124 results on '"Straub OC"'
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2. Zur Bedeutung der persistierenden Lymphozytose für Rückschlüsse auf die Ätiologie der Rinderleukose
- Author
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Straub Oc
- Subjects
Young age ,Bovine leukosis ,Biology ,Molecular biology ,Viral etiology ,Leucosis - Abstract
Zusammenfassung Bis heute fehlt der exakte Nachweis der virologischen Natur des Erregers der Rinderleukose. Die folgenden Indizien sprechen fur das Vorliegen eines infektiosen, zum Teil auch fur ein virales Agens: Ubertragungs-, epizootische und elektronenmikroskopische Studien, in Gewebekulturen beobachtete Veranderungen (Riesenzellbildung, Lymphozytenadsorption, Interferenz- und Fluoreszenzerscheinungen), eine sogenannte leukozytogene Eigenschaft des Plasmas von leukotischen Tieren und der Nachweis eines “leukosogenen” Agens. Die Frage der Bedeutung einer persistierenden Lymphozytose erscheint dadurch beantwortet, das bei unseren Versuchen bisher bereits 50% der Rinder mit einer persistierenden Lymphozytose an tumoroser Leukose in einem Durchschnittsalter von 7 Jahren starben. Zu Vergleichszwecken wurden Beispiele aus der murinen Leukamieforschung herangezogen, und es wurde dargelegt, wie sehr Dosis und Empfanglichkeit von Stamm und Alter bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studien der aviaren und murinen Leukosen lassen die Zuchtung eines Rinderstammes, der besonders anfallig fur Leukose ist, notwendig erscheinen. Die ersten zwei Generationen, die von Leukosetieren abstammen, stehen bereits in dem Versuch, der dieses Ziel verfolgt. Summary Persisting lymphocytosis and its relation to the etiology of bovine leukosis The viral etiology of bovine leukosis has not been exactly proven, however, the results of a number of laboratorial and field experiments indicate it. They are: Transmission experiments, epizootic studies, electron microscopy, changes observed in tissue cultures — such as giant cell formation, lymphocyte adsorption, interference, and fluorescence microscopy —, a so-called “leuko-cytogeneous” property of plasma from leukotic animals and the presence of a “leukosogeneous” agent in leukotic tissues. The question whether or not lymphocytosis is indicative of leukosis is answered by demonstrating that 50% of the lymphocytic cattle in our experiments came down with tumorous leukosis at an average age of 7 years. Other examples from murine leukemia studies are cited where it was possible to demonstrate how much susceptibility and dosage vary from strain to strain and age. A 2000 fold dosage of the one given newborn mice was found to be necessary to induce leukemia in adult mice of the NMRI strain. It is stated that first of all the establishment of a specially leukosis susceptible strain of cattle where lymphocytosis as expression of leukosis and nothing else occurs at a relatively young age is most desirable. Finally it is mentioned that the first two generations derived from leukotic cattle are already used in experiments designed to reach this goal. Resume La lymphocytose persistante en relation a l'etiologie de la leucose bovine Il nous manque encore aujourd'hui la preuve exacte de la nature virale de l'agent de la leucose bovine. Les indices suivants parlent pour la presence d'un agent infectieux, de meme que viral: les etudes epizootiques, les etudes de transmission, les examens au microscope electronique, les modifications observees dans les cultures de tissus (formation de cellules geantes, adsorption de lymphocytes, phenomenes d'interference et de fluorescence), une certaine propriete leucocytogene du plasma d'animaux leucotiques et la mise en evidence d'un agent «leucosogene≥. La question de la signification d'une lymphocytose persistante semble trouver une reponse dans le fait suivant: dans nos experiences, 50% des boeufs, atteints de lymphocytose persistante, sont morts de leucose tumorale, en general vers l'âge de 7 ans. A titre comparatif, nous avons pris des exemples dans le recherche sur la leucemie murine et montre a quel point la dose et la sensibilite etaient affectees par la souche et l'âge. Les resultats des etudes sur les leucoses aviaires et murines montrent la necessite d'utiliser une souche bovine particulierement receptive a la leucose. Les 2 premieres generations, issues d'animaux leucotiques, sont a l'etude dans ce but. Resumen La linfocitosis persistente relacionado con la etiologia de la leucosis bovina Hasta la fecha falta la demostracion exacta de la naturaleza virologica del agente etiologico de la leucosis bovina. Los indicios siguientes abogan a favor de la presencia de un agente infeccioso, en parte tambien de uno viral: Estudios de transmision, epizooticos y con el microscopio electronico, alteraciones observadas en cultivos histicos (formacion de celulas gigantes, adsorcion linfocitaria, fenomenos de interferencia y fluorescencia), la llamada propiedad leucocitogena del plasma de animales leucoticos y la identificacion de un agente «leucosogeno≥. La cuestion de la importancia de una linfocitosis persistente parece contestada con el hecho de que en nuestros ensayos ya ha muerto el 50% de las reses vacunas con una linfocitosis persistente en la leucosis tumoral alcanzando una edad media de 7 anos. Para fines comparativos se aportaron ejemplos de la investigacion leucemica murina, explanando en que grado dependen la dosis y receptividad de la estirpe y edad. Los resultados de los estudios de las leucosis aviares y murinas dictaron la necesidad de criar una casta vacuna, que fuese harto susceptible frente a la leucosis. Las dos generaciones primeras, descendientes de animales leucoticos, ya se encuentran formando parte del ensayo que persigue este fin.
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- 2010
3. Studies on horizontal transmission of bovine leukosis
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Straub Oc
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Time Factors ,Lymphocyte ,Cattle Diseases ,Biology ,Body Temperature ,Species Specificity ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Lymphocytes ,Pylorus ,Leukemia ,Leukemia, Experimental ,Colostrum ,Myocardium ,Age Factors ,Immunity ,Bovine leukosis ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,Blood Cell Count ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animals, Newborn ,Cattle ,Female ,Lymph Nodes ,Lymph ,Horizontal transmission - Abstract
A group of five newborn calves and a second group of seven calves of different breeds with a minimum age of six weeks, were placed in contact with animals with clinical cases of bovine leukosis for a period of five years. Among the newborn calves, one — a “Fleckvieh”1 — developed tumorous leukosis in which many lymph nodes, the heart and the pylorus were affected. Two others in this group-also “Fleckvieh”-have moderately elevated lymphocyte counts, one of them developed enlarged prescapular lymph nodes. Those cattle brought in contact with diseased animals at a minimum age of six weeks remained-4 of them were Holsteins-normal throughout the course of the experiment. It is suggested that 1) neonatal cattle are more susceptible than those that are six week of age or older and 2) that the “Fleckvieh”-breed may be just as susceptible to leukosis as the Holstein one. It does not seem to have an inherited resistance against leukosis.
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- 1971
4. ENTEROVIRUS AS CAUSE OF BOVINE VAGINITIS
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Boehm Ho and Straub Oc
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Enterovirus Infections ,Cattle Diseases ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Medical microbiology ,Virology ,Germany ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Vaginitis ,Enterovirus ,Germany, West ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vulvovaginitis ,Cattle ,Female ,Bovine enterovirus - Abstract
In carrying out various laboratory and animal experiments it was possible to identify the agent causing catarrhal vaginitis in cattle as a bovine enterovirus.
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- 1964
5. Maedi-Visna virus infection in sheep. History and present knowledge.
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Straub OC
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- Animals, Sheep, Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep prevention & control, Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep virology, Visna-maedi virus growth & development
- Abstract
Briefly the history of maedi-visna and the major clinical symptoms are described. Examples are presented to demonstrate that the genetic composition of a breed determines whether or not sheep become sick after an infection with maedi-visna virus (mvv) or develop solely specific antibodies. The major pathway of transmission is not colostrum and milk, but a cell containing increased nasal discharge in cases of respiratory distress. The role of the environment and prophylactic measures against parasites is stressed, because even sheep of highly susceptible breeds can survive an infection under optimal conditions. The virus and subsequently the disease simply die out. The cooperation between clinicians and laboratories is necessary.
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- 2004
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6. Advances in BHV1 (IBR) research.
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Straub OC
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- Animals, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cattle, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Cattle Diseases immunology, Herpesviridae Infections epidemiology, Herpesviridae Infections prevention & control, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine classification, Immunity, Cellular, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis epidemiology, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis immunology, Prevalence, Viral Vaccines, Virus Latency, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis prevention & control
- Abstract
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV1) is the aetiological agent of a number of diseases and not only of IBR, namely infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), infectious balanoposthitis (IBP), conjunctivitis, encephalomyelitis, mastitis, abortion, enteritis, and lesions in the interdigital space. The serological identical strains differ, however, in some aspects. Typical genital strains usually cause a mild illness, sometimes not even detected clinically, but serologically. They hamper eradication programmes and do not cause IBR when inoculated intranasally. The other--modern--strains are, however, always able to induce a severe disease in the genital tracts. But infection of field or vaccine virus leads to the development of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The latter is, however, not transmitted to neonates via colostrum. BHV1 antibodies can be found in bovines in all continents, and in many wild species. Prevalences vary greatly depending on herd size and management. Because seronegative cattle play a role in international trade a number of European countries have eradicated BHV1, with very high costs involved. Marker and conventional vaccines can prevent disease but not infection followed by the state of latency. The genomes of several strains, including the marker strains can remain latent in the same animal and be reactivated after stress or injection of corticosteroids. For the detection of humoral antibodies the ELISA is widely used. It is useful for testing bulk milk samples for antibodies derived from field virus and conventional vaccines but not from gE-deleted marker vaccines. Importing countries should consider only vaccinated animals for import. They should require that the animals are seronegative prior to vaccination.
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- 2001
7. Analysis of the phenotype and phagocytic activity of monocytes/macrophages from cattle infected with the bovine leukaemia virus.
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Werling D, Howard CJ, Niederer E, Straub OC, Saalmüller A, and Langhans W
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- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, CD immunology, Cells, Cultured, Flow Cytometry veterinary, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II immunology, Immunophenotyping veterinary, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Cattle immunology, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis immunology, Leukemia Virus, Bovine immunology, Macrophages immunology, Monocytes immunology, Phagocytosis physiology
- Abstract
The bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects mainly B lymphocytes of cattle, but proviral DNA can also be isolated from monocytes/macrophages. This study investigated the effect of BLV infection on surface antigens on freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes and cultured monocyte-derived macrophages, with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The effect of BLV infection on phagocytic activity of CD14+ monocytes was also assessed. The percentage of monocytes expressing the surface antigens CD11b, CD32 (FcgammaRII), MHC class II and the surface antigen recognised by mAb DH59B were increased in BLV-positive cattle. In contrast, expression intensity of all markers was low in samples from BLV-positive cattle. CD14+ monocytes from BLV-positive cattle showed less Fcgamma-receptor-mediated phagocytosis compared to monocytes from BLV-negative cattle. After 7 days in culture, there was evidence for shedding/downregulation of surface antigens on monocyte-derived macrophages, in particular on cells from BLV-positive cattle. LPS stimulation decreased the percentage of cells expressing the measured markers in monocyte-derived macrophages taken from BLV-negative cattle, but not in cultures derived from BLV-positive cattle. The results provide further evidence for an altered function of monocytes and macrophages in BLV-infected cattle.
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- 1998
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8. Risk of BSE from the import of cattle from the United Kingdom into countries of the European Union.
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Schreuder BE, Wilesmith JW, Ryan JB, and Straub OC
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- Animals, Cattle, Cohort Studies, Europe, Incidence, Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Commerce, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform epidemiology, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform transmission
- Abstract
This study assesses quantitatively the risk that other countries, in particular those within the European Union, have incurred by importing cattle from the United Kingdom during the period before or shortly after the ban on the import of live breeding stock was introduced in 1989. It does this by assessing the probability that animals imported from the UK in a certain year would have become a detected BSE case, had they not been exported. Using the annual incidence rates available for separate birth cohorts and a given culling rate, a cumulative incidence for each birth cohort was calculated. These figures were then combined with the numbers of live breeding cattle imported from the UK into the other countries of the EU, to give an import-related risk index for each country, assuming that their culling rates were similar to that in Great Britain. The countries could thus be categorised in terms of the number of cases of BSE they might have expected.
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- 1997
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9. BSE: a European problem.
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Schreuder BE and Straub OC
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- Animals, Cattle, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform prevention & control, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform transmission, Europe epidemiology, Incidence, United Kingdom epidemiology, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform epidemiology
- Published
- 1996
10. Detection of scrapie agent in the peripheral nervous system of a diseased sheep.
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Groschup MH, Weiland F, Straub OC, and Pfaff E
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- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peripheral Nerves metabolism, PrPSc Proteins metabolism, Scrapie metabolism, Sheep metabolism
- Abstract
In an attempt to determine whether scrapie infectivity can be found in the peripheral nervous system of a scrapie-diseased sheep, mice were inoculated intracerebrally or intraperitoneally with 10-fold dilutions of homogenates of Nervus (N.) axillaris, N. ulnaris, N. medianus, N. ischiadicus, N. tibialis, N. fibularis, and N.saphenus. Mice were observed for clinical signs of scrapie for 700 days and their brains were analyzed for accumulation of pathological prion protein by immunoblot. Substantial amounts of infectivity were found in all peripheral nerves tested except N.saphenus. Infectivity at titers of approximately 10(4.5) mouse infectious units (MIU)/g were detected in N. axillaris and N. ischiadicus, of approximately 10(3.0) MIU/g in N. ulnaris, N. medianus, N. tibialis, and N.fibularis, and of 10(6) MIU/g in the cerebellum. Since muscles are traversed by the nerve tracts tested, mutton of scrapie-diseased animals should not be regarded as being free of scrapie agent.
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- 1996
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11. Studies on the suitability of alpha-hybrid interferon application in cattle.
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Straub OC
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- Administration, Oral, Animals, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, Antiviral Agents isolation & purification, Body Temperature drug effects, Body Weight drug effects, Cattle blood, Escherichia coli chemistry, Female, Heart Rate drug effects, Hemodynamics drug effects, Injections, Intravenous, Interferon-alpha administration & dosage, Interferon-alpha isolation & purification, Leukocyte Count drug effects, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Respiration drug effects, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Cattle physiology, Interferon-alpha pharmacology
- Abstract
Twelve cattle with body wts ranging from 100 to 250 kg were treated using various doses and routes for four days with an E. coli derived alpha-hybrid interferon. The lowest parenteral doses (10(4) units per kg body wt) and the orally administered interferon did not lead to any disturbances, whereas the higher dosages led to marked changes in body temperature, pulse and respiration rates. Animals with the highest dose (10(8) units per kg body wt) became extremely distressed. The blood picture showed distinct changes, with very low leukocyte counts during treatment, which took weeks to recover. It is suggested that the dosages that did not lead to clinical symptoms are best suited for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes.
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- 1995
- Full Text
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12. Foot-and-mouth disease. Challenge of cattle after multiple vaccinations.
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Straub OC
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- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases etiology, Cattle Diseases pathology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease etiology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease pathology, Immunity, Immunization Schedule, Aphthovirus immunology, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
Four groups of six cattle were vaccinated from two to five times at 6 month intervals with two different trivalent FMD vaccines licensed in the given year. The FMDV type A strains in the vaccines designated A5F and A5B were closely related. Three months after the last vaccination the cattle were challenged by contact with animals inoculated with the original field strain A5B. The inoculated animals developed typical FMD symptoms with vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. Those cattle which had received vaccines that did not contain strain A5B also became severely sick, even after five vaccinations. Animals vaccinated twice with type B containing vaccine were also not completely protected. A safe protection can obviously only be achieved for fairly short periods of time if vaccine and challenge strain are homologous. It is proposed to change the rules of licensing, to speed up the procedure to vaccinate in cases of outbreaks. The need for further research, especially into improving vaccines, is stressed.
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- 1995
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13. An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of border disease virus in persistently infected sheep.
- Author
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Waldvogel AS, Ehrensperger F, Straub OC, and Pospischil A
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- Animals, Antigens, Viral analysis, Body Weight, Border disease virus immunology, Central Nervous System pathology, Endocrine Glands virology, Epithelium virology, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Lymphocytes virology, Male, Mesencephalon virology, Muscle, Smooth virology, Neuroglia virology, Neurons virology, Rumen immunology, Rumen pathology, Sheep, Spinal Cord virology, Trigeminal Ganglion virology, Border Disease virology, Border disease virus isolation & purification, Central Nervous System virology
- Abstract
Three seronegative sheep persistently infected with Border disease virus and six seropositive, non-viraemic sheep were examined for the cellular distribution of the agent. These animals originated from a closed flock which had been kept in an isolation facility for 5 years. They were killed and immediately necropsied. There were no gross abnormalities other than reduced body weight of the persistently infected sheep. Two samples of each major organ were collected. The first sample was fixed by immersion in formalin and processed for histological examination, which showed no lesions unequivocally attributable to the viral infection. The second sample was snap-frozen for immunohistochemical examination. This revealed viral antigen in all organs of the persistently infected, but in none of the seropositive animals. The infected cells included smooth muscle cells of hollow organs and blood vessels, epithelial cells of the alimentary tract and urogenital organs, lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, endocrine cells, neurons and glial cell.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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14. Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in nasal swabs of asymptomatic cattle by RT-PCR within 24 hours.
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Marquardt O, Straub OC, Ahl R, and Haas B
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- Animals, Antigens, Viral analysis, Aphthovirus genetics, Aphthovirus immunology, Cattle, Cattle Diseases immunology, Cattle Diseases metabolism, Cell Line, Cricetinae, DNA, Viral analysis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Foot-and-Mouth Disease immunology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease metabolism, Nasal Mucosa pathology, Phylogeny, RNA, Viral analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Transcription, Genetic, Aphthovirus isolation & purification, Cattle Diseases virology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease virology, Nasal Mucosa virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
- Abstract
A method for extracting RNA from animal-derived materials that provides foot-and-mouth disease viral template suitable for Tth polymerase-dependent synthesis of cDNA and subsequent PCR is described. Viral genomes were detected in less than 24 h. Nasal swabs that can be easily and repeatedly collected, proved suitable for virus detection by PCR, even during the asymptomatic stages of infection.
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- 1995
- Full Text
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15. [Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: detection of specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and synovia].
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Straub OC
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- Animals, Antibodies, Viral cerebrospinal fluid, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Arthritis, Infectious cerebrospinal fluid, Arthritis, Infectious immunology, Arthritis, Infectious veterinary, Encephalitis cerebrospinal fluid, Encephalitis immunology, Encephalitis veterinary, Female, Goat Diseases cerebrospinal fluid, Goats, Lentivirus Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Lentivirus Infections immunology, Male, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine immunology, Goat Diseases immunology, Lentivirus Infections veterinary, Synovial Membrane immunology
- Abstract
Following transmission studies cerebrospinal fluid and synovia were checked for the presence of specific antibodies from ten seronegative goats derived from seropositive females and from 16 seropositive goats showing typical clinical symptoms. In the samples from the seronegative goats it was not possible to detect any specific antibodies whereas in 14 of the 16 seropositive goats specific antibodies were found in the synovia and in two goats specific antibodies could be found in the cerebrospinal fluid. The conclusion was that the local clinical symptoms may be the result of an antigen-antibody reaction.
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- 1994
16. [The problem of recurrence of enzootic bovine leukosis in previously cured herds].
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Lorenz RJ and Straub OC
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- Animals, Cattle, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis prevention & control, Germany epidemiology, Incidence, Recurrence, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Within nine months, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) occurred in 23 well documented herds. Eight of them (= 35%) had previously conducted the eradication programme as laid down by law. This proportion is tenfold higher than anticipated from the average incidence rate since 1978. The conclusion is drawn that a higher risk for reinfection exists for herds previously infected and cleaned than for those that never had leukosis before. For such cases hypotheses are presented. In one case clear evidence for one of the hypotheses was obtained. In case of re-occurrence of EBL in a previously cleaned herd it is proposed to examine the white blood picture of the sero-positive animals. If hematologically positive cattle are detected, they should be removed from the herd including their offspring.
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- 1994
17. Biotin kinetics in serum of cattle after intravenous and oral dosing.
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Frigg M, Hartmann D, and Straub OC
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- Administration, Oral, Animals, Biological Availability, Biotin administration & dosage, Biotin blood, Cattle, Female, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Models, Biological, Biotin pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Single oral (p.o.) or intravenous (i.v.) doses of biotin were given to four cattle (400-450 kg body weight) in two consecutive tests two weeks apart. Dosages were p.o. 20, 40, 80 or 160 and i.v. 5, 10, 20, 40 mg biotin per 300 kg body weight. A three-compartment model was used to describe the course of serum concentrations with time. After i.v. administration, terminal half-lives of about 8 h were found. Areas under the curves were linearly related to both the p.o. and the i.v. doses. The systemically available fraction of the p.o. dose was 50 to 60%. On the basis of kinetic parameters, the biotin uptake via the feed was estimated to be 2.5 mg/day, which was about half of that estimated to be in the hay consumed. The data suggest that there was no relevant ruminal synthesis of biotin.
- Published
- 1994
18. The bioavailability of supplemental biotin in cattle.
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Frigg M, Straub OC, and Hartmann D
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- Administration, Oral, Animal Feed, Animals, Biological Availability, Biotin administration & dosage, Biotin blood, Cattle, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Female, Half-Life, Hematocrit, Biotin pharmacokinetics, Rumen metabolism
- Abstract
A trial using 12 yearling heifers was carried out to test whether biotin metabolism and bioavailability are influenced by continuous dietary supplementation with biotin. Six of these heifers received no biotin supplementation (controls), while six received a daily dietary supplement of 20 mg biotin over the whole experimental period of four months. During each of three test periods (on days 14 and 21, 56 and 63, and 118 and 124), single test dosages of 40 mg (oral) and 5 mg (intravenous) biotin were given to each animal in a crossover test design. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h after each of these single doses, and at approximately two-weekly intervals for the assessment of baseline values. Serum biotin levels were determined by an ELSA test. Areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated as the target parameter for the assessment of the bioavailability of orally administered biotin. Serum biotin baseline levels were 300-800 ng/l in the controls and 3000-8000 ng/l in the supplemented animals. In both groups, AUC values in the first test period (days 14 and 21) were significantly higher than in subsequent periods. However, the biotin supplementation showed no significant effect. There was no significant difference in elimination half-lives between groups with and without biotin supplementation. The range was 5-18 h. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the bioavailability of biotin between the test periods or between the biotin-supplemented and unsupplemented animals. Overall bioavailability was 48%.
- Published
- 1993
19. Amino acid changes outside the G-H loop of capsid protein VP1 of type O foot-and-mouth disease virus confer resistance to neutralization by antipeptide G-H serum.
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Krebs O, Ahl R, Straub OC, and Marquardt O
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Aphthovirus classification, Capsid Proteins, Epitopes genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Neutralization Tests, Peptides genetics, Peptides immunology, Protein Conformation, Swine, Aphthovirus genetics, Aphthovirus immunology, Capsid genetics, Capsid immunology
- Abstract
Antiserum to a peptide corresponding to the 135-154 sequence of capsid protein VP1 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus O1 Kaufbeuren was raised in a pig. Although this serum contained neutralizing antibodies, the pig showed clinical symptoms after challenge. Virus isolated from this pig was identified as a mutant, with changes at positions 50, 198 and 211 of VP1 and at position 209 of VP2. This mutant, as well as a plaque isolate of it, differing from the challenge virus at positions 198 on VP1 (alanine being substituted for glutamic acid) and 209 on VP2 (histidine being substituted for tyrosine) resisted neutralization by the anti-peptide serum also in vitro. The same was observed with the O1 Kaufbeuren-related strain O1 Burgwedel, isolated from cattle in the field. It had substitutions only at positions 43 and 101 on VP1. The results show that neutralization epitopes flanking positions 145-147 on VP1 are modulated by other capsid protein parts. These parts seem to be important for neutralization escape in natural FMDV host species.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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20. [Viral agents as the cause of reproductive disorders in cattle and available vaccines].
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Straub OC
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- Abortion, Veterinary prevention & control, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Female, Infertility microbiology, Infertility prevention & control, Pregnancy, Virus Diseases microbiology, Virus Diseases prevention & control, Abortion, Veterinary microbiology, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Infertility veterinary, Viral Vaccines, Virus Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
After a review on the viral agents playing a role in diseases of cattle those related to the occurrence in the genital tract are described. They may be causing abortion or local reactions leading to a reduced fertility and/or be of importance for the embryo transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) and the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are the agents most widely distributed in Europe. Both are of economic importance, described in detail and vaccines available discussed.
- Published
- 1992
21. [Vaccination of sheep against Aujeszky's disease with a gI-deleted mutant].
- Author
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Bruchhof BR and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Pseudorabies transmission, Sheep, Swine, Swine Diseases transmission, Vaccines, Synthetic, Viral Envelope Proteins genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Suid immunology, Pseudorabies prevention & control, Sheep Diseases prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines
- Abstract
The use of gl deleted live vaccines against Aujeszky's disease (AD) facilitates to differentiate vaccinated from field-virus infected animals. In this study different modes of vaccination were tried to find out how sheep can be protected from a lethal infection with ADV. It could clearly be demonstrated that Aujeszky disease virus (ADV) is spread by horizontal transmission from infected pigs to sheep. The nasal discharges of infected pigs contained a maximum of 10(8.75)TCID50/g mucus at days 3 and 4 p.i. and those of the contact-pigs 10(8.5)TCID50/g mucus at days 6 and 7 after contact. Non-vaccinated contact sheep were infected horizontally by the pigs. The highest titres ranged from 10(6.25) to 10(7.5)TCID50/g mucus. These animals were sacrificed at day 5 p.i. exhibiting acute symptoms of AD. The nasal discharge of vaccinated sheep contained much lower amounts of ADV (maximum: 10(4.25)TCID50/g mucus). All surviving animals had developed antibodies. Following challenge with the ADV-strain NIA3, no febrile response or virus-shedding was observed in sheep vaccinated 2x s.c. or 2x i.m. with a gl deleted live vaccine, whereas sheep, vaccinated only 1x i.m. (4 out of 4 animals) or 1x i.m. (3 out of 4 animals) or 1x i.n. and 1x i.m. (1 out of 4 animals) had to be sacrificed after showing acute symptoms of AD. In conclusion it can be stated that a double parental vaccination with a gl deleted live vaccine protects sheep against a field-virus AD infection.
- Published
- 1992
22. Detection and localization of single-base sequence differences in foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes by the RNase mismatch cleavage method.
- Author
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Marquardt O, Adam KH, and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Capsid genetics, Cells, Cultured, Genome, Viral, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, RNA, Antisense, RNA, Viral genetics, Selection, Genetic, Transcription, Genetic, Aphthovirus genetics, RNA, Viral metabolism, Ribonuclease T1 metabolism
- Abstract
The RNase mismatch cleavage method was examined for its efficiency of indicating single-base sequence differences in the capsid protein-coding regions of different foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype O1 strains. The method was found suitable for indicating such differences. RNase A as well as RNase T1 contributed to substrate conversion. Examples for the cleavage of eleven different single-base mismatches in RNA double-strands are now known. All virus genomes found to differ from each other exhibited three or more non-neighboured single-base sequence differences. Other genomes found to be indistinguishable by this method were those of a recent field isolate adapted to cell culture, and those of a vaccine production strain; its progeny was transmitted to pig and cow and then analyzed. The results suggest that host change does not necessarily select for antigenic variant virus, and that virus submitted to some kind of selection pressure is changed at more than one position.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. BHV1 infections: relevance and spread in Europe.
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Europe epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis prevention & control, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis transmission, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine physiology, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis epidemiology, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines
- Abstract
Infections caused by BHV1 are very common in Europe, but the disease pattern is quite different: the diseases of the genital tract are most common, those of the respiratory tract vary in intensity and prevalence. Digestive disorders connected with BHV1 are in general only observed in calves and mainly in Belgium. Virus strains causing abortion or encephalitis are only present in a few countries. The same is true for BHV1 induced mastitis. Dermatitis and lesions in the interdigital space seem to be a rare event. BHV1 infections are frequently complicated by bacterial secondary infections, but there is evidence that BHV1 infections can occur simultaneously with bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) and/or parainfluenza-3 (PI 3) virus. The biggest problem associated with BHV1 infection is the ability of the agent to become latent following a primary infection. The genome of the virus probably remains during the life of the animal in the ganglia of the region where the primary infection occurred. No vaccination can overcome this latent stage. By prophylactic vaccination it is possible to prevent an outbreak of clinical disease but it is impossible to prevent infection followed by the establishment of latency. Eradication programmes in Austria, Denmark and Switzerland have removed most of the seropositive cattle from the bovine populations. Currently a sanitary programme is also being conducted in Germany.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. [Development of an inactivated vaccine for the protection of cattle against Aujeszky's disease].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Vaccines, Inactivated, Zinc, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Herpesvirus 1, Suid immunology, Pseudorabies prevention & control, Viral Vaccines
- Abstract
The effects of an inactivated strain of Aujeszky's disease vaccine in cattle were investigated. It has not been possible to use vaccines licensed for use in pigs successfully in cattle even though cattle develop neutralizing antibodies to these vaccines. The addition of zinc compounds to the vaccines resulted in protection in cattle. The basis for the use of zinc is discussed. A mutant based vaccine was effective following local administration, but was not when administered parenterally. Anti-prostaglandin was not effective either, despite its successful use in sheep when administered with BHV1. The vaccine presents a prospect for immunising dogs and cats, and the addition of zinc compounds to other drugs and inducers is discussed.
- Published
- 1990
25. Identification of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in vaccinated cattle by antibodies to non-structural virus proteins.
- Author
-
Berger HG, Straub OC, Ahl R, Tesar M, and Marquardt O
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Aphthovirus immunology, Carrier State diagnosis, Carrier State immunology, Carrier State microbiology, Cattle, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Viral Proteins immunology, Viral Vaccines immunology, Aphthovirus physiology, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Virus Replication
- Abstract
Antibodies raised in cattle against foot-and-mouth disease virus by vaccination or by experimental infection were distinguished. Vaccination elicited only antibodies to virus capsid proteins and the polymerase 3D. Virus replication in cattle elicited additional antibodies directed against the non-structural proteins 2B, 2C, 3AB1, and/or 3C irrespective of prior vaccination or whether the cattle exhibited symptoms of disease. Non-permissive mice inoculated with virus responded in the same way, indicating that antibodies raised due to the transient presence of antigen are safely recognized by the method applied which was radioimmunoprecipitation. All kinds of infections were thus detected and it was possible to differentiate between cattle exposed or not exposed to challenge in the field, and further between protected animals and possible virus carriers.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. [Foot-and-mouth disease. Infection trial in cattle after a single vaccination].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Aphthovirus immunology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines
- Abstract
Following an outbreak of FMD caused by an A5 strain in the spring of 1984, ten cattle were vaccinated with samples of the five commercial vaccines used for the vaccination campaign in that year, i.e. two animals per vaccine. Six weeks later the cattle were challenged by contact with animals inoculated with the virus strain isolated from the field outbreak. Seven of the ten cattle became severely ill, exhibiting the typical symptoms of FMD, one animal did not show any clinical symptoms, the remaining two weak ones that might have escaped recognition by the cattlemen. Virus could be recovered from the vaccinated animals from days 2 to 10 following contact with the non-vaccinated infected cattle. It was concluded that a single vaccination does not protect cattle against the isolate.
- Published
- 1990
27. [The detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV 1) using an intradermal test. II. Experimental studies].
- Author
-
Straub OC, Bengelsdorff HJ, and Wizigmann G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Neutralization Tests, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine isolation & purification, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis microbiology, Intradermal Tests veterinary, Skin Tests veterinary
- Abstract
A purified concentrated BHV1 antigen that had been tested in field trials was also tested under isolated conditions in BHV1 positive and negative cattle. The antigen proved to act specifically even after storage for 2 years at +4 degrees C or for 6 months at 37 degrees C. The best results were obtained when the test was read 48-72 hours after the injection, which is in agreement with the field trials. The increase in skin thickness decreased unless boosted by infection or vaccination gradually. The test is unsuitable to control a vaccination programme. There was no correlation between the increase in thickness and humoral antibody titers. Repeated application of the intradermal injection of the antigen did not result in seroconversion in seronegative cattle. The biological limits of the test evaluation are discussed.
- Published
- 1990
28. Some observations on the epidemiology of bovine leucosis virus infection in a large dairy herd.
- Author
-
Wilesmith JW, Straub OC, and Lorenz RJ
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases transmission, Female, Leukemia epidemiology, Leukemia transmission, Leukemia Virus, Bovine, Male, Seasons, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Leukemia veterinary
- Abstract
Bovine leucosis infection rates were calculated for two years in a naturally infected dairy herd in which serologically positive animals were not preferentially culled. Transmission of infection was found to occur mainly during the winter housing period. No variation in susceptibility to infection with age was found and young animals did not show a prolonged time from infection to sero-conversion.
- Published
- 1980
29. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. History and recent developments.
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Exanthema microbiology, Exanthema veterinary, History, 20th Century, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis history, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis microbiology, Injections, Intramuscular, Serotyping, Urogenital System microbiology, Vaccination, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage, Viral Vaccines standards, Virology history, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine classification, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine isolation & purification
- Abstract
The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus belongs to the group of herpes viruses. It causes in cattle a severe disease predominantly in the upper respiratory tract. Morbidity rate is 100 percent, mortality - depending on hygienic and other factors - ranges from 0-15 percent. The IBR virus is serologically indistinguishable from the infect pustulat vulvovaginitis (IPV) virus which causes disorders of the genital tract in both male and female cattle. Possibly the IPV virus is the older of the two. Already in the twenties it had been isolated and described in Europe whereas IBR virus was first isolated from feedlot cattle in the USA during 1955/1956. Most likely - experiments also gave a hint - the IPV virus increased its virulence for the respiratory tract by rapid and numerous passages as this was only possible in accumulations of tremendous heads of animals. Vaccines both live attenuated and killed ones have been developed. Killed ones are always administered parenterally; the live ones are either intramuscularly injected or locally sprayed (into the nasal cavity). Immunity is developed within 3 weeks, however, if vaccinated animals are challenged, virus is again shed for a number of days. Cattle thereby do not exhibit any symptoms of disease. This is true following any kind of vaccination (live or killed). After local administration of live vaccines, however, the production of interferon by the cells of the respiratory tract is remarkable whereas parenterally administration of vaccine does not lead to that.
- Published
- 1975
30. Persistence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis--infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus in the respiratory and genital tract of cattle.
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Cattle, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine isolation & purification, Immunization, Secondary, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Neutralization Tests, Prednisolone administration & dosage, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage, Genital Diseases, Female microbiology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine pathogenicity, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [Effect of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease on results of the immunodiffusion test for the demonstration of precipitating bovine leukosis virus antibodies].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Female, Immunodiffusion veterinary, Male, Vaccination veterinary, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Aphthovirus immunology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Leukemia Virus, Bovine immunology, Retroviridae immunology, Viral Vaccines immunology
- Published
- 1983
32. [Alternate application of inactivated and live vaccine for the prevention of infectious balanoposthitis (IBP) in breeding bulls].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Balanitis prevention & control, Cattle, Immunization Schedule, Male, Vaccines, Attenuated, Balanitis veterinary, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary
- Published
- 1977
33. [Results of hematological and serological research on natural and artificial transmission of bovine and leukosis].
- Author
-
Straub OC, Weiland F, and Frenzel B
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Cattle, Cattle Diseases blood, Female, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin blood, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin transmission, Precipitins analysis, Sarcoma, Experimental veterinary, Cattle Diseases transmission, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin veterinary
- Published
- 1974
34. Bovine hematology. I. Technical problems in the counting of leukocytes.
- Author
-
Straub OC, Lorenz RJ, Chevrier L, Donnelly WJ, Flensburg JC, Gentile G, Mammerickx M, Markson LM, and Ressang AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle blood, Leukocyte Count methods
- Published
- 1978
35. Suggestive evidence for an oncorna-virus-specific DNA polymerase from C-type particles of bovine leukosis.
- Author
-
Dietzschold B, Kaaden OR, Ueberschaer S, Weiland F, and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases isolation & purification, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin enzymology, Microscopy, Electron, Tritium, Cattle Diseases enzymology, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases metabolism, DNA, Viral metabolism, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin veterinary, Retroviridae enzymology
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Bovine hematology. IV. Comparative breed studies on the erythrocyte parameters of 16 European cattle breeds as determined in the Common Reference Laboratory.
- Author
-
Mammerickx M, Lorenz RJ, Straub OC, Donnelly WJ, Flensburg JC, Gentile G, Markson LM, Ressang AA, and Taylor SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Europe, Reference Values, Species Specificity, Cattle blood, Erythrocytes analysis
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Detection of bovine leukosis-associated antibodies by different tests.
- Author
-
Frenzel B, Kaaden OR, Mussgay M, Dietzschold B, Straub OC, and Weiland F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Complement Fixation Tests, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Immunodiffusion, Leukemia immunology, Antibodies, Neoplasm isolation & purification, Cattle Diseases immunology, Leukemia veterinary
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Detection of precipitating antibodies and identification of bovine leukemia virus antigens by micro counter-current immunoelectrophoresis.
- Author
-
Matthaeus W and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases immunology, Immunodiffusion, Leukemia immunology, Leukemia veterinary, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Antigens, Viral analysis, Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis, Leukemia Virus, Bovine immunology, Retroviridae immunology
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The bovine leukosis virus.
- Author
-
Mussgay M, Dietzschold B, Frenzel B, Kaaden OR, Straub OC, and Weiland F
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral, Cattle, Cattle Diseases diagnosis, Glycoproteins analysis, Leukemia diagnosis, Leukemia veterinary, Peptides analysis, Serologic Tests, Viral Proteins analysis, Virus Replication, Leukemia Virus, Bovine growth & development, Leukemia Virus, Bovine immunology, Leukemia Virus, Bovine ultrastructure, Retroviridae growth & development, Retroviridae immunology, Retroviridae ultrastructure
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Intranasal vaccination of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease].
- Author
-
Bauer K and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage, Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Cattle, Immunoglobulins biosynthesis, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage, Aphthovirus immunology, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage
- Published
- 1985
41. Problems concerning the taxonomy of the 'Movar-type' bovine herpesviruses.
- Author
-
Bartha A, Fadol AM, Liebermann H, Ludwig H, Mohanty SB, Osorio FA, Reed DE, Storz J, Straub OC, and Van der Maaten MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cytomegalovirus classification, Herpesviridae classification, Terminology as Topic
- Abstract
The inconsistency in naming and labeling bovine herpesviruses (BHVs), other than BHV types 1 and 2 (BHV-1 and BHV-2), found in the literature is reviewed. To resolve the confusion and misunderstanding caused by the use of BHV-3, BHV-4 and BHV-5 for the same kind of BHVs, the most used label BHV-4 is proposed for designating Movar-type BHVs (which also were named 'orphan viruses' or 'cytomegaloviruses').
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [The immune response of normal and leukotic cattle to IBR-IPV-virus (author's transl)].
- Author
-
Matthaeus W and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody Formation, Cattle, Immunoglobulin A analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Cattle Diseases immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Leukemia veterinary
- Published
- 1978
43. Bovine hematology. III. Comparative breed studies on the leukocyte parameters of several European cattle breeds as determined in the common reference laboratory.
- Author
-
Mammerickx M, Lorenz RJ, Straub OC, Donnelly WJ, Flensburg JC, Gentile G, Markson LM, Ressang AA, and Taylor SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Breeding, Cattle Diseases blood, Female, Hematologic Diseases blood, Hematologic Diseases veterinary, Male, Species Specificity, Cattle blood, Leukocytes analysis
- Published
- 1978
44. Preliminary results of a new sanitation program for the eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis.
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Cattle, Cattle Diseases diagnosis, Immunodiffusion, Leukemia diagnosis, Leukemia prevention & control, Leukemia Virus, Bovine immunology, Quarantine, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Leukemia veterinary
- Abstract
The program under discussion is based on results obtained during transmission studies in which specific antibodies were detected in the immunodiffusion test earlier than antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that seroconversion does not seem to occur later than 3 months after transmission of the infectious agent. The results obtained in 11 herds are presented. The program is as follows: when the result of the immunodiffusion test becomes available all positive animals above 6 months of age are immediately removed from the herd. The remaining animals are checked at intervals of 3 months and sero-positives are always instantly removed. In pursuing the program a number of herds have obviously reachend 2 years old.
- Published
- 1978
45. The immunoglobulin composition of colostrum and the persistence of acquired immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the calf.
- Author
-
Straub OC and Matthaeus W
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cattle, Female, Immunoglobulin A analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Pregnancy, Antibodies analysis, Colostrum immunology, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired, Immunoglobulins analysis
- Abstract
The absolute amounts of immunoglobulins contained in twenty-five samples of colostrum were determined. It was found that the quality of the colostrum is approximately the same for the first nine hours following parturition. The secretion of a cow following an abortion, however, does not have the quality of colostrum and should therefore not be saved to feed newborn calves. Detailed studies concerning the transfer of colostral antibodies to the newborn showed that ideally two liters of colostrum should be given within the first twelve hours. If the calf is derived from a heifer, a young cow or from a newly introduced animal it should receive 50% of its colostrum from an older cow of the herd. The colostrum can be kept in a frozen state for 15 years without losing too much of its original quality. The amounts of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies (against infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Parainfluenza-3) transferred were remarkably high and most likely due to those infections the dams had suffered from. It is proposed that programs should be introduced whereby dams are regularly vaccinated during the late gestation period. The vaccines used and their composition have to depend on the diseases prevalent in the individual countries and regions.
- Published
- 1978
46. Comparison of interferon production in cattle after intranasal infection with parainfluenza-3 live vaccine and avirulent IBR/IPV-herpesvirus.
- Author
-
Ahl R and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine pathogenicity, Mucus metabolism, Nasal Mucosa metabolism, Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human immunology, Paramyxoviridae Infections metabolism, Vaccines, Attenuated pharmacology, Viral Vaccines pharmacology, Virulence, Cattle Diseases metabolism, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis metabolism, Interferon Type I biosynthesis, Paramyxoviridae Infections veterinary
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. [Etiology of abortion in cattle].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Abortion, Veterinary prevention & control, Animals, Bacterial Infections complications, Bacterial Infections veterinary, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Female, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious veterinary, Vaccination adverse effects, Vaccination veterinary, Virus Diseases complications, Virus Diseases veterinary, Abortion, Veterinary etiology, Cattle Diseases etiology
- Published
- 1982
48. [Suitability of the immunodiffusion test for determining humoral antibodies to bovine herpesvirus (BHV 1)].
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Immunodiffusion, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis immunology
- Published
- 1986
49. Vaccination programs for cattle.
- Author
-
Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Immunity, Active, Immunization Schedule veterinary, Immunization, Secondary veterinary, Cattle Diseases immunology, Vaccination veterinary
- Published
- 1975
50. Safety evaluation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in pigs.
- Author
-
Döller G, Gröner A, and Straub OC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Feces microbiology, Insect Viruses immunology, Insect Viruses pathogenicity, Safety, Insect Viruses physiology, Pest Control, Biological, Swine microbiology, Virus Replication
- Abstract
To evaluate the hygienic risk involved in using baculoviruses for insect pest control, safety studies are required. Pigs were chosen as representative test animals of commercial and agricultural importance. The tests were aimed at detecting virus propagation, immune reactions, and signs of acute infection (changes in body temperature and hematology profile, swelling of lymph nodes). Four of five animals inoculated with nuclear polyhedrosis virus showed a slight temperature rise at day 2 postinfection. After day 4 postinfection, no differences between infected animals and controls were observed. In the bioassay, virus activity could be recovered from fecal samples; however, no activity was found in organ extracts. The data did not indicate hygienic risks involved in the application of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, especially that from Mamestra brassicae, in biological pest control.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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