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Background/Aim. Obesity is a chronic and relapsing condition, and since recently, it has been considered a global epidemic. Current guidelines for tripartite treatment of obesity emphasize a program of lifestyle modifications such as medical nutrition therapy, aerobic exercise, and behavioral intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether specific psychological factors (general attitudes and beliefs and frustration tolerance) could be predictors of successful weight loss, i.e., factors that can be further addressed as part of the integrated therapy approach. Methods. A total of 84 consecutive overweight and obese female participants who were apparently healthy and homogeneous in age, level of education, and marital or employment status were prescribed the same medical nutrition therapy protocol as a single six-month therapeutic intervention. Prior to starting the therapy, the General Attitude and Belief Scale (GABS) and the Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) were administered. The participants were divided into two groups: successful (group A) and unsuccessful (group B). Group A, or the successful group [with the mean body mass index (BMI) ± standard deviation (SD) of 24.1 ± 5.81 kg/m2], consisted of 40 participants who have reached the corresponding loss, i.e., they lost ≥ 10% of the starting body weight (BW). Group B, or the unsuccessful group (with the mean BMI ± SD of 28.51 ± 2.74 kg/m2), consisted of 44 participants who have not reached the corresponding loss, i.e., they lost < 10% of the starting BW. Results. Participants in group B had significantly higher scores (p < 0.05) on the GABS subscales for the Need for Approval, Need for Comfort, and Other Downing. A statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05) was shown for FDS subscales of Emotional Intolerance, Entitlement, and Achievement Frustration. Conclusion. Results of our study showed that participants who were unsuccessful in medical nutrition therapy had a higher degree of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs and higher scores of frustration intolerance when compared to successful participants. The recommendation, based on our results, would be to include psychotherapeutic techniques in the integrative obesity treatment, aimed at cognitive changes and increasing frustration tolerance.

Determination of sugar, nitrogen, and phosphorus consumption by kombucha culture is necessary to gain additional insight into the kombucha metabolic pathways and nutritional value of the produced beverages and to set a basis for optimizing the conditions for large-scale production. Kombucha beverage was made using effluent obtained from grape must clarification phase of white wine production. The fermentation medium was prepared by diluting the sterilized initial medium with approximately 16% of total reducing sugars to 3, 5, and 7% of total reducing sugars. The duration of the fermentation was nine days at 20, 25, and 30°C. Sugars, nitrogen, and phosphorus content were measured using DNS, Kjeldahl, and molybdenum blue methods, respectively. The highest sugar content was in the initial medium (16.34%) and the lowest was after nine days of fermentation at 30°C with 3% initial sugar content (0.17%). Residual levels of sugars, nitrogen, and phosphorus after three days were modeled using response surface methodology. The proposed mathematical models for sugars and nitrogen content showed an exceptional correlation with the experimentally obtained values. With this study insight into kombucha’s consumption of basic nutrients, nutritional value of the obtained products, and optimization of product composition was provided.

Background/Aim. Chronic pulpitis (CP) is an inflammatory dental pulp disorder associated with various pathophysiological mechanisms in its origin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the pulp tissue of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and establish their relationship with the histological changes of pulp tissue, as well as with the micromorphological changes, occurring in the mineralized tissue. Methods. The study examined the dental pulp of 41 patients with CP and 12 healthy individuals. The group of the diseased subjects was subdivided based on the presence of communication of the pulp with the oral cavity, i.e., open (n = 22) or closed (clausa) (n = 19) CP. Results. The levels of TNF-α were statistically significantly increased, while OPG levels were decreased in the pulp of patients with CP, compared to the control group. TNF-α levels were almost the same in the pulp of patients with closed CP and the control group, while values were significantly increased in those with open CP compared to control. Histopathological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the diseased pulp. Scanning electron microscopy showed distinct changes, which correlate with internal resorption. Conclusion. The results indicate a much greater and intensified process of root resorption in patients with closed CP, which is unassociated with dental pulp OPG and TNF-α level changes.

Oilseeds such as camelina and rapeseed are cultivated primarily for their high-quality oil. The oil de-rived from both crops is characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phenols, and vitamin E. The camelina and rapeseed oils are applied in various branches of industry including food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and for obtaining biofuels. These oilseeds synthesize a significant amount of protein. These oilseeds play a major role in addressing the growing issue of protein deficit in the diets of people worldwide because of their high protein content. Efforts in breeding are essential to develop genotypes with high yield and protein content, while also maintaining high oil content and ensuring adaptability to climatic changes. During 2022/2023, various genotypes of rapeseed and camelina were grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad in order to select varieties with ideal attributes. Among these, genotype NS Svetlana exhibited the highest oil content of 44.85 %, whereas genotype NS Dunav demonstrated the highest protein content of 24%. While camelina generally presented lower oil content compared to rapeseed, Genotype III stood out with a maximum oil content of 37.82%. Camelina also displayed significantly higher protein content than rapeseed. Protein content in camelina reached 26.59% in the case of Genotype I.

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Artificial intelligence has greatly penetrated into every pore of modern society and is becoming the driver of its further development. Artificial intelligence is used in all spheres of modern life, starting from medicine, agriculture, traffic control, autonomous vehicles, smart home/building/city concepts. The paper will analyze deep learning as a branch of artificial intelligence where, by applying adequate algorithms, computers are enabled to learn independently from data. In the context of finding user behavior patterns, this technology analyzes large amounts of information to identify specific ways in which users interact with a system or services. These identified patterns are used to personalize the user experience, providing them with individualized services and improving the overall quality of the services offered. This approach allows systems to intuitively adapt their functionality to match the needs and preferences of users, leading to improved user experience and providing customers with customized services. The paper explains the concept of a "smart library", which is based on the application of the concept of deep learning in its work.

Artificial intelligence has largely become an integral part of our lives. It has found its application in all spheres of modern life, from the virtual personal assistant that helps us organize our working day, through traffic control, the use of autonomous vehicles, through the inevitable use in medicine, education, agriculture, but also in restoration, preservation and promotion. cultural heritage. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enormous potential in the (semi)automatic selection, organization and preservation of cultural heritage in libraries, archives and museums, as well as in the computer analysis of cultural heritage data. The paper will review the position of Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of the development of artificial intelligence in relation to neighboring countries, as well as the presentation of the National Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Google Arts and Culture platform.

Nowadays, various industrial and urban activities result in discharging enormous quantities of various pollutants and their accumulation in the environment. Considering that heavy metals in wastewater are a serious threat to the environment and human health and that conventional methods for their removal are not highly efficient, the current study mainly focuses on estimating cyanobacterial capability to accumulate different heavy metals from water and comparing bioaccumulation and biosorption processes. Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. was used, and five heavy metals were selected for this experiment (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). Examined concentrations of HMs were 20 mg/dm3, 80 mg/dm3, and 200 mg/dm3 for the bioaccumulation study, while 20 mg/dm3 and 80 mg/dm3 of each HMs were used for biosorption experiments. Living cells of Nostoc sp. have the highest affinity for Pb2+ (98.15%) and Cu2+ (95.14%) removal from the solution by bioaccumulation. During the biosorption process, dried biomass of Nostoc sp., besides Pb2+ (92.27%) and Cu2+ (96.00%), shows a high affinity for Cd2+ (91.00%) removal. Living cyanobacterial cells of Nostoc sp. could accumulate 82% of Zn, while dried biomass adsorbs 87% of Zn2+. Although the highest bioaccumulation of Ni2+ was only 38% while using the biosorption process, it was significantly higher (63.80%). These results could provide a preliminary study for further investigation in the direction of the development of immobilized biosorbents which could be used for industrial effluent treatment.

Camelina sativa is a member of the Brassicaceae family and is characterized as an annual oilseed plant with a short growth cycle. Its seeds offer rich nutritional value comparable with other feed and food sources due to the presence of high-quality oils, protein, essential fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Our study investigated mineral profile and bioactive compound contents among two different camelina genotypes. The evaluated camelina genotypes NS Zlatka and NS Slatka were developed in Serbia. The bioactive compound investigation included total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chlorophyll a and b, and total carotenoid contents. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the DPPH-scavenging capacity of camelina seed extracts. The results demonstrate differences in mineral content between the two genotypes, with variations in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, and phosphorus levels. Both genotypes exhibit notable mineral profiles, with particularly high levels of potassium (1007.76-1047.74 mg/100 g) and magnesium (224.09-227.45 mg/100 g), which makes them potentially valuable for both animal feed and human nutrition. Furthermore, analysis reveals substantial levels of total phenolic (8.13-8.16 mg GAE/g DM) and flavonoid (5.91-6.41 mg QE/g DM) compounds in both genotypes, indicating their suitability for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Chlorophyll content analysis demonstrates significant differences between the two genotypes, particularly in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b levels. These variations suggest differences in photosynthetic capacity and seed maturity. Total carotenoid content remains consistent between the genotypes at levels from 16.43 to 17.91 µg b-CE/g DM, implying similar antioxidant protection mechanisms. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the biochemical properties of two camelina genotypes, indicating their potential applications in agriculture and human nutrition.

Lettuce is one of the most common types of leafy vegetables in human diet that is grown worldwide. Narrow and very small seeds make its sowing very difficult, requiring a lot of time and labour. Also, plants produced by manual sowing are often characterized by uneven germination. Those problems could be prevented by sowing pelleted seeds which require the development of adequate pelleting technology. Absence of quality lettuce seeds in the Serbian market results in large amounts of imported pelleted seeds every year. The aim of this study was to develop a domestic pelleting procedure and examine its effects on seeds quality parameters, in order to provide seeds to local farmers at a more affordable price compared to imported commercial pelleted seeds. Pelleted and non-pelleted seeds of the Panukia F1 hybrid were compared in several quality characteristics (1000 seed weight, germination energy, germination percentage, seedling length) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. There was no loss in seed quality with the pelleting process, although the seed weight increased 12-19 times. Pelleted lettuce seeds had very high germination energy and seed germination (97-98%). In greenhouse conditions, non-pelleted seeds sprouted unevenly in relation to pelleted seeds. These results confirm the advantages of sowing pelleted seeds in terms of uniform germination and development of lettuce plants, primarily due to the precision of mechanical sowing. By offering domestic pelleting lettuce seeds to the growers, the production process would be significantly improved and accelerated with the reduction of manual labour, and therefore the overall production cost.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have already entered many pores of modern society and without it, is difficult to imagine the life of modern man. In this paper, we will point out only on one segment of the application of ICT, and that is in the tourism sector and in the promotion of cultural heritage. Tourism can be a significant generator of income for a country, and it also has the potential to employ a large number of people. The application of ICT and especially the Internet, has greatly changed the way in which information is presented to users and the way in which users access information and how travel is organized. The application of ICT leads to the development of new marketing tools based on the digital platform, such as websites and portals whose content is adapted to computers and mobile phones, as well as increasingly represented advertising through social networks and search engines.

The main conclusion of the paper is that the issue of the legitimacy of extreme necessity as a basis for excluding unlawfulnesss has not been satisfactorily resolved. When it comes to the solution in the criminal law of Serbia, there is a serious deficit in terms of the legitimacy of the extreme necessity as a basis for the exclusion of unlawfulness, especially in the case when the threatened good and the one sacrificed are of the same value. Therefore, the prevailing interest theory cannot justify the existing solution. On the other hand, requiring the condition that the person invoking the extreme necessity did not cause danger (which is the specificity of that solution in CC of Serbia), to some extent facilitates solving the complex problem of justifying extreme necessity as a basis for excluding unlawfulnesss unlawfulnesss. Discussing the issue of justification, one should start from two approaches that dominate the theory of criminal law: the principle of predominant interest and the principle of solidarity. Those two principles are not so different that they could not be considered as one principle. Moreover, the principle of solidarity if it is based on the principle of predominant interest provides additional justification and persuasiveness. However, solidarity in a situation of extreme necessity must be of a limited nature, and therefore one can speak of the principle of limited solidarity, which is based on the principle of predominant interest. First of all, solidarity must be limited by the value of goods, ie. it can be expected from individuals (or imposed on them through legal norms) only when one sacrifices one's own good of lesser value in order to save someone else's good of greater value (by no means of the same value). Nor can it be expected that someone will sacrifice his own life, even if it would remove the danger from the lives of several people. The scope of solidarity, no matter how it is understood, cannot reach those limits. Furthermore, it is also limited by the fact that solidarity cannot be expected by the one who is responsible for creating the danger, so in this respect the solution from the CC of Serbia is in accordance with the principle of limited solidarity. Solidarity can justify the sacrifice of the goods of others, which legally narrows the limits of their free action. Nevertheless, it still remains an open question whether solidarity means that others voluntarily accept to sacrifice their goods (of lesser value) in order to save one's good (voluntariness could be based not only on altruism, but also on the expectation that the same will be done for apply to them if they find themselves in a situation of danger), or is it a legally imposed solidarity. Problems related to the legitimacy of extreme necessity as a basis for excluding unlawfulness are also significant for the interpretation of certain conditions for its application. The absence of a convincing justification of extreme necessity as a basis for excluding illegality should result not only in prescribing strict conditions for its existence, but it should also be reflected in its application.

Kajmak is autochthonous product, traditionally made as farmhouse milk product by farmers. In such manufacturing conditions, the quality of kajmak is usually very variable, nonstandard and out of the limits described by official regulations. In this paper the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, textural and sensory quality of the most used autochthonous kajmak samples (unripened kajmak and mature kajmak from mjesina) were analysed. Although all samples had satisfied quality according to the Serbian regulations, chemical composition and sensory quality revealed some variability between tested kajmak samples. Fat content was higher in mature kajmak than in unripened kajmak. The dominant fatty acid in all samples was palmitic acid (C16:0) and its higher content was observed in unripened kajmak sample, 33.20 %, compared with 29.45% in sample of kajmak from mjesina. In both samples, long-chain acids are the dominant ones. The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the tested samples were dominantly present with the share of 64-66%. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were in the range of 30.2-31.52 % and most abundant in both samples were oleic acid (18:1c). Unripened kajmak had higher score of sensory characteristics compared to kajmak from mjesine. According to the textural analysis the mature kajmak from mjesina had overall better textural characteristics.

The paper analyzes the constructive and usable characteristics of resilient wheels with rubber blocks and rubber "V" ring used on light railway vehicles in urban traffic conditions in order to reduce vibration and noise. These vibrations and noise have an impact on passenger comfort and create serious problems for buildings and residents near city transit lines. The sources of noise generated by train wheels due to their vibrations and possible ways of transmitting noise caused by wheel/rail interaction are stated. The paper examines and analyzes the results of previous research that have give contribution to a better understanding and adoption of the resilient wheel structure and rubber parameters in order to achieve the best noise and vibration reduction effects. Through the paper, it was found that resilient wheels can effectively reduce the rolling noise of wheel on the track by a value of 3[dB] and significantly reduce ground vibrations in a certain frequency range.

In this paper, the nutritional quality of cheese samples and cheese analogues was assessed throughout the fatty acid profile and lipid indices. The research included cheese analogues in which milk fat was completely replaced by vegetable fat with the addition of palm and coconut oil, as well as mixed cheese analogues products, whose production was based on the use of palm oil, milk protein and cheese. Fatty acid profile was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the atherogenic index, thrombogenic index and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio were calculated for the estimation of the lipid quality of the analysed samples. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 29 fatty acids in the analysed samples, among which dominated palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic fatty acid. Samples of cheese analogues showed improved fatty acid composition with a decreased content of saturated fatty acids and increased content of unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated and ω6 fatty acids). Values of atherogenic, thrombogenic indices and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic ratio (AI, TI and H/H) in the analysed samples varied in the range 0.81-11.89, 1.64-5.22 and 0.14-1.31, respectively. Lower AI and TI values accompanied by higher H/H values were observed for cheese analogues obtained by partial or complete substitution of milk fat with palm oil. Cheese analogue, in which production coconut oil completely replaced milk fat, demonstrated unfavourable fatty acid content and accompanying lipid indices, indicating the low nutritional quality of the specific sample.

Macroelements such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg play a significant physiological role, and their inadequate intake has been linked to severe diseases, such as high blood pressure. Data on risk assessment for human health in Serbia, from the intake of these macroelements through the consumption of canned food, are minimal. Therefore, the content of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in five types of canned meat that members of the Serbian Armed Forces regularly use was examined. Macroelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in cans of beef goulash, pork ragout, spam, liver pate, and meatballs in tomato sauce, which were stored from one month to six years. The sodium content was significantly higher than the potassium content in all types of food, so the Na/K ratio below 1, desirable for good health, was not found in any of the analyzed products. Also, a significant number of samples had an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio above 1. However, due to the low consumption of canned food by members of the Serbian Armed Forces, its contribution to the average daily intake of macroelements is almost negligible. The concentration of macroelements decreased with the shelf life, while a significant source of Ka and Mg, among analyzed ingredients, was ground red pepper.

The paper deals with the discussion of the value framework for the implementation of the Lean philosophy in the function of achieving the optimal level of business of the organization. By systematizing the literature data, the paper provides a basic insight into the thoughts, ideas and attitudes of the Lean approach, observing it inevitably in the context of factors that affect the success of its implementation in manufacturing industries. Identifying the problem framework in which the idea of Lean philosophy is realized is one of the most critical aspects that helps organizations to identify and eliminate weaknesses of the industrial system by applying certain tools and techniques that will enable a more successful outcome of implementation of this methodology whose principles can improve company performance. The discussion of the basic methods of the Lean approach was conducted in a way that allows considering of the practical contribution of the methods in correlation with Lean as the basic strategy. The results of the research showed the existence of a wide range of complex phenomena at the level of the entire organization, which are in mutual interaction and which, by their action, hinder the certainty of the success of Lean implementation by applying pre-tested tools and methods.

In the paper the analyses of the current transformer saturation influence to operation of differential protection are presented. Analyses are performed using a simulation tool and a relay model, as well as using the physical relay by injecting test currents from test equipment on relay inputs. The comparison of relay behavior in these two analyses has been performed and discussed. Network modeling has been performed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and physical relay testing using DOBLE test equipment.

Background/Aim. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, that can reduce quality of life. Personality traits and coping strategies are significant factors in interpersonal variance regarding quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine relations between personality traits and coping strategies in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) type of MS, and to examine relations of personality traits, coping strategies, and quality of life in patients with RR type of MS. Methods. This observational cross-sectional study included 66 patients (34 female, 32 male) with clinically definitive MS, based on the McDonald criteria. The following clinical scales were used to examine personality traits, coping strategies, and quality of life: Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOsL-54). Results. The average age of the patients was 41.6 ± 7.1 years. The Pearsonʼs correlation coefficient showed that with regards to coping strategies, the only positive correlation existed with neuroticism (r = 0.502). The correlation was negative between neuroticism and physical (r = -0.284, p < 0.05) and mental health (r = - 0.289, p < 0.05), as well as between passive coping strategies and mental health (r = -0.358, p < 0.05), meaning that the patients with a higher level of neuroticism, and who relied on passive coping strategies, had a lower quality of life. Conclusion: This research showed the importance of personality traits and coping strategy assessment in patients with RR-type MS. Participation in cognitive-behavioral therapy, with emphasis on active coping strategies, can improve the quality of life in patients with MS.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are specific form of this element that has recently become the subject of numerous research, especially in the field of biomedicine. Several synthesis procedures for obtaining SeNPs have been developed so far, among those including reduction of selenium salts are the most frequently used. In this work, it is examined the effect of two stabilizing agents on morphology, size, and crystallinity of obtained SeNPs. For this purpose, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyglutamic acid (PGA) were used as stabilizing agents while reduction of sodium selenite with ascorbic acid was elected as a synthesis procedure. Based on the results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and measurements of zeta potential, it was determined that the mechanism of stabilization i.e. choice of stabilizing agent can promote different crystalline arrangement within SeNPs. The BSA proved as a more effective stabilizing agent for SeNPs, as it provides obtaining the smaller, more uniform, and amorphous nanoparticles.