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Pre-registration of master thesis AD(H)D is well-known for deficits in cognitive control but also states emotion dysregulation. Since emotional and non-emotional executive functions lie on a continuum (Petrovic & Castellanos, 2016) that require the activation of different neural areas (Egner et al., 2008), the extend of this overlap in AD(H)D is investigated. The congruency sequence effect (CSE), a phenomenon that the congruency effect (CE) is smaller following an incongruent trial compared to a congruent trial, can be “interpreted as conflict-driven adjustments in cognitive control” (Egner, 2007, p. 380). The Emotional-Face Stroop Task (EST) is a prominent paradigm to investigate the emotional control adaptation processes (Buhle et al., 2010; Etkin et al., 2006). Each trial consisted of a photo on a black background, depicting either a happy or a fearful male or female face. Those target faces were paired with the superimposed distractor words ‘‘FROH’’ (happy) or ‘‘ANGST’’ (fear) to create emotionally congruent and incongruent stimuli. Subjects were required to categorize the facial expressions as happy or fearful while trying to ignore the task-irrelevant word stimuli. The task has been used to study implicit controlled emotion regulation, one of four types of emotion regulation within the multi-level framework of Braunstein et al. (2017). It conceptualizes emotion regulation on two dimensions: (I) the nature of the emotion regulation goal (implicit vs. explicit) and (II) the nature of the emotion change process (automatic vs. controlled). The EST, a selective attention task, does not involve an explicit emotional regulatory goal. However, it needs controlled processes to perform another explicit task. The present experiment investigates whether the robust CSE is smaller in AD(H)D patients compared to controls in order to answer if the implicit emotion regulation abilities in AD(H)D patients are influenced, more precisely, are negatively affected. Exploratorily, we will test modulation of the CSE by depression and anxiety score as well as medication for symptom regulation if necessary.

Background: After allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), patients often report functional impairments like reduced gait speed and muscle weakness. These impairments can increase the risk of adverse health events similar to elderly populations. However, they have not been quantified in patients after alloHCT (PATs). Methods: We compared fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International) and temporal gait parameters recorded on a 10-m walkway at preferred and maximum gait speed and under dual-task walking of 16 PATs (aged 31-73 years) with 15 age-matched control participants (CONs) and 17 seniors (SENs, aged >73 years). Results: Groups' gait parameters especially differed during the maximum speed condition: PATs walked slower and required more steps/10 m than CONs. PATs exhibited greater stride, stance, and swing times than CONs. PATs' swing time was even longer than SENs'. The PATs' ability to accelerate their gait speed from preferred to fast was smaller compared with CONs'. PATs reported a greater fear of falling than CONs and SENs. Conclusion: Gait analysis of alloHCT patients has revealed impairments of functional performance. Patients presented a diminished ability to accelerate gait and extending steps possibly related to a notable strength deficit that impairs power-generation abilities from lower extremities. Furthermore, patients reported a greater fear of falling than control participants and even seniors. Slowing locomotion could be a risk-preventive safety strategy. Since functional disadvantages may put alloHCT patients at a higher risk of frailty, reinforcing appropriate physical exercises already during and after alloHCT could prevent adverse health events and reduce the risk of premature functional aging.