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In Wisconsin, reduced application rates of atrazine (2-chloro-4- ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) are a major component of restrictions enacted to protect groundwater, but the relationship between rate of application and atrazine fate has not previously been determined in any Wisconsin soil. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the movement and degradation of atrazine applied atrates from 0.56 to 4.48 kg a.i ha-1 in nondisturbed Planosilt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic; Typic Argiudolls) soil columns contained in 90-cm long by 20-cm diameter lysimeters. Over 180 d, a total of 62.5 cm of simulated rainfall was applied uniformly to the soil surface of each column. Rate of atrazine application did not influence time of initial detection of atrazine, deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), or deisopropylatrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine) in drainage water, but as application rate increased, these compounds leached over a longer period of time, up to twice as long for atrazine applied at 4.48 than 0.56 kg a.i. ha-1. The frequency of detection, average concentration, and mass of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine in drainage water increased as the rate of atrazine application increased. The total mass of atrazine and its metabolites in drainage water was sevenfold greater for atrazine applied at 4.48 than 0.56 kg a.i. ha-1. In contrast, the percent of applied atrazine recovered as total atrazine and metabolites was not influenced by rate of application and was <0.15% of applied atrazine for any rate. These results indicated that reduced rates of atrazine application are associated with reduced movement of atrazine and metabolites through the root zone of Plano silt loam soil and suggest that reduced rates of application are a valid approach to groundwater protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is one of the most troublesome weed species in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems. Following numerous reports in 2018 of suspected herbicide resistance in several Ambrosia trifida populations from Wisconsin, our objective was to characterize the response of these accessions to acetolactate synthase (ALS), enolpyruvyl shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS), and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors applied POST., Results: Four accessions (AT1, AT4, AT6, and AT10) exhibited ≥ 50% plant survival after exposure to the cloransulam 3× rate. Two accessions (AT8 and AT10) and one accession (AT2) exhibited ≥ 50% plant survival after exposure to glyphosate and fomesafen 1× rates, respectively. The AT10 accession exhibited multiple resistance to cloransulam and glyphosate. The AT12 accession was 28.8-fold resistant to fomesafen and 3.7-fold resistant to lactofen. A codon change in PPX2 conferring a R98L substitution was identified as the most likely mechanism conferring PPO-inhibitor resistance., Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of PPO-inhibitor resistance in Ambrosia trifida globally and we identified the genetic mutation likely conferring resistance. Proactive and diversified integrated weed management strategies are of paramount importance for sustainable long-term Ambrosia trifida management. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.)

We analysed a large cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients in order to characterize: (1) the pattern of late recurrence of lymphoid malignancies (LR) after initial treatment for HL over a 35-year period; (2) the clinicopathological parameters influencing the risk of LR; and (3) the outcome of patients experiencing LR. We reviewed data of 3350 HL patients diagnosed in Denmark between 1982 and 2018 and registered in the Danish National Lymphoma Registry (LYFO). LR was defined as a recurrence of lymphoid malignancy at least five years after initial diagnosis. LR occurred in 58 patients, with a cumulative incidence at 10, 15 and 20 years of 2.7%, 4.0% and 5.4% respectively. LR was more frequently observed in patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL) [hazard ratio (HR) 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-8.4, p < 0.001]. In classical HL (cHL) patients, older age and lymphocytopenia were risk factors for LR with HRs of 1.04 per additional year (95% CI: 1.02-1.06) and 5.6 (95% CI: 2.7-11.5) respectively. Mixed cellularity histological subtype was a risk factor for LR, but only in females, with a HR of 5.4 (95% CI: 1.4-20.4, p = 0.014). In contrast to what was observed in NLPHL, LR in cHL was associated with an almost threefold increased risk of death compared with patients in continuous complete remission. Approximately one fifth (22.4%) of patients with LR experienced a second relapse., (© 2022 The Authors. British Journal of Haematology published by British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: The majority of young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are cured, but chemotherapy-induced infertility can have profound psychosocial consequences. Providing data on parenthood rates and use of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) after contemporary HL treatment is important for patient counseling and survivorship care., Materials and Methods: All Danish patients with HL diagnosed during 2000-2015 at the ages 18-40 years who achieved remission after first-line therapy were included and matched on age, sex, and parenthood status to five random persons from the general population. Parenthood rates were defined as the rate of first live birth per 1,000 person years, starting 9 months after HL diagnosis. Nationwide birth and patient registers were used to capture parenthood outcomes and ARTs use., Results: A total of 793 HL survivors and 3,965 comparators were included (median follow-up 8.7 years). Similar parenthood rates were observed for male and female HL survivors when compared with matched comparators (56.2 v 57.1; P = .871 for males and 63.8 v 61.2; P = .672 for females). For male HL survivors, BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) therapy was associated with lower parenthood rates as compared to the matched comparators (28.1 v 60.8; P = .020). Live birth after ARTs were more common for HL survivors than for comparators (males 21.6% v 6.3%; P < .001; females 13.6% v 5.5%; P = .001). There were no differences in gestational age, Apgar score, or newborn measurements between HL survivors and matched comparators., Conclusion: The parenthood rates for HL survivors who have not experienced relapse were generally similar to the general population. However, ARTs were used more often before the first live birth in HL survivors, which is relevant information when discussing possible long-term side effects and fertility-preserving treatment options., Competing Interests: Andreas K. ØvlisenTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Pfizer, AbbVie Lasse H. JakobsenHonoraria: Takeda Sandra ElorantaResearch Funding: JanssenOther Relationship: Janssen Martin HutchingsConsulting or Advisory Role: Takeda, Roche, Genmab, JanssenResearch Funding: Celgene, Genmab, Roche, Takeda, Novartis, Janssen Henrik FrederiksenConsulting or Advisory Role: AbbVie, NovartisResearch Funding: AbbVie, Gilead SciencesTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, AbbVie Rasmus Bo Dahl-SørensenTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Takeda Caroline E. WeibullResearch Funding: Janssen Ingrid GlimeliusSpeakers' Bureau: Jansen Cilag Karin E. SmedbyResearch Funding: Janssen-Cilag Christian Torp-PedersenResearch Funding: Bayer, Novo Nordisk Tarec C. El-GalalyEmployment: RocheConsulting or Advisory Role: RocheOther Relationship: RocheNo other potential conflicts of interest were reported.

Our international research team was in the midst of a comparative study about the day-to-day experience of Twitter users in Berlin and Jerusalem through a series of daily short surveys, when our Jerusalem data were becoming increasingly "compromised" by the growing public concern, and tightening government measures, around the spread of the Coronavirus in Israel. During the two waves of our 10-day survey of salient Twitter users in Jerusalem (March 9-March 19, N  = 34; March 23-April 2, N  = 25), Israel shifted from 50 confirmed Coronavirus cases to over 6,800 and from relative routine to almost full stay-at-home orders. This essay presents two intersecting narratives. First, we consider the methodological challenges of adapting ongoing academic survey studies to changing conditions. We then offer a mixed-methods analysis of the experiences of our Twitter users and how they saw the Coronavirus crisis shaping their use of Twitter. The essay thus offers a unique methodological and empirical vantage point on how social media use-and academic research-evolve during times of global uncertainty., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2020.)

Cancer-related psychological distress may lead to depression and anxiety among survivors. The vast majority of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) become long-term survivors, but the risk of mental health problems after HL is not well-characterized. Using national population-based registries, we investigated the cumulative incidence of psychotropic drug (antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics) use (proxies for depression and anxiety) in HL patients as well as if an increased risk would normalize over time for patients in remission. The study included 945 HL patients aged 18-92 years and 4725 matched persons. In total, 215 HL patients (22.8%) received a prescription of any psychotropic drug (PD) at some point after date of diagnosis compared to 545 persons (11.5%) in the matched cohort. Cumulative incidences with death/relapse as competing risk confirmed that HL patients were at higher risk of receiving psychotropic drug prescriptions, but the increased risk was transient and normalized to the matched population 5 years into survivorship. Increased age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and disease stage were associated with higher risk of psychotropic drug prescriptions. Given the increased rate of psychotropic drug prescriptions after HL diagnosis, screening for symptoms of depression and anxiety is warranted after HL diagnosis and first years into survivorship., (© 2020 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In this study, we analyzed the evolution of the prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients as they reach selected progression-free survival (PFS) milestones after high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based therapy. In total, 258 and 146 patients were included from Denmark and British Columbia, respectively. All patients were diagnosed during 2000-2017. The 5-year PFS was 27% (95% CI 23; 32); however, for patients reaching 5 years of PFS, this increased to 71% (95% CI 57; 86). Within the first 5 years after diagnosis, patients lost 2.0 years (95% CI 1.8; 2.2) when compared to a similar background population. This reduced to 0.5 years (95% CI 0.2; 0.9) for patients reaching 5 years of PFS. Treatment with rituximab was associated with improved outcomes. The prognosis of patients with PCNSL treated with HD-MTX-based regimens in this cohort is poor, although it improves as patients survive without progression/relapse. However, survival does not conclusively normalize to that of a similar background population.

Background: The Danish National Lymphoma Register (LYFO) prospectively includes information on all lymphoma patients newly diagnosed at hematology departments in Denmark. The validity of the clinical information in the LYFO has never been systematically assessed., Aim: To test the coverage and data quality of the LYFO., Methods: The coverage was tested by merging data of the LYFO with the Danish Cancer Register and the Danish National Patient Register, respectively. The validity of the LYFO was assessed by crosschecking with information from medical records in subgroups of patients. A random sample of 3% (N = 364) was made from all patients in the LYFO. In addition, four subtypes of lymphomas were validated: CNS lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and Hodgkin lymphomas. A total of 1,706 patients from the period 2000-2012 were included. The positive predictive values (PPVs) and completeness of selected variables were calculated for each subgroup and for the entire cohort of patients., Results: The comparison of data from the LYFO with the Danish Cancer Register and the Danish National Patient Register revealed a high coverage. In addition, the data quality was good with high PPVs (87% to 100%), and high completeness (92% to 100%)., Conclusion: The LYFO is a unique, nationwide clinical database characterized by high validity, good coverage and prospective data entry. It represents a valuable resource for future lymphoma research.

2,6-Bis(alkenyloxy) substituted arylboronic acids can be cyclotrimerized with the help of a hexaol as a template. First, the boronic acids are assembled by boronic ester formation with hexahydroxy-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Next, the resulting triboronates are cyclized by ring-closing metathesis to yield trimacrocycles as diastereomeric E/Z mixtures. Catalytic hydrogenation yields a single saturated trimacrocycle. Cleavage of the boronic ester functions liberates the template and generates a macrocycle with three boronic acid functionalities in endo-orientation. Due to this preorganization, macrocycles with boronic acids in endo-positions are good receptors for polyols. The binding of carbohydrates such as fructose was compared with the uptake of the respective templates into macrocycles with two or three boronic acids in endo-orientation.