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Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a disease resulting from a combination of polygenic mode of inheritance and environmental factors accounts for 95% of all diabetes in children. Monogenic forms of autoimmune diabetes have been considered extremely rare. However, it has been shown recently that patients with autoimmune diabetes caused by a mutation in a single gene are hidden among children with „common“ T1D. Single gene defect leads to dysregulation of immune system and development of diabetes or other autoimmune diseases. Candidate genes causing monogenic forms of autoimmune diabetes are the AIRE gene causing APS-1, the FOXP3gene responsible for IPEX syndrome and the IL2RA gene for IPEX-like syndrome respectively. Mutations in the STAT3, CTLA4, LRBA or STATI genes are described in T1D occurring with autoimmune cytopenias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, autoimunne haemolytic anemia). Mutations in the ITCH gene causing multisystem autoimmune disease are extremely rare. Correct early diagnosis of monogenic forms of autoimmune diabetes is essential for the causal treatment which also includes the allogenic bone marrow transplantation in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of General Practitioner / Praktický Lékař is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Decreased susceptibility of K. lactis mutants impaired in the function of cytochrome c, cytochrome c 1 and cytochrome- c oxidase to fluconazole, bifonazole and amphotericin B in comparison with the isogenic wild-type strain was observed. Flow cytometry with rhodamine 6G did not show any changes in the accumulation of the dye in the mutant cells compared with the corresponding wild-type strain. Sterol analysis showed similar overall amount of sterols in both wild-type and mutant cells. Taking into account the increased amphotericin B resistance and significantly diminished susceptibility of mutant cells to lyticase digestion, the cell wall structure and/or composition may probably be responsible for the observed changes in the susceptibility of mutants to the antifungal compounds used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]