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1. Epidemiologische impact en effectiviteit van COVID-19 maatregelen

Author

Wallinga, J, Backer, J, de Boer, P, Haverkate, M, van den Hof, S, Knol, M, Klinkenberg, D, Leung, KY, McDonald, S, Stokx, L, Wallinga, J, Backer, J, de Boer, P, Haverkate, M, van den Hof, S, Knol, M, Klinkenberg, D, Leung, KY, McDonald, S, and Stokx, L

Abstract

RIVM rapport:De Nederlandse maatregelen tijdens de coronacrisis werkten goed om het aantal besmettingen met het virus SARS-Cov-2 te verminderen. Dat blijkt uit onderzoek van het RIVM. Dit waren maatregelen die ervoor zorgden dat mensen het virus zo min mogelijk aan elkaar doorgaven. Bijvoorbeeld door anderhalve meter afstand van elkaar te houden en de sluiting van scholen. De resultaten van dit onderzoek helpen het RIVM om bij een volgende grote ziekte-uitbraak snel te adviseren over maatregelen en beleid.? Hoe goed de contactmaatregelen werkten, is niet per losse maatregel te onderzoeken. Dat komt omdat er vaak meerdere tegelijk golden. Wel kun je kijken naar de effecten van verschillende pakketten van maatregelen. Voor Nederland bleek: hoe zwaarder het pakket aan maatregelen als geheel, hoe effectiever. Ook is het moment waarop de maatregelen ingingen heel belangrijk. Hoe sneller ze na het begin van de eerste coronagolf werden ingevoerd, hoe meer sterfgevallen zijn voorkomen. ? Uit het onderzoek komen een aantal adviezen over maatregelpakketten. Een daarvan is om bepaalde gegevens van besmette personen te verzamelen. Zoals wie de meest waarschijnlijke besmetter is, wat het meest waarschijnlijke moment van de besmetting is en de eerste ziektedag. Met deze informatie kan worden bepaald hoeveel tijd er zit tussen besmet raken en ziek worden. En hoe lang het duurt voordat een besmet persoon iemand anders besmet. Een ander advies is om zo snel mogelijk goed inzicht te krijgen hoe vaak mensen contact hebben met anderen in een samenleving en hoe mensen zich verplaatsen. Dit is nodig om beter te kunnen bepalen welke maatregelen het beste de verspreiding van een virus kunnen tegengaan.?? Vanaf januari 2021 is in Nederland gestart met vaccinatie tegen COVID19. In binnen- en buitenland is onderzocht in hoeverre de vaccins mensen hebben beschermd tegen COVID-19, de ziekte die het virus veroorzaakt. Daaruit blijkt dat gevaccineerde mensen minder vaak besmet raken dan ongevaccineerde mensen, The measures implemented in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 crisis were effective in reducing infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is the outcome of a study conducted by RIVM. The measures were intended to minimise the risk of people transmitting the virus to others, for example by means of social distancing and by closing schools. The results of this study will help RIVM in providing rapid advice on measures and policy in the event of a new major outbreak of disease.? The effectiveness of contact measures cannot be determined at the level of individual measures. This is because often several measures were in force at the same time. However, it is possible to look at the effects of different packages of measures. In the Netherlands it was found that the more severe the package of measures as a whole, the greater the effect. The timing of the measures was also very important. The faster the measures were introduced after the start of the first wave of infections, the more deaths they were able to prevent. ? The study has also yielded a number of recommendations on such packages of measures. One of these recommendations is to collect specific data on people who are infected, such as data on the most likely source of infection, the most likely time of exposure, and the first day of illness. This information can be used to calculate the amount of time between the moment of exposure and the onset of illness, and the time it takes before an infected person can infect another person. Another recommendation is to obtain a clear picture, as soon as possible, of the frequency of contacts between individuals in society and of the ways in which people move about. This information will improve our ability to identify the measures that are most effective in curbing the spread of a virus.?? In the Netherlands, vaccinations against COVID-19 started in January 2021. Researchers in the Netherlands and abroad have studied the extent to which the vaccines helped to protect pe

Published
2024

2. Abstracts of papers and posters Meeting on Pharmaceutical Sciences

Author

Coile, Jr., Russell C., Wiedhaup, K., van Bommel, Ilva, Mol, Miriam, de Vries, Michiel, Massey, E. W., Biller, J., Davis, J. N., Adams, H. P., Marler, J. R., Magnani, H. N., Schotte, A., Janssen, P. F. M., Leysen, J. E., Skrabanja, A. T. P., Flendrig, L., van Iren, F., Schrijnemakers, E. W. M., Reinhoud, P. J., Kijne, J. W., Knevelman, A., de Wit, H. J. C., de Vries, J. D., Bult, A., Beijnen, J. H., van Winden, E. C. A., Talsma, H., Crommelin, D. J. A., Storm, G., Oussoren, C., Zuidema, J., Vingerhoeds, M. H., Smit, R. H. P., Dinther, F. v., Hultermans, T., Beumer, T., Fransz, A. N., Vromans, H., Bloemhof, D. A., van Mansvelt, F. J. W., Brouwers, J. R. B. J., Raemaekers, J., Boskma, R. J., Bloemhof, H., de Graaf, S. S. N., Uges, D. R. A., Kosterink, J. G. W., de Jonge, M. W. A., Smit, E. F., Kengen, R. A. M., de Leij, L., Piers, D. A., Shochat, D., The, T. H., Luurtsema, Gert, Franssen, Eric, Visser, Geb, Jeronimus-Stratingh, Margot, Bruins, Andries, Vaalburg, Wim, Luurtsema, G., Medema, J., Elsinga, P. H., Franssen, E. J. F., Visser, G. M., Vaalburg, W., Jmker, Jan I., Uges, Donald R. A., van der Paauw, Hugo, Maas, Max, de Vos, Henk, Hettelaar, Jenny, Slolk, L. M. L., van den Brand, W., Smit, B. J., Franssen, R. M. E., Vinks, A. A. T. M. M., Touw, D. J., Heijerman, H. G. M., Danhof, M., Bakker, W., Hermans, J., Driessen G. J., Wolters R., Go I. H., Fennis J., Gribnau F. W. J., Heerdink, Eibert R., Leufkens, Hubert G., Bakker, Albert, Heerdink, E. R., Lau, H. S., Bakker, A., Porsius, A. J., Beuning, K. S., Postma-Lim, E., de Boer, A., Nagtegaal, J. E., Stecher, N., Sturkenboom, M. C. J. M., de Jong-van den Berg, L. T. W., Cornel, M. C., Stricker, B. H. Ch., Wesseling, H., van den Bemt, P. M. L. A., Kil, P. J. M., Meyboom, R. H. B., de Koning, G. H. P., Herings, Ron M. C., Stricker, Bruno H. Ch., Leufkens, Hubert G. M., Urquhart, John, de Boer, Anthonius, Sturmans, Ferd, Middeibeek, Alma, Sturkenboom, Miriam C. J. M., de Jong-van den Berg, Lolkje T. W., Lammers, M. W., Hekster, Y. A., Keyser, A., Meinardi, H., Renier, W. O., Van Lier, H., Veehof, L., Stewart, R., Mevboom-de Jong, B., Haaijer-Ruskamp, F. M., Visser, L. E., van der Velden, J., Paes, A. H. P., van Mil, J. W. F., Tromp, Th. F. J., Casparie, M. K., Kuijpers, A., Stuvt, P. M. J., Dijkers, F. W., vd Ree, C. M., Ruben, B. A., Mokkink, H. G. A., Post, D., Gubbels, J. W., Stokx, L. J., Foets, M., Florax, C., van Dijk, A., Peters, E. T. J., van der Werf, G. T., Denig, P., Boerkamp, Ellis J. C., Haaijer-Ruskamp, Flora M., Reuyl, Jan C., Versluis, Albert, van Trigtv, Anke M., de Jong- vd Berg, Lolkie T. W., Willems, Jaap, Kaldeway, Hans, Wieringa, Nicolien, Herxheimer, Andrew, Vos, Rein, Heijman, Jennifer, Rikken, Floor, Omta S. W. F., Bouter L. M., van Engelen J. M. L., Leufkens, H. G. M., Steffens, B., Thijssen, J. J. H., de Boer, D., Tissot van Patot, H. A., Leusink, J. A., de Jongh, B. M., Reuvers, Inge H., van der Galiën, Trea A., Tromp, Dick F. J., Hendrikx, N. E. H. W., van der Werf, G. Th., Vos, R., Swart, J. A. A., Haisma, H. J., Borchert, J. C. H., Versantvoort, M. W., van Steenbergen, M. J., Hennink, W. E., Wolthuis, W. N. E., van Hooff, R. J. M., Wientjes, K. J. C., Schmidt, F. J., Schoonen, A. J. M., Te Wierik, G. H. P., Eissens, A. C., Lerk, C. F., Haas, M., Iwema Bakker, W. I., Reinhoudt, D. N., Mijer, D. K. F., de Zeeuw, D., Proost, J. H., Wierda, J. M. K. H., Meijer, D. K. F., Kuipers, M., Swart, P. J., Hendriks, M. M. W. B., Kamps, J. A. A. M., Struska, B., Thomas, C., Nijenhuis, A. M., Scherphof, G. L., Swaan, Peter W., Stehouwer, Marco C., Blok, Eric J. C., Tukker, Josef J., van Dijk, J., Gorissen, H. R. M., Groot-Padberg, Y. M., Olling M., van Gelderen C. E. M., Salomons P., Barends D. M., Meulenbelt J., Rauws A. G., Craane-van Hinsberg, W. H. M., Verhoef, J. C., Junginger, H., and Boddé, H. E.

Published
1993
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3. Definitie voor de opzet van de studie Volksgezondheid Toekomst Verkenning 2002

Author

VTV, van Oers JAM, Achterberg PW, van den Berg Jeths J, Gijsen R, Hoeymans N, de Hollander AEM, Jansen J, Kramers PGN, van der Lucht F, Maas IAM, Poos MJJC, Ruwaard D, Schouten JSAG, Stokx L, Treurniet HF, van der Veen AA, Verheij R, Verkleij H, Vrijsen WJJ, Westert G, VTV, van Oers JAM, Achterberg PW, van den Berg Jeths J, Gijsen R, Hoeymans N, de Hollander AEM, Jansen J, Kramers PGN, van der Lucht F, Maas IAM, Poos MJJC, Ruwaard D, Schouten JSAG, Stokx L, Treurniet HF, van der Veen AA, Verheij R, Verkleij H, Vrijsen WJJ, and Westert G

Abstract

RIVM rapport:In dit rapport worden de opzet en uitgangspunten van de Volksgezondheid Toekomst Verkenning 2002 gegeven. Doel-stelling is: Het bijeenbrengen, analyseren en integreren van kennis en gegevens, die van belang zijn voor de beleidsvorming op het gebied van volksgezondheid en zorg. Drie kenmerkende elementen van de VTV zijn: (1) de gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking is centraal uitgangspunt; (2) de verzamelde informatie wordt met elkaar in verband gebracht in een conceptueel kader; (3) het is een nationale inspanning met bijdragen van deskundigen binnen en buiten het RIVM. Om zo goed mogelijk aan te sluiten bij de informatiebehoefte van het beleid bestaat de VTV uit drie onderdelen: (1) het samenvattend rapport VTV-2002, dat een overzicht biedt op hoofdlijnen, over ontwikkelingen in de gezondheidstoestand, de oorzaken en consequenties daarvan, en de mogelijkheden van beleids-interventies; (2) themarapporten die gedurende de loop van het project zullen verschijnen, en waarin op beknopte wijze thema's worden behandeld, die aansluiten bij de korte en middellange termijn beleidsvragen. Vooralsnog zijn vijf thema's geselecteerd: (1) Gezondheid in de grote steden; (2) Bevorderen van gezond gedrag bij specifieke groepen; (3) Vraag, aanbod en geografische verdeling van zorg; (4) Geneesmiddelen en medische hulpmiddelen; (5) Ouderenzorg. Gedurende de looptijd van de VTV kunnen daar nog nieuwe thema's aan toegevoegd worden; (3) de Monitor Volksgezondheid en Zorg, een via Intranet toegankelijk systeem met informatie over (ontwikkelingen in) de volksgezondheid, determinanten en zorg. De VTV dient in deze opzet, meer dan voorheen, beschouwd te worden als een continu proces dat informatie ten behoeve van het volksgezondheidsbeleid oplevert. Evenals bij de eerdere VTV's zal bij de uitwerking een beroep worden gedaan op expertise binnen en buiten het RIVM., This definition report presents the starting-points and design of the Public Health Status and Forecasts 2002 (PHSF 2002). The aim is: to collect, analyse and integrate data and knowledge relevant for policy development in the field of public health and health care. The PHSF is characterised by: (1) the health status of the population as the main starting-point; (2) its function as an integral framework for the collected information; (3) its nationwide project status, reflecting contributions of experts both within and outside the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). To link up as closely as possible with the information needs for policy-making, PHSF will consist of: (1) a PHSF summarising report 2002, to be published in 2002, presenting an integrated, overall view of the developments in health status, the causes and consequences of these developments, and the possibilities for policy interventions; (2) thematic reports which will be published during the course, each characterised by a concise discussion of the relevant theme. So far five themes have been selected: (1) Health in the big cities; (2) Health promotion among specific groups; (3) Demand, supply and geographical distribution of health care; (4) Medicines and medical devices and (5) Care for the elderly. During the course of PHSF production new themes can be added; (3) the Monitor on Public Health and Health Care, an Intranet-accessible information system presenting regularly updated information on (developments in) public health, determinants and care.Within this design the PHSF should be seen as a supplier in continuum of information for public health policy-making. Just as during the realisation of earlier editions of the PHSF, an appeal will be made to research expertise, both within and outside the RIVM.

Published
2000

4. ['Public health status and perspectives' 1997. VII. Health care needs and health care consumption].

Author

Stokx LJ and Post D

Subjects
Age Distribution, Delivery of Health Care economics, Female, Forecasting, Health Care Costs trends, Health Resources statistics & numerical data, Health Services Needs and Demand economics, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Netherlands epidemiology, Sex Distribution, Waiting Lists, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Health Services Needs and Demand organization & administration, Public Health trends
Abstract

In the 'Public health status and forecasts' 1997 attention is given to the relationship between health status and health care. The theme report 'Health care need and health care consumption' integrates information about both phenomena and about waiting lists in the different sectors of health care. It is difficult to quantify the need for health care, because statements about need always imply a judgment by parties involved. In the literature need for health care is often operationalized by historical data on health care consumption or by health status indicators. At the national level only limited quantitative information is available to support policy on waiting lists and waiting times. The data are seldom disease-specific. Changes in size and distribution (by age and sex) of the population will increase health care cost over the period 1994-2015 in the Netherlands by 0.9-1.0% per year. More detailed demographic projections, however, indicate that there are large disease-specific differences.

Published
1998

5. [Role of the family physician in mental and social problems in homes for the aged].

Author

Bakker RH, de Bakker DH, Kerkstra A, and Stokx LJ

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Life Style, Male, Mental Disorders therapy, Personal Health Services statistics & numerical data, Physician's Role, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Physicians, Family, Social Problems
Abstract

Based on Dutch nationally representative data, this article reports on the number of psychological and social problems that residents of homes for the elderly (n = 2893) present to their general practitioner (GP). Furthermore, the number of encounters residents with psychological or social problems have with the general practice and the interventions which the GP applies are described. A comparison is made with elderly patients living independently (n = 28056). In a three-month period the GP found psychological problems in 33 per cent of the patients from homes for the elderly. For elderly patients living independently this was 17%. Controlling for background variables the patients from homes for the elderly still show considerably more psychological problems. Social problems are reported less frequently to GP's; 8% of patients from homes for the elderly and 5% of patients living independently report these problems. After controlling for background variables no statistically significant differences were found. The most frequently used intervention is the prescription of drugs. In both groups almost 80% of the respondents received drugs. Referral to mental health care is the least frequently used intervention. Many patients living in homes for the elderly have psychological or social problems. This implies a high workload for the GP. However, no evidence is found that GP's treat their patients in homes for the elderly differently from those living independently.

Published
1995

6. Dutch general practice care for patients with epilepsy: results from the Dutch National Survey of Morbidity and Interventions.

Author

Stokx L, Kersten D, and van der Velden K

Subjects
Drug Prescriptions, Epilepsy epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Netherlands epidemiology, Office Nursing, Referral and Consultation, Epilepsy therapy, Family Practice
Abstract

This study aimed to assess the share which Dutch general practice has in the care of patients with epilepsy. During a 3-month period 400,000 patient contacts in 103 general practices with a total list of 335,000 patients were registered, 1536 of these, concerning 1059 patients, concerned epilepsy. Contacts with patients with known epilepsy in Dutch General Practice were handled mainly by the practice nurse and most involved repeat prescriptions. Patients suspected of having epilepsy had more attention from the General Practitioner. The involvement of General Practitioners in the care of epilepsy was found to be small, but not unimportant. GPs are in a crucial position as regards the detection of epilepsy. They can enlarge their role in respect of patients with known epilepsy and improve continuity of care.

Published
1991
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7. [Family practitioner's and specialist's role in the care of the patient with epilepsy].

Author

Stokx LJ and Kersten TJ

Subjects
Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Drug Prescriptions, Epilepsy drug therapy, Patient Education as Topic, Physician's Role, Epilepsy therapy, Family Practice, Medicine, Specialization
Abstract

Differences of opinion between GPs and medical specialists about their roles in the care of patients with epilepsy make it difficult to improve this care. To assess the roles of GP and specialist care a random sample of 500 GPs and all clinical neurologists in The Netherlands were sent a questionnaire about their attitude and actual behaviour towards tasks concerning epilepsy. The response was 54%. Non-response analysis did not bring forward statistically significant differences. Both GPs and specialists considered further diagnosis and starting antiepileptic drug regimens tasks for the specialist. The treatment of attacks in the patient's home situation was considered by both groups as a task for the GP. About other tasks opinions were that they ought to be shared or opinions appeared to be divided. According to the authors tasks about which consensus exists as well as tasks about which opinions differ should be considered carefully: on management level by the Epilepsy consultation group of the Dutch Society of General Practitioners and the Dutch Epilepsy Federation, on care level by introducing a patient information card.

Published
1990

8. Task and driving performance of patients with a severe concussion of the brain.

Author

Stokx LC and Gaillard AW

Subjects
Accidents, Traffic, Adult, Choice Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders etiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Psychomotor Disorders diagnosis, Reaction Time, Visual Fields, Automobile Driving, Brain Concussion complications, Psychomotor Disorders etiology
Abstract

Patients who had sustained a severe concussion of the brain more than 2 years earlier were tested in choice reaction time tasks in the laboratory in order to investigate their impaired reactive capacity. The focus of investigation was whether specific stages in the chain of the information process are affected by the injury. In addition, driving skills were measured in an instrumented car to determine if reaction time performance is predictive of car driving. In general, patients were much slower than control subjects, both in the reaction time and in the driving tasks. The results obtained in the reaction time tasks provide no conclusive evidence, however, that severe concussion of the brain affects particular stages in information processing. Reaction time tasks appear to have predictive value for the ability to drive a car.

Published
1986
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