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The purpose of the work is research of the completeness of tasks and achievement of the goals of defense reform of Ukraine 2016-2020 on medical support of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces and directions of further reform and development of the military health care system and medical support of defense forces defined by the new Strategic Defense Bulletin (SDB) of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Legislation, regulations, doctrinal documents, monographs and information and reference materials on the reform and development of military health and medical care of the Defense Forces were used. Research methods: bibliographic, analytical, systems approach, generalization. The object of research is the system of military health care and medical support of the troops of the defense forces. The subject of research - the organization of the implementation of the provisions of the SDB of Ukraine. Results. The completeness of the fulfillment of tasks and the achievement of the goals of medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces, determined by the SDB of Ukraine, introduced by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated June 6, 2016 № 240, was analyzed and evaluated. It is noted that in 2016 the creation of a new system of medical support for troops, capable of providing appropriate medical support to all tasks facing the defense forces, which operates in accordance with NATO standards, at the same time stated the incompleteness of the work and analyzed the main reasons for this. The strategic goal of the development of the medical support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces, the main tasks and priority measures to achieve it by 2030, determined by the new SDB of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 17, 2021 № 473, are given, and ways are proposed for successful implementation tasks and goals achievement. Conclusions. Incomplete creation of the system of military health care and medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces necessitates the development of a separate state target program for the development of the system of military health care and medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces. An important tool for achieving the strategic goals of the development of defense forces in the field of military medicine is the use and implementation of modern advances in medical science, technology and the latest technologies.

The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades. It is being widely employed in diverse domains, such as holography, space sciences, spectroscopy, medical sciences, micro and power electronics, industrial engineering, and most distinctively, as directed energy military weapons. Owing to their active transmissions, laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent; however, unlike conventional radars, the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments, both in offensive and defensive roles. In modern avionics systems, laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons (LGW) accurately to the ground targets. Additionally, compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications. Moreover, the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept, making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations. Furthermore, the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given synergistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations. This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space. Additionally, a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders. It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance, its earlier state of the art, and ongoing scientific research and advancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield. Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy, the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.

The paper reviews the state and retrospective analysis of special software used to support defense planning processes in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, namely: the Defense Resources Management Model (DRMM) and the subsystem of the Unified Management System for Administrative and Economic Processes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the SAP ERP software platform.The paper reviews the state and retrospective analysis of special software used to support defense planning processes in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, namely: the Defense Resources Management Model (DRMM) and the subsystem of the Unified Management System for Administrative and Economic Processes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the SAP ERP software platform. In accordance with the provisions of the Strategic Defense Bulletin, the Armed Forces of Ukraine are moving to capability-based defense planning. This type of planning is a standard type for NATO countries. The NATO planning structure outlined in the paper is a prototype for the future planning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. There is a need for defense planning software tools that meet the requirements of interoperability with NATO defense planning systems. To this end, a general analysis of the special software of NATO's military planning systems was conducted during the study.The authors of the article have identified the main trends in the construction of modern foreign military planning systems. Classification of planning systems according to their purpose, which is common for NATO countries, was carried out. These technologies not only include the Dynamic Analysis and Rescheduling Tool (DART) and the Joint Defense Planning Analytical Request Toolkit (J-DARTS) but also in terms of its functional purpose and content, best meets the tasks of defense planning at the national level. Therefore, a comprehensive software tool for planning and analyzing defense planning in NATO has been explored in more detail. Given the broad functionality of J-DARTS, this tool is proposed to be considered to test the needs of defense planning in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experiences in the defense planning, including organizing and executing defense reviews, we have expressed views concerning particularities of a capability based — threat informed defense planning and its implementation in the Ministry of Defense, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of defense forces, as well as taking into account the outcomes of the Defense Review — 2019–2020. The article presents a retrospective of defense reviews in the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of Ukraine covering the period of 2002 — 2014. Their procedures were based on, so-called, program-target method of defense planning. In support of this method, the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Defense Planning” was developed in 2004 to determine the basics of defense planning. For the first time in the General Staff and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine the structural units, responsible for the implementation of strategic (defense) planning were established — Military Policy and Strategic Planning Department in the Ministry of Defense, and Main Defense and Mobilization Planning Directorate in the General Staff of Ukraine, respectively. Subsequently, the authors disclosed the processes and analyzed the results of the recent Defense Review — 2019–2020, which was based on the method of capability-based planning — one of the methods, oriented on the development of capabilities of armed forces to effectively counter threats and risks of military, and non-military nature, taking into account the probable scenarios of crisis situations and projection of available resources in the long run (usually 10–15 years). The purpose of the Defense Review conducted in 2019–2020 was to assess the status and readiness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of defense forces to perform state defense tasks, their personnel, financial, logistical and other types of support, as well as available capabilities to respond effectively to military challenges and threats. Based on the results of this defense review, a prospective model of national defense, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of defense forces was designed, taking into account real and potential threats of military nature and financial and economic capacities of the state. Key words: capability, defense forces, strategic planning, capability-based defense planning, defense review, harmonization of defense and budget planning, Military Security Strategy of Ukraine, Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine.

Стаття підготовлена на актуальну тему, що пов’язана з підвищенням ефективності функціонування системи логістичного забезпечення. З метою досягнення стратегічних цілей і виконання основних завдань, визначених Стратегічним оборонним бюлетенем України та Державною програмою розвитку Збройних Сил України продовжується планова поетапна робота щодо впровадження реформ, спрямованих на розвиток єдиної ефективної системи логістики за стандартами НАТО, спроможної надати ефективну підтримку усім складовим сил оборони, які встановленим порядком і на умовах, що визначені законодавством України, залучаються до виконання завдання з оборони держави у складі сил оборони. Метою статті є вибір та обґрунтування показників оцінки ефективності функціонування системи логістичного забезпечення. Для проведення подальшого дослідження щодо оцінки ефективності функціонування системи логістичного забезпечення в умовах ведення бойових дій необхідно вибрати і обґрунтувати відповідні показники, що характеризують ті принципи, які найбільш впливають на наш погляд на ефективність функціонування системи логістичного забезпечення в умовах ведення бойових дій. Так стійкість логістичного забезпечення припускає здатність системи і органів управління виконувати свої функції в будь-якій обстановці. Тому, під час визначення результуючого показника живучості системи доцільно будувати цей показник з двох частин: перша частина має бути показником ступеня збереження функцій підсистеми військової логістики під час дій супротивника, наприклад, ймовірністю збереження функцій цієї підсистеми, тобто ймовірністю збереження готовності, тобто коефіцієнта готовності підсистеми під час дії супротивника; друга частина показника живучості має (у разі незбереження функцій підсистеми військової логістики під час дій супротивника) бути показником ступеня відновлення функцій підсистеми військової логістики, наприклад, у вигляді показника перевищення ймовірності перебування підсистеми у стані повної готовності до ймовірності перебування цієї підсистеми у неготовому стані. Таким чином, перша складова показника живучості – має сенс показника стійкості під час дії противника, а друга – показника ефективності відновлення, у разі пошкодження противником будь-яких складових з функцій логістичної підсистеми. Цей узагальнений показник є основою для побудови в подальшому критерію з метою оцінювання рівня досягнення мети збереження живучості підсистеми забезпечення військ протягом операції.

The paper aims to analyze how diasporas across the globe can become potential elements in enhancing their home country's national interest. Through social aspects such as citizenship laws, engaging diasporas can be one way to broaden a state’s resources in its defense system. Comparative analysis and assessment are used to elaborate on how various countries – which possess a large number of diasporic communities along with comprehensive law systems that regulate its citizenship issues – are reflected upon and proposed for a modified model within Indonesia's scope. The paper concludes that modification of the Indonesian citizenship law in accordance with the government's strategic Defense Diplomacy is an effective way of enhancing sustainable ties with other countries. This research can be used within the government to consider diasporas as elements of national power. Other areas of study, such as defense studies and security studies, may also benefit. This research offers a unique way in altering Confidence Building Measure (CBM) mechanisms in the scope of Defense Diplomacy Studies that will enhance good relations and comprehensively establish synergies between public diplomacy and defense diplomacy en bloc.

A key change in priorities during the transition from a pre-existing defense planning system to the implementation of capability-based planning with a better Euro-Atlantic standard should be the basis for the reform of the Defense Forces (DF). This raises the issue of enhancing the effectiveness of Capability-Based Defense Planning (CBDP), in particular through the introduction of Assessing and Developing Capability System (ADCS) and, consequently, the intensification of research in a particular area. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the proposal to implement the ADCS components of DF in the context of the implementation of the operational objective 2.3 of the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine considering the experience of NATO member states. ADCS is a comprehensive capability assessment system, ranking them in Functional Capability Groups (FCG), prioritizing capabilities in the DF component, developing financing proposals for their development, monitoring, implementing, and evaluating the implementation of capability development activities. The tasks of the ADCS, as part of the implementation of defense planning procedures: - ensuring capacity assessment; - approval of the results; - prioritizing capacity development within the FCG and across the FCG component of DF; - support the implementation of the decisions taken to develop the identified capabilities. Considering the tasks and the defined provisions, the process of functioning of the ADCS component of the DF should include the following basic procedures: - preparation and implementation of DF; - verification of DF summary documents; - reviewing and approving the final DF documents, determining priority proposals; - approval and financing of decisions; - supporting the implementation of the decisions taken on capacity development and evaluation of the implementation of measures.

In modern conditions, increasing the combat capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces to actively counter the aggressor is becoming increasingly important.An important procedure in the strategic and defense planning process of developing the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces is to analyze and take into account the influence of external and internal factors.The purpose of the article is to study existing approaches to the analysis of factors affecting the development of the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces to determine effective ways of actively counteracting the aggressor.Under the factors understand the conditions, driving forces, the causes of any process, determining its nature or one of the main features.It is recommended to classify factors as follows:economical – reflect the trends of economic development ofUkraine;social and cultural – characterize the state and trends of personnel education, the specifics of customs and traditions and other values in terms of their influence on the activities of troops (forces);legal – reflect the system of relations regulated by law, in particular, indicate on what conditions it is advisable to carry out a particular military activity;technological – analyze the content and methods of activity of troops (forces), it is possible to use the Internet, other means of communication to achieve certain goals.The analysis of factors affecting the development of the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces is an important procedure for planning forces and resources, the formation of appropriate measures to provide opportunities for the defense ofUkraine, protecting its sovereignty, territorial integrity and integrity. They affect the development of aircraft and other components of the defense forces. It is necessary to identify their patterns, which should be taken into account during the planning of the relevant measures for the development of the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces in order to provide opportunities for the active defense of the state from the aggressor.The development of draft versions of the new Military Security Strategy of Ukraine and the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine should be carried out on the basis of an analysis of existing and potential factors affecting the effectiveness of the development planning of the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces, bringing this process closer to the principles and standards that are adopted in the armies of NATO member states .

One of the tasks of the scientific and methodological support of the defense review is the development and use of methods and techniques for assessing the level of achievement of the strategic development goals of the Armed Forces based on the results of the defense reform. The analysis of these results ensures the adoption decision and the development of appropriate recommendations. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodology for assessing the level of achievement of the strategic development purposes of the Armed Forces based on the results of the defense reform. Using the decomposition method, the goal of the defense reform is divided, which is determined by the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine according to hierarchy levels. In this case, a graphic image of the interconnections and subordination of strategic goals, operational goals, and objectives for their visualization (systematization) is used. Private indicators, levels of achievement of operational and strategic goals, a generalized indicator were selected to evaluate the results of the defense reform inUkraine. Private indicators characterize the degree of accomplishment of the tasks, and general indicator - characterize the level of achievement of the goal of defense reform. Improved methodology can be used by members of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Defense Review. Authorized persons provide the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with operational and objective information on the implementation of the tasks of the defense reform and the level of achievement of operational and strategic goals. A proposed improved methodology using methods for measuring the performance criterion makes it possible to objectively evaluate the results of the Defense Reform and their risks with the required details of tasks at stages of its implementation for making correct decisions and developing appropriate recommendations.

Commercial Pure (CP) grade-2 titanium is a choice material for the construction of Silver Oxide Zinc reserve-battery components like battery containers, cell casings, electrolyte bladder housings, etc. The above-said components are either not directly exposed to electrolyte or have limited duration exposure, e.g., the cell-case is filled with electrolyte just before operational use, by transferring the stored electrolyte from the electrolyte tanks, using pressurized gas. There is a need to widen the application CP grade-2 titanium material for the construction of electrolyte tank-reservoir in reserve batteries, where long storage requirement exists. Therefore, a study was undertaken on the corrosion behavior of CP grade-2 titanium material, with the known concentration of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), as used in reserve battery applications. The samples for the conduct of the experiment were carefully prepared by TIG welding procedure. Material characterization studies were undertaken by macro and microstructural analysis using optical microscope (OM), phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Further, different corrosion studies like immersion test, salt spray test, potentiodynamic polarization studies, and surface morphology studies were undertaken. The results of all the above studies revealed that CP grade-2 titanium material with weld joints if prepared with the standardized procedure, can be effectively used in the construction of electrolyte tanks for Silver Oxide Zinc based Reserve Batteries for meeting strategic defense applications.

The military is able to perform the task of defending the state if it is staffed with experienced and trained personnel. Military education and training are and will continue to be one of the priority tasks of the defence reform that is identified by the Strategic Defence Bulletin of Ukraine.The development of a military education system is a process of complex changes in order to acquire new qualities and characteristics and to achieve a new goal and capabilities of the system. Development objectives are of top priority and comprehensive, covering a wide range of activities, and the change management process must be managed and predictable. To ensure this, it should be implemented using the methodology of program and project management.In the article, the purpose of the change management project of the Ukrainian military education system is formulated. Based on the principals of program and project management, its basic components, main tasks and stages of implementation are defined.A feature of this project is that the formation of its basic components and tasks is carried out according to the DOTMLPFI methodology (Doctrines, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities, Interoperability).The main stages of project implementation are the initiation, planning, execution, completion of the project and the transmission of its results.At the stage of implementation, in order to bring the regulatory framework into line with the new purpose and content of the national education and training, the draft Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine (on Military Education and Science)" was developed. It also envisages the development of draft resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine regarding the approval of a new edition of the Concept of Military Education. An important step is the development of the qualification framework for the field of knowledge "25. Military Sciences, National Security, State Border Security".The final outcome of the project is the acquisition of new capabilities for the military education system to operate on a continuous basis for the high-quality training of officers (NCOs) for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the further integration of education subsystems of all components of the security and defence sector of Ukraine.

A securitização ambiental tem despertado discussões em âmbito global e, em razão desse aspecto macro, nem sempre questões regionais são devidamente consideradas. Nesse sentido, questiona-se: um complexo regional de segurança sul-americano pode ser eficiente e eficaz em reunir agendas aptas à proteção da sociobiodiversidade? Pretende-se investigar a existência de mecanismos e estratégias de Defesa regionais capazes de compreender os processos de securitização e, sobretudo os interesses que envolvem as discussões ambientais no cenário internacional. A criação da dimensão regional de defesa em matéria ambiental é essencial para a formação de um pensamento autônomo e estratégico de Defesa dada a relevância geoestratégica, geopolítica e geoeconômica da Amazônia. Partindo de uma matriz epistemológica pragmático-sistêmica, dada a relação sistêmico-complexa que envolve o tema, adota-se para melhor compreensão, uma abordagem de pesquisa interdisciplinar, bibliográfica e documental. Demonstrou-se ao final que a formação de um Complexo Regional de Segurança na América do Sul apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de reunir agendas semelhantes em um concerto de vontades capazes de produzir normas e acordos que atendam às necessidades endógenas da região em matéria ambiental, valendo-se de fóruns de diálogo como a Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica/OTCA e de mecanismos como o Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano.

The aim of the article was to identify the subject areas related to the management of the proposals of some elements and to propose the concept of managing Poland's national security for the purposes of developing the act on national security management announced in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland-2020. The main research problem was the question: What key elements and solutions should be included in the concept of national security management for the purpose of developing a draft act on national security management? The following hypothesis was adopted: The national security system should form a coherent, in terms of organization and functionality, system of interrelated management and executive bodies. Unfortunately, the existing national security system of the Republic of Poland does not fully meet the above requirements, which has already been signaled many times, for example during successive strategic national security reviews and strategic defense reviews. Moreover, the concept of national security management should, in particular, specify the answers to the following questions: 1) What is contemporary national security? 2) What is national security management? 3) What are the key challenges facing national security management? 4) What is the role of policy and strategy in national security management? 5) What should be the architecture of the national security management system during the war. The verification of the above hypothesis and answering the above questions required a critical analysis of legal acts, strategic documents and selected items of literature on the subject. The results of the author's many years of research in this area were also taken into account.

War in space: Strategy, Spacepower, Geopolitics is a thorough analysis of space power, a strategic defence realm gaining steadily in military importance. While this book is an essential addition to...

It has been almost a third of a century since the world was caught up in a complex computing and software political clash. The clash was over something originally called the Strategic Defense Intiative (SDI), later somewhat-facetiously called "Star Wars," the notion of an anti-missile system that would shoot down an incoming enemy missile. The time was around the mid- 1980s. The two most vehement sides on the issue were - academic and theoretic computer science types, who thought it couldn't be done. - practitioner engineers and software people, who thought it could.

Introduction. Ethical Codes, Codes of Honor of Servicemen in the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine are important issues of forming mentality, upbringing, uniting of the officer corps, development of high moral and psychological preparedness for servicemen to fulfill tasks related to the defense of Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the axiological content of modern military ethical codes of conduct in the context of forming the mentality of the servicemen of the security and defense sector of Ukraine on the basis of democratic principles and moral and ethical standards adopted in NATO member states with a focus on the conceptualization of the principle of gender equality.Methods. The article analyzes the fundamental principles and ethical categories of the Code of Honor of an officer of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the NATO Code of Conduct for Military and Civilian Personnel "The NATO Code of Conduct" and the principles enshrined in the draft unified Charter of the security and defense personnel of Ukraine with a focus on the conceptualization of gender equality and countering gender discrimination.Results. The author identifies the axiological aspects of modern military ethical codes of conduct in the context of the formation of the mentality of the military personnel of the security and defense sector of Ukraine within the framework of democratic principles and moral and ethical standards adopted in NATO member countries. Any unlawful behavior that generates a sense of unfair treatment of servicemen and law enforcement officers is fundamentally incompatible with the Armed Forces of Ukraine and law enforcement and should not be tolerated. Discrimination and harassment may also violate the rules of criminal law: any form of discrimination or harassment undermines trust and confidence, especially in the leadership of the unit.Originality Gender-based violence, among other things, includes sexual harassment - acts of a sexual nature, expressed verbally (threats, intimidation, obscene remarks) or physically (touching, squealing), humiliating or offending persons who are in subordination. The commander (chief) is obliged to warn and timely disclose any manifestations of discrimination and violence, including gender-based, that is, the consequence of gender inequality in his entrenched unit.Conclusion. The Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine provides that the professionalization of the defense forces and the creation of the necessary military reserve in Ukraine should be based on the principles and principles governing the member states of NATO. At the same time, the development of social and humanitarian support for defense forces personnel, primarily servicemen, is associated with changes in the mentality (way of thinking) of the personnel, which, in turn, should be based on European values. Military and law enforcement officers are prohibited from taking any action that may result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering.

The problem of an unambiguous interpretation of key terms remains relevant, since a free interpretation of key terms in the course of scientific research and in the development of legal acts can lead to negative consequences. In addition, the problem of the unambiguous interpretation and use of key terms is due to the need to clarify, improve and amend military terminology in accordance with NATO norms and standards. The purpose of the article is to analyze key terms for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, with the aim of streamlining, clarifying their definitions and introducing them into the developed regulatory legal acts of Ukraine. Pyramid of key terms for the construction and development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: - is a generalization of the results obtained during the analysis of various sources; - is a simplified hierarchy of terms; - gives an idea of the sequence of developing a future strategy for the transformation and development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces for the short, medium and long term. Based on the analysis of key terms for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, with the aim of streamlining, clarifying their definitions and introducing them into the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Inthe development of new regulatory acts of Ukraine and in the course of scientific research on the construction and development of the Armed Forces, it is necessary to pay attention to the terminology used, as well as to refine, improve and introduce changes in accordance with NATO norms and standards. 2. The use of terms adopted in NATO member states: "Mission", "Vision", "Values", "Priorities" and others, is inevitable for Ukraine, the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces since they are formal statements and the first step in the process of developing strategies of any NATO organization. 3. The above proposals on the definition of "Mission", "Vision", "Values" and "Priorities" for the Armed Forces and other components of the defense forces can be used in the development of the Military Security Strategy of Ukraine and the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine. The prospect of further research, taking into account these and other results, is the development of methodological aspects of determining strategic goals and priority areas for developing the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the long term.

Formulation of the problem. The creation of a modern personnel management system in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is provided for by the provisions of the following guidelines: the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine, the Action Plan for the Implementation of Defense Reform in 2016-2020 (Roadmap for Defense Reform).The compilation of the list of vacant posts and the compilation of rating lists is carried out by specialists of personnel centers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, who are entrusted with the task of managing the career of military personnel, accompanying and recruiting certain vacant posts with military personnel.When the commission works, the problem of the human factor arises, that is, there is the influence of the subjective opinion of the members of the Commission on the rating of candidates for the vacant position.The purpose of the article is to highlight the approach to the formation of a pool of candidates for appointment to a particular vacant position using taxonomy, factor and cluster analysis, will reduce the influence of the subjective factor on the formation of a rating list.The procedure for determining the rating of military personnel consists of several successive stages, providing a comprehensive rating study. Comprehensive rating research includes procedures:- selection of military personnel for a certain position;- drawing up relevant lists;- updating the rating of candidates for promotion at the meeting of the commission.To implement this procedure, a mathematical apparatus is used, thanks to which the method of determining the rating of military personnel claims to minimize the impact of protectionism.The prospect of using this approach is the formation of a central data processing server in the Personnel Center of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is also used in the types of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, operational commands, research institutions and higher military educational institutions. If necessary, the search for applicants for the position, whose passport is laid in the central server, is carried out by the personnel center manager.

The Program for the Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2020 and the goals set out in the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine define the tasks of creating combat control systems (C4ISR) and defense planning (DRMIS). It is important to focus on the role of a geographic information system (GIS), as a common core in the process of interaction of these systems. These issues are mostly solved in the leading NATO countries, in particular, in their framework architectures. The information infrastructure has all the hallmarks of the Unified Information Environment of special-purpose systems, so the choice of platform is quite a challenge. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare special software GIS-platforms for the highest level of information infrastructure of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. It is considered that GIS has the following properties: saving, organizing, editing and analyzing geographic data; includes visual abilities to reflect geographic information; has some GIS tools, or uses a GIS platform in its decision; distribution or processing of cartographic attribute data and data from other sources. To compare these properties, the general needs for GIS technology from the Ukrainian Defense Forces are defined. They are due to the creation of a joint GIS-core decision support system for the C4ISR type system (Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) and the DRMIS type defense management planning system. As a result of a comparative analysis of software platforms ArcGIS and QGIS with special software deployed on their basis, it was found that these platforms meet all the requirements for GIS with support for all key functions. However, using most advantages, it has been found that ArcGIS is the best choice. Even considering the option of paying for licenses, this will reduce the risks of providing further support.

How can we explain the stronger defence relationship between Australia and Japan relative to that of seemingly more important strategic defence partners, Japan and South Korea? Australia, Japan and South Korea have similar political and economic systems and share an important military ally—the USA. One important difference among them is shared threat perception. While Japan and South Korea perceive more direct threats from North Korea and China, Australia’s perception of China is more nuanced and less direct. Therefore, it seems natural to assume that Japan and South Korea would boast a closer security relationship. However, the recent track record for security cooperation between these three countries proves that this is not the case. This paper shows that the conflict and convergence of identity factors have played a significant role in shaping defence relations between these three major democratic countries in the Asia Pacific: Australia, Japan and South Korea.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine an issue of critical importance to America’s national security. The Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) is a public/private partnership between US air carriers and the Department of Defense (DOD) for the provision of contingency airlift services to the military in times of national need. Formed in 1951, the CRAF has only been activated twice, but it has continued to be a source of emergency air transportation should the nation require resources beyond those available from the US Air Force. Sweeping changes occurring in global trade, commercial aviation, national defense policy and foreign relations suggest that changes will be needed to maintain the CRAF as a strategic defense transportation resource. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the long-standing national policy of relying on commercial interests to provide contingency transportation to the DOD in wartime. The CRAF will be singled out for closer examination in light of environmental changes occurring in the airline industry, international trade and global threats to the nation. The purpose of this analysis is to then assess the partnership’s ability to remain relevant in an uncertain future. Findings First, commercial cargo aircraft are downsizing thereby becoming less useful to the DOD. Second, there is no new wide-body military airlifter on the horizon. Third, threats from hostile nations are becoming more indirect and subtle, requiring planners to think “outside the box” when assessing the need for strategic airlift over the next 20-50 years. Originality/value The CRAF has not fundamentally changed since its inception in 1951. The time has come to reexamine the partnership to ensure that it remains America’s emergency lifeline.

The article considers the place of the Strategic Defence Bulletin of Ukraine in the system of other national defence planning documents, the tasks contained therein on reforming and improving the military-technical policy of Ukraine, further development of the Armed Forces and other defence forces of Ukraine, enhancing cooperation in the military-technical area with the member states of NATO and the European Union. The current state of implementation of the tasks, the challenges for the future, as well as the negative factors that impede the implementation of the decisions made are also in the scope of the article.

The military-political situation around Ukraine (the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the operation of joint forces in the east of Ukraine, the buildup of military factions near our borders, the capture of Ukrainian military sailors and ships in the Kerch Strait) defense planning in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The main indicator for solving this problem should be the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine. This work requires a thorough scientific research and maintenance, since the defense review procedure by the Ministry of Defense, which was approved by the Government, has not been tested in practice, as well as the opportunity inspection procedure.The purpose of the article is to substantiate recommendations for solving the problems of organizing and conducting an inspection of capabilities in the Ministry of Defense ofUkraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine.In order to exclude subjectivity during the inspection of abilities and scientific substantiation of its results, it is advisable to use methods and tools of strategic analysis, namely:- method of expert estimates of Delphi (Delphitechnique);- complex analysis methodology (PESTanalysis: political, economic, socio-cultural and technological);- a methodology for analyzing strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis);- Method of gap analysis (Gap Analysis);- risk profiling technique (Risk Profiling).In connection with the start of a new defense planning cycle, it is considered expedient:take into account the requirements of the Law ofUkraine“On the National Security of Ukraine” of 21.06.2018 No. 2469-VIII;initiate an inspection of opportunities in the near future;during the inspection of opportunities to assess the capabilities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine in accordance with the Recommendations for organizing the assessment of capabilities in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the “Recommendations for conducting a review of the capabilities of the defense forces” if approved.

Às margens do lago Paranoá, repousam as ruínas das fundações da edificação queacolheria a transferência da Escola Superior de Guerra (ESG) do Rio de Janeiropara Brasília. De autoria do arquiteto Sergio Bernardes, o projeto arquitetônico,adotado nos anos 1970, visava atender ao propósito de reintegrar a renomadainstituição brasileira de estudos estratégicos de políticas de defesa ao centrodo poder político nacional. Com essa intenção, a nova sede almejava inserir aESG no ambiente acadêmico do Distrito Federal ao situá-la nas proximidadesda Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Patrimônio abandonado às intempéries, ocimento moldado pela concepção de Bernardes sobreviveu por décadas paraprovocar perguntas e se deparar com a presente retomada da ambição da criaçãode uma sede da ESG em Brasília. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisasobre a memória e o passado de experiência dos acontecimentos que levarama condenação do projeto de Bernardes. O problema que norteou o estudo é atentativa de compreensão das razões que conduziram ao cancelamento dasobras, inserindo, nessa discussão, reflexões sobre o lugar que as ruínas ocupamna história e na memória nacional.

This article examines the impact of the National Security Capability Review (NSCR) and Modernising Defence Programme (MDP) on the UK’s existing strategic defence and security process. Andrew Curtis...

The monograph examines the radical change that occurred in British science and technology policy in the course of Lady Margaret Thatchers’ tenure in the Downing-street. Drawing on previously unpublished documents and materials covering wide range of areas of scientific research – from HIV-infection to nuclear energy and strategic defense – the author expands in great detail the contradictory process of forming the scientific agenda of the radical wing of the Conservative Party while tracing the influence of neoconservative value paradigm on the image and realities of British science all the way to the present.

In recent years, ensuring the national security of the UK has become an urgent and challenging task. This article aims to analyze the main goals in the sphere of national security, which were outlined in British strategic documents - in particular, the National Security Strategies of 2010 and 2015, and the accompanying strategic defense and security reviews. The author examines the methods used to achieve these goals, and the actual accomplishments in the security sector. In addition to scientific literature, the article studies recent official government documents in the sphere of national security and defense, as well as relevant materials of leading British “think tanks” and British media. The author enquires into practical results that have been achieved by the D. Cameron government in the main areas of national security: anti-terrorism efforts, resolution of armed conflicts and instability abroad, and fighting cyberterrorism. In view of the results of the referendum on the country's membership in the European Union, UK has found itself entangled in an entirely different paradigm of relations with the EU, while trying to resolve its own internal political problems. Therefore, matters of international, as well as national, security have slid by the wayside. At the same time, British government maintains continuity of the national security policy in terms of responding to significant threats. Under T. May, the danger of terrorism, threatening Europe and the entire world, has become a matter of urgency for UK. Consequently, the May government will most likely be forced to change its course of action, and perhaps rewrite the whole strategy of ensuring national security, as well as adopt a number of unpopular, harsh measures. In the period between 2015 and 2020, terrorism, international military conflicts, pandemics and natural risks remain the first level risks for Great Britain. Long term, geopolitical and economic changes on the global scale are expected to be the prevailing risk factors. Climate change is also gaining significance and starting from 2035 it is predicted to have the greatest impact on national security.

Manufacturing industries, both in commercial and strategic defense sectors are in trends to start their changing paradigm on environmental management. PT Pindad (Persero) as one of national manufacturing industry in Indonesia has been initiated related programs for the last few years. Starting year of 2020, the industry have implemented new transformation on energy and environmental preservation program, which also simultaneously conducted in community development area. This paper mainly discussed about activity in the industry, consist of energy efficiency and responsible resource consumption to reduce waste emitted to the environment, taking into account the life cycle thinking. Results shows that life cycle thinking of the Weapons Division consist of Design, Development, Manufacture, and Assembling activity, have potential impact in wastewater toxicity and air emission. This impact somehow drives the industry to reports the improvement program comprehensively, mainly in manufacturing area. Moreover, in the same objectives to spread environmental concern, the industry also conducted ex-situ conservation and land rehabilitation, while also develop awareness on environmental, safety, and health aspect to the long-run community empowerment.

South Africa adopted a human security orientation at the start of its democratic epoch in 1994, but its operationalisation by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) proved difficult to implement. Human security is an approach to security which prioritises the protection of the people over security of the state. One of its central tenets is that security is best achieved through development as opposed to arms. Against this backdrop, the principal objective of this article is to critically analyse and understand South Africa's official human security orientation. Two indicators, the functions performed by the SANDF as well as South Africa's strategic defence posture, were assessed to achieve the objective. The securitisation model associated with Barry Buzan and Ole Waever was used as a theoretical framework to understand South Africa's official conception and utilisation of human security. It was found that the SANDF's operational functioning was compromised by having to perform its primary responsibilities along with secondary developmental tasks demanded by the broad mandate of human security. Furthermore, while South Africa lexically took human security and state security to be equally important, in practice the SANDF tended to prioritise state security ahead of human security both at home and abroad. Some analysts detected lack of strategic coherence in South Africa's security engagements in Africa while ignoring extensive efforts of the SANDF to bring peace, and not destabilisation, on the continent as part of the strategic defence posture. Ultimately, this article argues that the competency with which the SANDF ensures state security must be cascaded down to the human level by taking up more secondary functions with some provisos. Alignment of defence policy and adequate resources as well as the involvement of the people will be indispensable towards realisation of true human security. 1. Introduction The provision of security to the state and its people is the raison d'etre of any government. Since the dawn of democracy in South Africa, government has promoted the notion of human security as the sine qua non of its security output as affirmed by then Minster of Defence, Mosiuoa Lekota (2008). The latest Defence Review notes that South Africa is "stricken by chronic underdevelopment, inadequate health services and the attendant problem of poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. These human security and development problems continue to impact negatively on the region [Africa] in the form of a range of non-military threats" (RSA 2014: 1-5). While language and underlying principles of human security resonated with policymakers, South Africa's military apparatus found it difficult to operationalise the concept (Ferreira and Henk 2009: 519). Apart from diagnosing contemporary security challenges, Africa (2015: 186) observes that the aforementioned Defence Review also makes a clarion call for all state institutions to be involved in mitigating strategies. This implies that besides traditional functions of a military entity--maintaining national sovereignty and securing territorial integrity--a state security organ like the South African National Defence Force is now expected to respond to other national goals. These include "the well-being, prosperity and upliftment of the South African people, the growth of the economy, and demonstrable good governance" (RSA 2014: V). Incumbent Minister of Defence, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula (2016), alludes to the broad nature of the SANDF's mandate when she says it is in "national interest to have a Defence Force capable of supporting national security imperatives, foreign policy objectives and the country's economic interests". Despite security ostensibly being about and for the people under the human security framework as will be elaborated later, the daily lived experience of South African tells a different narrative. …

With rapidly advancing technologies, it is more critical than ever to assess and enhance the cyber-physical grid security. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and insights of the electrical power generation system security issues using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) security framework. Besides, it highlights the research gaps that need to be addressed for a secured system. This paper first evaluates the risk in the cyber-physical system to suggest for a more strategic defense specifically against False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA). Next, it highlights the importance of developing state-of-the-art protection measures to secure the system. This work then proposes a detection in-depth structure for holistic detection of attacks in the system. Lastly, it reviews the response and recovery measures and discusses the emergence of digital forensics in the smart grid.

Strictly relying on publicly available data, this study depicts and quantifies the spatial pattern of England's military families with dependent children. England's Service Pupil Premium for the financial years between 2011 and 2019 is used as a proxy variable to estimate the density of service children at the parliamentary constituency level. Methodologically, the approach allows an assessment of spatial movements of a population or a cohort. The results inform policy makers by providing evidence-based findings about the location of England's military families and how the distribution has changed between 2011 and 2019. The results show empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that, at a macro scale, beyond commuting distance, England's military families are becoming increasingly dispersed. We argue that the findings unveil spatial dynamics that have practical issues of housing, employment, and education regarding military families.

Military spending and sustainable economic development have been widely discussed in recent decades. Especially in Romania, the defense budget is valued at $4.8 billion, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.57%. It is also expected to reach $7.6 billion in 2023, according to a report by Strategic Defense Intelligence. There is no consensus in current research and less attention is paid to Eastern European countries. Considering the significant increase in military spending in Romania in recent years, as well as the occurrence of political events, this paper focuses on the dynamic causal relationship between military spending and sustainable economic growth in Romania. The bootstrap rolling window causality test takes into account the structural changes, and therefore, provides more convincing results. The results indicate negative effects of military expenditure on sustainable economic growth between 1996&ndash, 1999 and 2002&ndash, 2004. It can be attributed to the crowding-out effect of public expenditure on private investment. The positive effect between the two variables analyzed is noticed with the accession of Romania to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Conversely, it is found that economic growth does not have a significant effect on military spending in Romania. Policymakers should guard against the crowding out of private consumption and investment due to excessive military spending and ensure to increase military expenditure on the premise of sustainable economic development.

In 2015, the UK government published the National Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) 2015, which laid out their vision for the future roles and structure of the UK Armed Forces. SDSR 2015 envisaged making broader use of the Armed Forces to support missions other than warfighting. One element of this would be to increase the scale and scope of defence engagement (DE) activities that the UK conducts overseas. DE activities traditionally involve the use of personnel and assets to help prevent conflict, build stability and gain influence with partner nations as part of a short-term training teams. This paper aimed to give an overview of the Specialist Infantry Group and its role in UK DE. It will explore the reasons why the SDSR 2015 recommended their formation as well as an insight into future tasks.

Purpose – This article aims to evaluate the maturity level of a Strategic Defense Company (EED), from the perspective of Industry 4.0 concepts. The EED are characterized by high technological training and the ability to supply Strategic Defense Products (PED) to the Brazilian Armed Forces. Theoretical framework – The term Industry 4.0 has become one of the most recurring topics for the global manufacturing sector and in the academic world (Kagermann et al., 2013), however, academic literature on this topic is still scarce (Qin, Liu Grosvenor, 2016). One of the problems that stands out is the lack of empirical evidence on the impacts that technologies of Industry 4.0 can have on the operational performance of companies. Instead of this new trend being accepted as dogma, it is necessary to prove its effects on companies, empirically. In this context, this study seeks answers to the following research question: What is the maturity level of Industry 4.0 in Strategic Defense Companies? Methodology – The research is classified in bibliographic, qualitative and descriptive, and uses the survey developed by the IMPULS Foundation, german consulting company, translated and adapted for this study, in the case of the Brazilian Military Material Industry (IMBEL). Findings – The results reveal that the analyzed company has an intermediate maturity level, categorized as learner in an Industry 4.0 maturity model. Research, Practical Social implications – The research contributes to the empirical development of a model and provides an instrument for analyzing the maturity of Industry 4.0 that can be used in companies from different sectors. Regarding research limitations, it is pointed out that the empirically evaluated data could be validated through descriptive statistics, which would certainly generate greater confidence in the results, however, the study should have a larger sample of participating companies, not being the subject of this study. Originality – One of the gaps in the study of Industry 4.0, in Brazil, is the absence of empirical evidence on the impacts of enabling technologies of this new paradigma, and how they can contribute to the performance of companies. In view of this new tendency, it is necessary to analyze its impacts on companies, seeking to relate the theoretical constructs developed and the reality observed in companies., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de maturidade de uma Empresa Estratégica de Defesa (EED) sob a ótica dos conceitos da Indústria 4.0.Método: A pesquisa classifica-se em bibliográfica, qualitativa e descritiva, e utiliza-se do questionário desenvolvido pela Fundação IMPULS, empresa de consultoria alemã, traduzido e adaptado para este estudo, no caso da Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL).Originalidade/Relevância: Um dos gaps no estudo da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil é a ausência de evidências empíricas sobre os impactos que as tecnologias decorrentes desse novo paradigma podem contribuir para o desempenho operacional das empresas. Diante dessa nova tendência, faz-se necessário analisar seus impactos nas empresas, de forma empírica, ao relacionar os construtos teóricos desenvolvidos e a realidade das empresas.Resultados: Os resultados revelam que a empresa analisada apresenta um nível de maturidade intermediário, categorizada como aprendiz em um modelo de maturidade da Indústria 4.0.Contribuições metodológicas: A pesquisa contribui com o desenvolvimento empírico de um modelo e fornece um instrumento de análise da maturidade da Indústria 4.0 que poderá ser utilizado em empresas de diferentes setores.Contribuições para a gestão: O questionário elaborado neste estudo (Apêndice), pode ser utilizado por outras Empresas Estratégicas de Defesa, além de outras empresas de manufatura de diferentes setores, para que possam avaliar o nível de maturidade da Indústria 4.0, com a finalidade de identificar as estratégias e o status de implementação desse novo modelo.