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Corticosteroids are used to treat a variety of diseases like bronchial asthma. However, long-term corticosteroids have a gastric ulcerogenic potential. Montelukast (MTK) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) are used in treatment of bronchial asthma. Previous studies showed that MTK and NSO had gastroprotective effects in other models of gastric ulcer. The present study assesses synergistic gastroprotective effects of both drugs in dexamethasone (DXM)-induced gastric damage. Fifty male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (I), DXM group (II), MTK + DXM group (III), NSO + DXM group (IV), MTK + NSO + DXM group (V). After 7 days, stomachs were removed for biochemical analysis and histological examinations. Significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells, with significant decreases in mucus secretion were detected in DXM-treated group compared with group I. Meanwhile, significant decreases of MDA level, MPO activity, and PCNA positive cells and significant increases in mucus secretion were detected in treated groups compared with group II. SOD activity significantly decreased in group V compared with group II. We could conclude that administration of either MTK or NSO or both with DXM counteracts DXM-induced gastric lesions. Key words: montelukast, Nigella sativa, dexamethasone, gastric damage. Les corticosteroides sont utilises pour traiter une variete de maladies telles que l'asthme. Cependant, l'administration de corticosteroides a long terme peut avoir comme consequence la formation d'ulceres gastriques. Le montelukast (MTK) et l'huile de Nigella sativa (HNS) sont utilises dans le traitement de l'asthme. Des etudes anterieures menees avec d'autres modeles d'ulcere gastrique ont permis de montrer que le MTK et l'HNS ont des effets gastroprotecteurs. La presente etude vise a evaluer les effets gastroprotecteurs synergiques des deux substances contre les dommages gastriques induits par la dexamethasone (DXM). Nous avons reparti 50 rats males dans 5 groupes : temoin normal (I), DXM (II), MTK + DXM (III), HNS + DXM (IV) et MTK + HNS + DXM (V). Apres 7 jours, nous avons preleve les estomacs pour proceder a des analyses biochimiques et des examens histologiques. Nous avons decele une augmentation des taux de malondialdehyde (MDA), de l'activite de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) et de la myeloperoxydase (MPO) ainsi que du nombre de cellules exprimant l'antigene PCNA (pour<>), avec une diminution de la secretion de mucus nettement plus marquees dans les groupes DXM que dans le groupe I. Concurremment, nous avons observe une diminution des taux de MDA, de l'activite de la MPO et du nombre de cellules exprimant l'antigene PCNA, avec une augmentation de la secretion de mucus nettement plus marquees avec l'administration des substances a l'etude que dans le groupe II. L'activite de la SOD diminuait de facon beaucoup plus marquee dans le groupe V que dans le groupe II. Nous pourrions en arriver a la conclusion que l'administration concomitante de MTK, d'HNS ou de ces deux substances avec de la DXM permettrait de contrecarrer la formation de lesions gastriques induites par la DXM. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: montelukast, Nigella sativa, dexamethasone, dommages gastriques., Introduction Corticosteroids are used to treat a variety of health problems (Lu and Cidlowski 2004). Bronchial asthma is one of the diseases that needs long-term treatment with corticosteroids (Ukena et [...]

Doctors describe the use of an antibody that blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor for treating Menetrier's disease. This disease affects the stomach and may be a precursor of stomach cancer. There is evidence that it may be partially caused by increased levels of epidermal growth factor.

Peptic ulcer is a condition in which the destructive effects of the highly acidic secretions of the stomach overcome the protective effects of the mucosa (lining) of the stomach and intestines, resulting in the formation of lesions that can cause serious bleeding if blood vessels are injured by the ulcerative process. Mortality resulting from peptic ulcer bleeding occurs almost exclusively among patients over the age of 60 who suffer complications of surgery for recurrent or continued gastrointestinal bleeding. Several endoscopic methods, or nonsurgical procedures in which flexible mechanical devices are introduced through the esophagus to the stomach, have been developed to reduce the necessity for high-risk emergency surgery and consequent risk of mortality. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of gastric adrenaline injections (which cause constriction of the affected blood vessels, reducing bleeding) and adrenaline injections plus photocoagulation by laser beam (stanching the ulcer-induced hemorrhage by exposing the affected blood vessels to laser light), a study was carried out involving 42 patients suffering from peptic ulcer-induced bleeding. Patients were divided into two groups, well matched on variables relevant to ulcer severity. One group received endoscopically administered injections of adrenaline; the other group received identical injections of adrenaline in addition to photocoagulation therapy with Nd:YAG laser light. Because previous studies had shown that Nd:YAG laser treatment alone has a beneficial effect, it was not considered to be ethically justifiable to include an untreated control group. Control of bleeding was achieved to a similar extent in both groups; 76 percent of patients receiving adrenaline injections showed cessation of bleeding, whereas 86 percent of the patients receiving combined therapy showed successfully controlled bleeding. There were no deaths or serious complications in either group. Hence the simpler, less expensive treatment (adrenaline injection) appears to be as effective as Nd:YAG laser treatment in the control of peptic ulcer-related hemorrhage. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Intestinal malrotation is a developmental anomaly affecting the position and peritoneal attachments of the small and large intestines during fetal life. Most often the diagnosis is established in the first year of life on the basis of abdominal pain and bile-stained vomiting secondary to bowel obstruction. The antenatal diagnosis can be suggested by identification of the complications such as bowel dilatation, ascites or meconium peritonitis. We describe two cases of isolated antenatal gastric malposition without any other associated anomaly that were confirmed after birth to be due to intestinal malrotation. We suggest that such an antenatal finding should alert the paediatrician to close clinical follow-up and prompt the diagnosis and surgical treatment in case of abdominal pain and/or bilious vomiting. Keywords Fetus * Stomach * Malposition * Malrotation

Byline: Deepti. Vepakomma, Anand. Alladi Trichobezoars are seen usually in adolescent girls and laparotomy is required to remove them, though recently laparoscopic assisted and laparoscopic removal have been reported in [...]

Byline: Junji Takaya (1), Yuhmi Kawamura (1), Minoru Kino (1), Yosihiko Kawashima (2), Akitsugu Yamamoto (3), Yohnosuke Kobayashi (1) Abstract: We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with Menetrier's disease who presented with prominent anasarca associated with hypoproteinemia, but no proteinuria. An early sonogram of the stomach demonstrated thickening of the gastric wall which was found to resolve gradually on serial sonograms. Consequently, we considered that the submucosal layer of the gastric wall was particularly thickened as a result of Menetrier's disease. A gastric biopsy was performed 18 days after onset of the disease, and an electron-microscopic examination of the sample disclosed persistent widening of gastric tight junctions by more than 10 nm. The patient made a full recovery on supportive treatment in 3 weeks. Ultrasonography provided us with a potent tool not only in making the diagnosis, but also in following the course of the disease. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Fumizonocho 10-15, 570, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan (2) Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan (3) First Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan Article History: Registration Date: 28/03/2009 Received Date: 15/03/1966 Accepted Date: 01/05/1996

Gastric tonometry and intravesical pressure measurement were performed on eight babies born with gastroschisis for 72 hours after abdominal closure. Intravesical pressure was not high. The gastric mucosal p[co.sub.2] and [...]