molecular cores, are exposed to ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays, which may act as an important driver of molecular destruction and synthesis. In this paper, we report the results of a comparative and systematic study of the irradiation of CH4:H2O ice mixtures by 1 MeV protons and 2 keV electrons at 20 K.We demonstrate that our irradiations result in the formation of a number of new products, including both simple and complex daughter molecules such as C2H6, C3H8, C2H2, CH3OH, CO, CO2, and probably also H2CO. A comparison of the different irradiation regimes has also revealed that proton irradiation resulted in a greater abundance of radiolytic daughter molecules compared to electron irradiation, despite a lower radiation dose having been administered. These results are important in the context of the radiation astrochemistry occurring within the molecular cores of dense interstellar clouds, as well as on outer Solar System objects., Comment: Published as an open access article in the MDPI journal Atoms

Published
2023
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3. Revealing Callisto’s Carbon-rich Surface and CO2 Atmosphere with JWST

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., primary, Villanueva, Geronimo L., additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Camarca, Maria, additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Neveu, Marc, additional, Roth, Lorenz, additional, Raut, Ujjwal, additional, Glein, Christopher R., additional, Castillo-Rogez, Julie C., additional, Malaska, Michael J., additional, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, additional, Nordheim, Tom A., additional, Hand, Kevin P., additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, de Kleer, Katherine, additional, Beddingfield, Chloe B., additional, de Pater, Imke, additional, Cruikshank, Dale P., additional, and Protopapa, Silvia, additional

Published
2024
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4. Ice structures, patterns, and processes: A view across the ice-fields

Author

Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten, Bergeron, Vance, Cartwright, Julyan H. E., Escribano, Rafael, Finney, John L., Grothe, Hinrich, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Haapala, Jari, Kuhs, Werner F., Pettersson, Jan B. C., Price, Stephen D., Sainz-Díaz, C. Ignacio, Stokes, Debbie J., Strazzulla, Giovanni, Thomson, Erik S., Trinks, Hauke, and Uras-Aytemiz, Nevin

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We look ahead from the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense; on the structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical processes in which it is involved. We highlight open questions in the various fields of ice research in nature; ranging from terrestrial and oceanic ice on Earth, to ice in the atmosphere, to ice on other solar system bodies and in interstellar space.

Published
2012
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5. An IR study of pure and ion irradiated frozen formamide

Author

Brucato, John R., Baratta, Giuseppa A., and Strazzulla, Giovanni

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The chemical evolution of formamide (HCONH2), a molecule of astrobiological interest that has been tentatively identified in interstellar ices and in cometary coma, has been studied in laboratory under simulated astrophysical conditions such as ion irradiation at low temperature. Aims. To evaluate the abundances of formamide observed in space or in laboratory, the integrated absorbances for all the principal IR features of frozen amorphous pure formamide deposited at 20 K were measured. Further evidence that energetic processing of ices occurring in space is extremely relevant both to astrochemistry and to astrobiology has been found, showing that new molecular species are synthesized by ion irradiation at a low temperature. Methods. Pure formamide were deposited at 20 K and IR transmission spectra measured for different ice thicknesses. The ice thickness was derived by looking at the interference pattern (intensity versus time) of a He-Ne laser beam reflected at an angle of 45 deg by the vacuum-film and film-substrate interfaces. Samples of formamide ice were irradiated with 200 keV H+ ions and IR spectra recorded at different ion fluences. Results. New molecules were synthesized among which are CO, CO2, N2O, isocyanic acid (HNCO), and ammonium cyanate (NH4+OCN-). Some of these species remain stable after warming up to room temperature., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2006
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6. Proton and Electron Irradiations of CH4:H2O Mixed Ices

Author

Mifsud, Duncan V., primary, Herczku, Péter, additional, Sulik, Béla, additional, Juhász, Zoltán, additional, Vajda, István, additional, Rajta, István, additional, Ioppolo, Sergio, additional, Mason, Nigel J., additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, and Kaňuchová, Zuzana, additional

Published
2023
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8. Photoprocessing of Organic Material on Ceres: Laboratory Studies on Chemical Evolution of the Inner Dwarf Planet

Author

Brucato, John Robert, primary, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, additional, Pagnoscin, Silvia, additional, Poggiali, Giovanni, additional, Ferrari, Marco, additional, De Angelis, Simone, additional, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, additional, Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Mennella, Vito, additional, Fulvio, Daniele, additional, Popa, Ciprian, additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, and Scirè, Carlotta, additional

Published
2022
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13. Proton and Electron Irradiations of CH 4 :H 2 O Mixed Ices.

Author

Mifsud, Duncan V., Herczku, Péter, Sulik, Béla, Juhász, Zoltán, Vajda, István, Rajta, István, Ioppolo, Sergio, Mason, Nigel J., Strazzulla, Giovanni, and Kaňuchová, Zuzana

Subjects
IRRADIATION, GALACTIC cosmic rays, IONIZING radiation, COSMIC rays, PROTONS, ORGANIC chemistry, SOLAR system, ELECTRONS
Abstract

The organic chemistry occurring in interstellar environments may lead to the production of complex molecules that are relevant to the emergence of life. Therefore, in order to understand the origins of life itself, it is necessary to probe the chemistry of carbon-bearing molecules under conditions that simulate interstellar space. Several of these regions, such as dense molecular cores, are exposed to ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic rays, which may act as an important driver of molecular destruction and synthesis. In this paper, we report the results of a comparative and systematic study of the irradiation of CH4:H2O ice mixtures by 1 MeV protons and 2 keV electrons at 20 K. We demonstrate that our irradiations result in the formation of a number of new products, including both simple and complex daughter molecules such as C2H6, C3H8, C2H2, CH3OH, CO, CO2, and probably also H2CO. A comparison of the different irradiation regimes has also revealed that proton irradiation resulted in a greater abundance of radiolytic daughter molecules compared to electron irradiation, despite a lower radiation dose having been administered. These results are important in the context of the radiation astrochemistry occurring within the molecular cores of dense interstellar clouds, as well as on outer Solar System objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Evolution and alteration of organic material on Ceres, a pathway towards the understanding of complex geological and chemical history of a wet small body

Author

Poggiali, Giovanni, primary, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, additional, Brucato, John Robert, additional, Ferrari, Marco, additional, De Angelis, Simone, additional, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, additional, Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Mennella, Vito, additional, Fulvio, Daniele, additional, Popa, Ciprian, additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, and Sciré, Carlotta, additional

Published
2021
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18. Vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy of space-related ices

Author

Ioppolo, Sergio, primary, Kanuchova, Zuzana, additional, James, Rachel L., additional, Dawes, Anita, additional, Ryabov, Alexei, additional, Dezalay, Jordan, additional, Jones, Nykola C., additional, Hoffmann, Soren V., additional, Mason, Nigel J., additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, Migliorini, Alessandra, additional, Tosi, Federico, additional, Piccioni, Giuseppe, additional, and Barbieri, Mauro, additional

Published
2021
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20. Modeling asteroid surfaces from observations and irradiation experiments: the case of 832 Karin

Author

Brunetto, Rosario, Vernazza, Pierre, Marchi, Simone, Birlan, Mirel, Fulchignoni, Marcello, Orofino, Vincenzo, and Strazzulla, Giovanni

Subjects
Asteroids -- Observations, Observational astronomy, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

We define a new approach to model asteroidal space weathering. We started from recent results of ion irradiation experiments (60-400 keV) of meteorites and silicates to give an accurate description of space weathering, and we included its effects in the Shkuratov model. We found that the reddening and darkening process (in the range 0.3-2.5 [micro]m) does not significantly affect the position or relative intensities of the mafic silicate absorption features and it mainly affects the continuum of reflectance spectra. This continuum is parameterized by a [C.sub.S] coefficient, which is strongly related with the number of displacements per unit area (damage parameter); we consequently obtained an exposure time curve, and corresponding astrophysical timescales. We applied this new description of space weathering to model observed spectra of Asteroid 832 Karin, in the 0.4-2.4 [micro]m spectral region. The obtained exposure time is slightly lower than the age of the impact and collisional breakup which originated the Karin asteroidal family, i.e., about 5.75 x [10.sup.6] years. Keywords: Asteroid, surfaces; Spectroscopy; Experimental techniques; Meteorites

Published
2006

21. Elastic collisions in ion irradiation experiments: A mechanism for space weathering of silicates

Author

Brunetto, Rosario and Strazzulla, Giovanni

Subjects
Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.07.001 Byline: Rosario Brunetto (a)(b), Giovanni Strazzulla (b) Keywords: Spectroscopy; Experimental techniques; Radiation chemistry; Meteorites; Asteroid surfaces Abstract: Ion irradiation experiments have been performed on silicates (bulk samples) rich of olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine to simulate the effects of space weathering induced on asteroids by solar wind ions. We have used different ions (H.sup.+, He.sup.+, Ar.sup.+, Ar.sup.2+) having different energies (from 60 to 400 keV) to weather the samples, probed by Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy. All the irradiated materials have shown reddening and darkening of reflectance spectra in the 0.25-2.7 [mu]m spectral range. We have found that the increase of the spectral slope of the continuum across the 1-[mu]m band is strongly related with the number of displacements caused by colliding ions because of elastic collisions with the target nuclei. The spectral slopes have been compared, at increasing ion fluence, with those from irradiated Epinal meteorite. We show that formation of nuclear displacements by solar wind ion irradiation is a physical mechanism that reddens the asteroidal surfaces on a time-scale lower than 10.sup.6 years. Author Affiliation: (a) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Lecce, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy (b) INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy Article History: Received 23 March 2005; Revised 15 June 2005

Published
2005

23. Optical alteration of complex organics induced by ion irradiation: 1. Laboratory experiments suggest unusual space weathering trend

Author

Moroz, Lyuba, Baratta, Giuseppe, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Starukhina, Larissa, Dotto, Elisabetta, Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Arnold, Gabriele, and Distefano, Elisa

Subjects
Solar system -- Research, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

Most ion irradiation experiments relevant to primitive outer Solar System objects have been performed on ice and silicate targets. Here we present the first ion irradiation experiments performed on natural complex hydrocarbons (asphaltite and kerite). These materials are very dark in the visible and have red-sloped spectra in the visible and near-infrared. They may be comparable in composition and structure to refractory organic solids on the surfaces of primitive outer Solar System objects. We irradiated the samples with 15-400 keV H+, N+, Ar++, and He+ ions and measured their reflectance spectra in the range of 0.3-2.5 [micro]m before ion implantation and after each irradiation step. The results show that irradiation-induced carbonization gradually neutralizes the spectral slopes of these red organic solids. This implies a similar space weathering trend for the surfaces of airless bodies optically dominated by spectrally red organic components. The reduction of spectral slope was observed in all experiments. Irradiation with 30 keV protons, which transfers energy to the target mostly via electronic (inelastic) collisions, showed lower efficiency than the heavier ions. We found that spectral alteration in our experiments increased with increasing contribution of nuclear versus electronic energy loss. This implies that nuclear (elastic) energy deposition plays an important role in changing the optical properties of irradiated refractory complex hydrocarbon materials. Finally, our results indicated that temperature variations from 40 K to room temperature did not influence the spectral properties of these complex hydrocarbon solids. Keywords: Radiation chemistry; Organic chemistry; Spectroscopy

Published
2004

24. Heating and cooling of minerals analogs of Mercury

Author

Bott, Nicolas, Brunetto, Rosario, Doressoundiram, Alain, Carli, Cristian, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Langevin, Yves, Perna, Davide, Poulet, François, Serventi, Giovanna, Sgavetti, Maria, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Borondics, Ferenc, Sandt, Christophe, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

30. Examining the effects of both heating and irradiation on minerals analogs of Mercury

Author

Bott, Nicolas, Brunetto, Rosario, Doressoundiram, Alain, Carli, Cristian, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Langevin, Yves, Perna, Davide, Poulet, François, Serventi, Giovanna, Sgavetti, Maria, Vetere, Francesco, Perugini, Diego, Pauselli, Cristina, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Borondics, Ferenc, Sandt, Christophe, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Brunetto, Rosario

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; We present for the first time the effects of both heating and swift heavy ion irradiation on selected minerals (plagioclase and olivine) and volcanic glasses which could be expected on the surface of Mercury. Clear spectral changes are observed for both alterations. This could have strong implications for the future observations of SIMBIO-SYS and MERTIS, two instruments onboard the BepiColombo mission.

Published
2019

31. Photochemistry of organic molecules in the Solar System: experimental studies outside the International Space Station. The cases of glycine, and nucleobases

Author

Cottin, Hervé, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Dobrijevic, M., Westall, Frances, Coussot, Gaelle, Le Postollec, A., Fray, Nicolas, Chaput, Didier, Quinn, Richard, Mattioda, . Andrew, Baratta, Giuseppe, Accolla, Mario, Georgelin, Thomas, Stalport, Fabien, Rouquette, Laura, Szopa, Cyril, Saiagh, Kafila, Bellila, Jodie, Grira, Katia, Elsaesser, Andreas, Carrasco, Nathalie, Dass, Avinash-Vicholous, Palumbo, M. E., Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), ASP 2018, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Experimental Molecular Biophysics [Berlin], Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin-Freie Universität Berlin, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fachbereich Physik [Freie Univeristät Berlin] | Department of Physics [Freie Univeristät Berlin], Pomies, Marie-Paule, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IMPEC - LATMOS

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience; Solar UV radiation is a major source of energy for initiating chemical evolution towards complex organic structures, but it can also photo-dissociate even the most complex molecules. Thus, solar UV can erase the organic traces of past life at the surface of planets, such as Mars, destroy organic molecules present on meteorites and micrometeorites, influence the production of distributed sources in comets or initiate chemistry in Titan's atmosphere. In the interstellar medium, the UV radiation field emitted by stars in the galaxy is also responsible for the chemical evolution and the extraordinary diversity of organic molecules detected. PSS (Photochemistry on the Space Station) was a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) experiment, implemented from mid-2014 to early 2016 on the EXPOSE-R2 platform outside the International Space Station. Its goal was to improve our knowledge about the chemical nature and evolution of organic molecules with astrobiological implications in space environments. It was a new step in a series of experiments conducted outside the MIR space station, in the ESA BIOPAN and previous EXPOSE facilities. In PSS, both vented and sealed cells were used allowing exposure of both solid and gaseous samples. Five kinds of experiments was carried out exposing molecules related to different environmental factors of astrobiological significance: the interstellar medium, comets & meteorites, Titan, Mars, as well as a set of samples to test the stability of biochips in space. In this talk we will describe the PSS experiment and focus on some results related to the stability of some prebioticaly relevant compounds such as glycine, the simplest amino acid, and nucleobases such as uracil, guanine and adenine. These molecules were both exposed in Low Earth Orbit and studied in the laboratory in order to derive their photochemical lifetime if they are ejected from comets on dust particles and orbit around the Sun before reaching the Earth as micrometeorites. The results can lead to better understand the contribution of cometary particles in the establishment of an organic reservoir on primitive Earth.

Published
2018

38. AstRoMap European Astrobiology Roadmap

Author

Horneck, Gerda, Walter, Nicolas, Westall, Frances, Grenfell, John Lee, Martin, William F., Gomez, Felipe, Leuko, Stefan, Lee, Natuschka, Onofri, Silvano, Tsiganis, Kleomenis, Saladino, Raffaele, Pilat-Lohinger, Elke, Palomba, Ernesto, Harrison, Jesse, Rull, Fernando, Muller, Christian, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Brucato, John R., Rettberg, Petra, Capria, Maria Teresa, Horneck, Gerda, Walter, Nicolas, Westall, Frances, Grenfell, John Lee, Martin, William F., Gomez, Felipe, Leuko, Stefan, Lee, Natuschka, Onofri, Silvano, Tsiganis, Kleomenis, Saladino, Raffaele, Pilat-Lohinger, Elke, Palomba, Ernesto, Harrison, Jesse, Rull, Fernando, Muller, Christian, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Brucato, John R., Rettberg, Petra, and Capria, Maria Teresa

Abstract

The European AstRoMap project (supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme) surveyed the state of the art of astrobiology in Europe and beyond and produced the first European roadmap for astrobiology research. In the context of this roadmap, astrobiology is understood as the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the context of cosmic evolution; this includes habitability in the Solar System and beyond. The AstRoMap Roadmap identifies five research topics, specifies several key scientific objectives for each topic, and suggests ways to achieve all the objectives. The five AstRoMap Research Topics are • Research Topic 1: Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems • Research Topic 2: Origins of Organic Compounds in Space • Research Topic 3: Rock-Water-Carbon Interactions, Organic Synthesis on Earth, and Steps to Life • Research Topic 4: Life and Habitability • Research Topic 5: Biosignatures as Facilitating Life Detection It is strongly recommended that steps be taken towards the definition and implementation of a European Astrobiology Platform (or Institute) to streamline and optimize the scientific return by using a coordinated infrastructure and funding system.

Published
2016
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39. AstRoMap European Astrobiology Roadmap

Author

Horneck, Gerda, primary, Walter, Nicolas, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Grenfell, John Lee, additional, Martin, William F., additional, Gomez, Felipe, additional, Leuko, Stefan, additional, Lee, Natuschka, additional, Onofri, Silvano, additional, Tsiganis, Kleomenis, additional, Saladino, Raffaele, additional, Pilat-Lohinger, Elke, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Harrison, Jesse, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Muller, Christian, additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, Brucato, John R., additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, and Capria, Maria Teresa, additional

Published
2016
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41. Radiation effects in astrophysical ices

Author

Boduch, Philippe, primary, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, de Barros, Ana L F, additional, da Silveira, Enio F, additional, Domaracka, Alicja, additional, Lv, Xue-Yang, additional, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, additional, Pilling, Sergio, additional, Rothard, Hermann, additional, Duarte, Eduardo Seperuelo, additional, and Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional

Published
2015
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42. The science of EChO

Author

Tinetti , Giovanna, Cho , James Y.-K., Griffith , Caitlin A., Grasset , Olivier, Grenfell , Lee, Guillot , Tristan, Koskinen , Tommi T., Moses , Julianne I., Pinfield , David, Tennyson , Jonathan, Tessenyi , Marcell, Wordsworth , Robin, Aylward , Alan, Van Boekel , Roy, Coradini , Angioletta, Encrenaz , Therese, Snellen , Ignas, Zapatero-Osorio , Maria R., Bouwman , Jeroen, Du Foresto , Vincent Coudé, Lopez-Morales , Mercedes, Mueller-Wodarg , Ingo, Pallé , Enric, Selsis , Franck, Sozzetti , Alessandro, Beaulieu , Jean-Philippe, Henning , Thomas, Meyer , Michael, Micela , Giuseppina, Ribas , Ignasi, Stam , Daphne, Swain , Mark, Krause , Oliver, Ollivier , Marc, Pace , Emanuele, Swinyard , Bruce, Ade , Peter A. R., Achilleos , Nick, Adriani , Alberto, Agnor , Craig B., Afonso , Cristina, Prieto , Carlos Allende, Bakos , Gaspar, Barber , Robert J., Barlow , Michael, Bernath , Peter, Bézard , Bruno, Bordé , Pascal, Brown , Linda R., Cassan , Arnaud, Cavarroc , Céline, Ciaravella , Angela, Cockell , Charles, Coustenis , Athéna, Danielski , Camilla, Decin , Leen, De Kok , Remco, Demangeon , Olivier, Deroo , Pieter, Doel , Peter, Drossart , Pierre, Fletcher , Leigh N., Focardi , Matteo, Forget , Francois, Fossey , Steve, Fouqué , Pascal, Frith , James, Galand , Marina, Gaulme , Patrick, Hernández , Jonay I. González, Grassi , Davide, Griffin , Matt J., Grözinger , Ulrich, Guedel , Manuel, Guio , Pactrick, Hainaut , Olivier, Hargreaves , Robert, Hauschildt , Peter H., Heng , Kevin, Heyrovsky , David, Hueso , Ricardo, Irwin , Pat, Kaltenegger , Lisa, Kervella , Patrick, Kipping , David, Kovacs , Geza, Barbera , Antonino La, Lammer , Helmut, Lellouch , Emmanuel, Leto , Giuseppe, Morales , Mercedes Lopez, Valverde , Miguel A. Lopez, Lopez-Puertas , Manuel, Lovi , Christophe, Maggio , Antonio, Maillard , Jean-Pierre, Prado , Jesus Maldonado, Marquette , Jean-Baptiste, Martin-Torres , Francisco J., Maxted , Pierre, Miller , Steve, Molinari , Sergio, Montes , David, Moro-Martin , Amaya, Mousis , Olivier, Tuong , Napoléon Nguyen, Nelson , Richard, Orton , Glenn S., Pantin , Eric, Pascale , Enzo, Pezzuto , Stefano, Poretti , Ennio, Prinja , Raman, Prisinzano , Loredana, Réess , Jean-Michel, Reiners , Ansgar, Samuel , Benjamin, Forcada , Jorge Sanz, Sasselov , Dimitar, Savini , Giorgio, Sicardy , Bruno, Smith , Alan, Stixrude , Lars, Strazzulla , Giovanni, Vasisht , Gautam, Vinatier , Sandrine, Viti , Serena, Waldmann , Ingo, White , Glenn J., Widemann , Thomas, Yelle , Roger, Yung , Yuk, Yurchenko , Sergey, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson], University of Arizona, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes ( LPGN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides ( CASSIOPEE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario ( INAF ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) ( DAP ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux ( L3AB ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie ( MPIA ), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo ( OAPa ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research ( SRON ), University of Calgary, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Physics and Astronomy [London], Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Astronomische Rechen-Institut [Heidelberg] ( ARI ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] ( PSSRI ), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] ( CEPSAR ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ) -The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace ( IPSL ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes ( LATT ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetaro ( IFSI ), Escuela Superior de Ingenieria, Universidad del País Vasco, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences ( IWF ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), Department of Science and Technology Studies [London] ( STS ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles ( AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], and The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU )

Subjects
[ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: general, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, planetary systems, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], planetary systems: formation
Abstract

International audience; The science of extra-solar planets is one of the most rapidly changing areas of astrophysics and since 1995 the number of planets known has increased by almost two orders of magnitude. A combination of ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions has resulted in 560-plus planets being detected, and over 1200 that await confirmation. NASA's Kepler mission has opened up the possibility of discovering Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around some of the 100,000 stars it is surveying during its 3 to 4-year lifetime. The new ESA's Gaia mission is expected to discover thousands of new planets around stars within 200 parsecs of the Sun. The key challenge now is moving on from discovery, important though that remains, to characterisation: what are these planets actually like, and why are they as they are? In the past ten years, we have learned how to obtain the first spectra of exoplanets using transit transmission and emission spectroscopy. With the high stability of Spitzer, Hubble, and large ground-based telescopes the spectra of bright close-in massive planets can be obtained and species like water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide have been detected. With transit science came the first tangible remote sensing of these planetary bodies and so one can start to extrapolate from what has been learnt from Solar System probes to what one might plan to learn about their faraway siblings. As we learn more about the atmospheres, surfaces and near-surfaces of these remote bodies, we will begin to build up a clearer picture of their construction, history and suitability for life. The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, will be the first dedicated mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. By characterising spectroscopically more bodies in different environments we will take detailed planetology out of the Solar System and into the Galaxy as a whole. EChO has now been selected by the European Space Agency to be assessed as one of four M3 mission candidates.

Published
2010
Full Text
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43. A spectral model for irradiated silicates: application to asteroid 832 Karin

Author

Brunetto, Rosario, Vernazza, Pierre, Marchi, Simone, Birlan, Mirel, Fulchignoni, Marcello, Orofino, Vincenzo, Strazzulla, Giovanni, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénieurs, Techniciens et Administratifs, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

48. Preparing EChO space mission: laboratory simulation of planetary atmospheres

Author

Claudi, Riccardo U., additional, Erculiani, Marco S., additional, Micela, Giuseppina, additional, D'Alessandro, Maurizio, additional, Galletta, Giuseppe, additional, Giro, Enrico, additional, Adriani, Alberto, additional, Altieri, Francesca, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Billi, Daniela, additional, Cecchi-Pestellini, Cesare, additional, Ciaravella, Angela, additional, Filacchione, Gianrico, additional, Gilli, Gabriella, additional, Giuranna, Marco, additional, Grassi, Davide, additional, Leto, Giuseppe, additional, Pace, Emanuele, additional, Palumbo, Maria E., additional, Piccioni, Giuseppe, additional, Scuderi, Salvatore, additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, and Turrini, Diego, additional

Published
2014
Full Text
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50. Space Weathering Effects on Small Body Surfaces: Laboratory Fast Ions Bombardment

Author

Strazzulla, Giovanni, Dotto, Elisabetta, Barucci, Maria Antonella, Blanco, A., Orofino, Vincenzo, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

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