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3. Receptor-mediated exopolysaccharide perception controls bacterial infection

Author

Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. Wibroe, Hjuler, C.T., Gysel, K., Muszynski, A., Carlson, R.W., Thygesen, M.B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M.H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S.U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K.J., Ronson, C.W., Blaise, M., Radutoiu, S., and Stougaard, J.

Subjects
Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms, and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential for the development of infected root nodules. We have identified a gene in Lotus japonicus, Epr3, encoding a receptor-like kinase that controls this infection. We show that epr3 mutants are defective in perception of purified EPS, and that EPR3 binds EPS directly and distinguishes compatible and incompatible EPS in bacterial competition studies. Expression of Epr3 in epidermal cells within the susceptible root zone shows that the protein is involved in bacterial entry, while rhizobial and plant mutant studies suggest that Epr3 regulates bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer. Finally, we show that Epr3 expression is inducible and dependent on host perception of bacterial nodulation (Nod) factors. Plant-bacterial compatibility and bacterial access to legume roots is thus regulated by a two-stage mechanism involving sequential receptor-mediated recognition of Nod factor and EPS signals., Bacteria display a variety of glycans on their surfaces. Capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, cyclic glucans and exopolysaccharides (EPS) form an adaptable dynamic interface involved in, for example, cell-to-cell interactions, immune evasion, [...]

Published
2015
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5. Genome Synteny of Pea and Model Legumes: From Mutation through Genetic Mapping to the Genes

Author

Zhukov, V. A., Borisov, A. Y., Kuznetsova, E. V., Madsen, L. H., Moffet, M. D., Ovchinnikova, E. S., Pinaev, A. G., Radutoiu, S., Rozov, S. M., Rychagova, T. S., Shtark, O. Y., Tsyganov, V. E., Voroshilova, V. A., Stougaard, J., Weeden, N. F., Tikhonovich, I. A., Dakora, Felix D., editor, Chimphango, Samson B. M., editor, Valentine, Alex J., editor, Elmerich, Claudine, editor, and Newton, William E., editor

Published
2008
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6. Regulatory genes of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) controlling the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza: A review of basic and applied aspects

Author

Borisov, A. Yu., Danilova, T. N., Koroleva, T. A., Kuznetsova, E. V., Madsen, L., Mofett, M., Naumkina, T. S., Nemankin, T. A., Ovchinnikova, E. S., Pavlova, Z. B., Petrova, N. E., Pinaev, A. G., Radutoiu, S., Rozov, S. M., Rychagova, T. S., Shtark, O. Yu., Solovov, I. I., Stougaard, J., Tikhonovich, I. A., Topunov, A. F., Tsyganov, V. E., Vasil’chikov, A. G., Voroshilova, V. A., Weeden, N. F., Zhernakov, A. I., and Zhukov, V. A.

Published
2007
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16. Responses of Lotus japonicus to nod factors.

Author

Spaink, H. P., primary, Bras, C. P., additional, Grønlund, M., additional, Spronsen, P. van, additional, Kijne, J., additional, Schlaman, H. R. M., additional, Roussis, A., additional, Wijting, S., additional, Stougaard, J., additional, Flemetakis, E., additional, and Katinakis, P., additional

Published
2002
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18. Genetics and genomics in Lotus japonicus .

Author

Sandal, N., primary, Krusell, L., additional, Radutoiu, S., additional, Olbryt, M., additional, Pedrosa, A., additional, Stracke, S., additional, Parniske, M., additional, Bachmair, A., additional, Ketelsen, T., additional, and Stougaard, J., additional

Published
2002
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20. Characterization of Lotus japonicus mutant plants deficient in phytoglobins

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Rubio Luna, María Carmen [0000-0002-9378-7775], Becana Ausejo, Manuel [0000-0002-1083-0804], Villar Rua, Irene, Calvo-Beguería, Laura, Rubio Luna, María Carmen, Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen, Sandal, Niels, Stougaard, J., Becana Ausejo, Manuel, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Rubio Luna, María Carmen [0000-0002-9378-7775], Becana Ausejo, Manuel [0000-0002-1083-0804], Villar Rua, Irene, Calvo-Beguería, Laura, Rubio Luna, María Carmen, Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen, Sandal, Niels, Stougaard, J., and Becana Ausejo, Manuel

Abstract

In plants, symbiotic hemoglobins occur only in the nodules of legumes (leghemoglobins; Lbs), actinorhizal plants, and Parasponia. These hemoglobins transport a low, steady concentration of O2 to the N2-fixing bacteroids. In contrast, nonsymbiotic hemoglobins or phytoglobins (Glbs) are expressed in most plant organs, from seeds to flowers and fruits (Bustos-Sanmamed et al., 2011). Based on phylogenetic analyses and biochemical properties, Glbs can be grouped in three classes. The genome of Lotus japonicus encodes five Glbs: two class 1 (Glb1-1 and Glb1-2), one class 2 (Glb2), and two class 3 (Glb3-1 and Glb3-2). The functions of Glbs are largely unknown. To gain information, we phenotyped glb knockout mutants from the LORE1 collection (Malolepszy et al., 2016). Phenotypes were examined in nodulated plants grown in plates for 4-5 weeks on Jensen medium. The plants were then transferred to pots and the phenotypes were analyzed again at 8 weeks and at the flowering and fruiting stages. Nodulated plants of the glb1-1 mutant were smaller and had fewer nodules than the WT. The glb1-2 plants showed no growth alterations but delayed flowering, although they had many flowers that did not produce pods. The glb2 mutant showed a reduction in size and nodule number, as well as a delay in flowering. Finally, the glb3-2 mutants showed reduced shoot and root weights, delayed flowering, and enhanced production of flowers and pods.

Published
2019

30. Interplay of flg22-induced defence responses and nodulation in

Author

Lopez-Gomez M., Sandal N., Stougaard J., and Boller T.

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

In this study the interplay between the symbiotic and defence signalling pathways in Lotus japonicus was investigated by comparing the responses to Mesorhizobium loti the symbiotic partner of L. japonicus and the elicitor flg22 a conserved peptide motif present in flagellar protein of a wide range of bacteria. It was found that defence and symbiotic pathways overlap in the interaction between L. japonicus and M. loti since similar responses were induced by the mutualistic bacteria and flg22. However purified flagellin from M. loti did not induce any response in L. japonicus which suggests the production of other elicitors by the symbiotic bacteria. Defence responses induced by flg22 caused inhibition of rhizobial infection and delay in nodule organogenesis as demonstrated by the negative effect of flg22 in the formation of spontaneous nodules in the snf1 L. japonicus mutant and the inhibition of NSP1 and NSP2 genes. This indicates the antagonistic effect of the defence pathway on the nodule formation in the initial rhizobium legume interaction. However the fact that flg22 did not affect the formation of new nodules once the symbiosis was established indicates that after the colonization of the host plant by the symbiotic partner the symbiotic pathway has prevalence over the defensive response. This result is also supported by the down regulation of the expression levels of the flg22 receptor FLS2 in the nodular tissue.

Published
2011

33. Requirement for Exopolysaccharide in the Mesorhizobium-Lotus Symbiosis

Author

Kelly, S.J, Muszynski, A, Kawaharada, Y, M. Hubber, A.M, Sullivan, J.T, Sandal, N. Carlson, R.W, Stougaard, J. and Ronson, C.W., Kelly, S.J., Muszynski, A., Kawaharada, Y., M. Hubber, A.M., Sullivan, J.T., Sandal, N. Carlson, R.W., Stougaard, J., and Ronson, C.W.

Published
2013

38. GENOME SYNTENY OF PEA AND MODEL LEGUMES:FROM MUTATION THROUGH GENETIC MAPPING TO THE GENES

Author

Zhukov, V. A., Borisov, A. Y., Kuznetsova, E. V., Madsen, L. H., Moffet, M. D., Ovchinnikova, E. S., Pinaev, A. G., Radutoiu, S., Rozov, S. M., Rychagova, T. S., Shtark, O. Y., Tsyganov, V. E., Voroshilova, V. A., Stougaard, J., Weeden, N. F., Tikhonovich, I. A., Dakora, FD, Chimphango, SBM, Valentine, AJ, Elmerich, C, and Newton, WE

Published
2008

40. Korn som vitaminpiller

Author

Holm, Preben Bach, Borg, Søren, Møller, Annette, Poulsen, H D, Schjørring, J, Husted, S, Høgh Jensen, H, Rasmussen, S K, Stougaard, J, and Cakmak, I

Published
2004

42. Genome Synteny of Pea and Model Legumes: From Mutation through Genetic Mapping to the Genes

Author

Zhukov, V. A., primary, Borisov, A. Y., additional, Kuznetsova, E. V., additional, Madsen, L. H., additional, Moffet, M. D., additional, Ovchinnikova, E. S., additional, Pinaev, A. G., additional, Radutoiu, S., additional, Rozov, S. M., additional, Rychagova, T. S., additional, Shtark, O. Y., additional, Tsyganov, V. E., additional, Voroshilova, V. A., additional, Stougaard, J., additional, Weeden, N. F., additional, and Tikhonovich, I. A., additional

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