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1. 100% renewable electricity in Japan

Author

Cheng, Cheng, Blakers, Andrew, Stocks, Matthew, and Lu, Bin

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Japan has committed to carbon neutrality by 2050. Emissions from the electricity sector amount to 42% of the total. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind comprise three quarters of global net capacity additions because of low and falling prices. This provides an opportunity for Japan to make large reductions in emissions while also reducing its dependence on energy imports. This study shows that Japan has 14 times more solar and offshore wind resources than needed to supply 100% renewable electricity. A 40 year hourly energy balance model is presented of Japan's electricity system using historical data. Pumped hydro energy storage, high voltage interconnection and dispatchable capacity (hydro, biomass and hydrogen energy) are included to balance variable generation and demand. Differential evolution is used to find the least-cost solution under various constraints. The levelized cost of electricity is found to be USD 86 per MWh for a PV-dominated system, and USD 110 per MWh for a wind-dominated system. These costs can be compared with the average system prices on the spot market in Japan of USD 102 per MWh. In summary, Japan can be self-sufficient for electricity supply at competitive costs.

Published
2021
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2. A zero-carbon, reliable and affordable energy future in Australia

Author

Lu, Bin, Blakers, Andrew, Stocks, Matthew, Cheng, Cheng, and Nadolny, Anna

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Australia has one of the highest per capita consumption of energy and emissions of greenhouse gases in the world. It is also the global leader in rapid per capita annual deployment of new solar and wind energy, which is causing the country's emissions to decline. Australia is located at low-moderate latitudes along with three quarters of the global population. These factors make the Australian experience globally significant. In this study, we model a fully decarbonised electricity system together with complete electrification of heating, transport and industry in Australia leading to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. An energy supply-demand balance is simulated based on long-term (10 years), high-resolution (half-hourly) meteorological and energy demand data. A significant feature of this model is that short-term off-river energy storage and distributed energy storage are utilised to support the large-scale integration of variable solar and wind energy. The results show that high levels of energy reliability and affordability can be effectively achieved through a synergy of flexible energy sources; interconnection of electricity grids over large areas; response from demand-side participation; and mass energy storage. This strategy represents a rapid and generic pathway towards zero-carbon energy futures within the Sunbelt., Comment: Here is a summary of the study: https://www.dropbox.com/s/uvd90goh80y9eda/Zero-carbon%20Australia.pdf?dl=0

Published
2020

24. Contributing to regional decarbonization: Australia's potential to supply zero-carbon commodities to the Asia-Pacific

Author

Burke, Paul, Beck, Fiona, Aisbett, Emma, Baldwin, Kenneth, Stocks, Matthew, Pye, John, Venkataraman, Mahesh, Hunt, Janet, Bai, Xuemei, Burke, Paul, Beck, Fiona, Aisbett, Emma, Baldwin, Kenneth, Stocks, Matthew, Pye, John, Venkataraman, Mahesh, Hunt, Janet, and Bai, Xuemei

Abstract

The Asia-Pacific has experienced prodigious growth in energy use and is by far the world's largest greenhouse-gas emitting region. Australia has played a leading role in meeting the region's energy and resource needs, becoming the world's largest exporter of coal, liquefied natural gas, iron ore, and alumina. Our analysis shows that these exports are tied to sizeable consequential emissions at the point of use or processing, accounting for about 8.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions of the Asia-Pacific. The paper investigates three pathways by which Australia could instead export zero-carbon energy and products: direct exports of renewable electricity via sub-sea cables, exports of zero-carbon fuels such as green hydrogen, and the export of “green” metals processed from Australian ores using renewable energy. Carrying out robust, high-level calculations we find that Australia has the land and renewable energy resources to become a key exporter of these commodities. Realization of this potential relies on ongoing cost reductions, growing demand-side interest linked to meeting ambitious emission reduction targets in the region, and the development of cross border frameworks for clean energy trade. If it were to achieve this goal, Australia could make a sizeable contribution to regional decarbonization via renewable-energy based exports.

Published
2022

34. High Efficiency Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Effect of Surface Coating versus Bulk Incorporation of 2D Perovskite

Author

Duong, The, primary, Pham, Huyen, additional, Kho, Teng Choon, additional, Phang, Pheng, additional, Fong, Kean Chern, additional, Yan, Di, additional, Yin, Yanting, additional, Peng, Jun, additional, Mahmud, Md Arafat, additional, Gharibzadeh, Saba, additional, Nejand, Bahram Abdollahi, additional, Hossain, Ihteaz M., additional, Khan, Motiur Rahman, additional, Mozaffari, Naeimeh, additional, Wu, YiLiang, additional, Shen, Heping, additional, Zheng, Jianghui, additional, Mai, Haoxin, additional, Liang, Wensheng, additional, Samundsett, Chris, additional, Stocks, Matthew, additional, McIntosh, Keith, additional, Andersson, Gunther G., additional, Lemmer, Uli, additional, Richards, Bryce S., additional, Paetzold, Ulrich W., additional, Ho‐Ballie, Anita, additional, Liu, Yun, additional, Macdonald, Daniel, additional, Blakers, Andrew, additional, Wong‐Leung, Jennifer, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Weber, Klaus, additional, and Catchpole, Kylie, additional

Published
2020
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36. Impact of Al Doping on Surface Passivation of TiOx on Si

Author

Liang, Wensheng, primary, Tong, Jingnan, additional, Narangari, Parvathala, additional, Armand, Stephane, additional, Kho, Teng Choon, additional, Ernst, Marco, additional, Walter, Daniel, additional, Surve, Sachin R., additional, McIntosh, Keith Reid, additional, Stocks, Matthew, additional, Weber, Klaus J., additional, Blakers, Andrew, additional, and Fong, Kean Chern, additional

Published
2020
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41. Recombination and trapping in nulticrystalline silicon

Author

Cuevas, Andres, Stocks, Matthew, Macdonald, Daniel, Kerr, Mark, and Samundsett, Chris

Subjects
Solar cells -- Testing, Silicon -- Electric properties, Silicon crystals -- Testing, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Research results are presented on the physical mechanisms of minority carrier trapping and recombination in multicrystalline silicon material. Testing methods included measured lifetime injection dependence and gettering experiments, which identified causes of impurities, crystallographic defects and volume recombination.

Published
1999

46. Exceptional silicon surface passivation by an ONO dielectric stack

Author

Kho, Teng Choon, primary, Fong, Kean, additional, McIntosh, Keith, additional, Franklin, Evan, additional, Grant, Nicholas, additional, Stocks, Matthew, additional, Phang, Sieu Pheng, additional, Wan, Yimao, additional, Wang, Er-Chien, additional, Vora, Kaushal, additional, Ngwe, Zin, additional, and Blakers, Andrew, additional

Published
2019
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47. miRCat2: Accurate prediction of plant and animal microRNAs from next-generation sequencing datasets

Author

Paicu, Claudia, Mohorianu, Irina, Stocks, Matthew, Xu, Ping, Coince, Aurore, Billmeier, Martina, Dalmay, Tamas, Moulton, Vincent, and Moxon, Simon

Subjects
MicroRNAs, Genetic Loci, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Entropy, Animals, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Plants, Genome Analysis, Original Papers, Algorithms, Software
Abstract

Motivation MicroRNAs are a class of ∼21–22 nt small RNAs which are excised from a stable hairpin-like secondary structure. They have important gene regulatory functions and are involved in many pathways including developmental timing, organogenesis and development in eukaryotes. There are several computational tools for miRNA detection from next-generation sequencing datasets. However, many of these tools suffer from high false positive and false negative rates. Here we present a novel miRNA prediction algorithm, miRCat2. miRCat2 incorporates a new entropy-based approach to detect miRNA loci, which is designed to cope with the high sequencing depth of current next-generation sequencing datasets. It has a user-friendly interface and produces graphical representations of the hairpin structure and plots depicting the alignment of sequences on the secondary structure. Results We test miRCat2 on a number of animal and plant datasets and present a comparative analysis with miRCat, miRDeep2, miRPlant and miReap. We also use mutants in the miRNA biogenesis pathway to evaluate the predictions of these tools. Results indicate that miRCat2 has an improved accuracy compared with other methods tested. Moreover, miRCat2 predicts several new miRNAs that are differentially expressed in wild-type versus mutants in the miRNA biogenesis pathway. Availability and Implementation miRCat2 is part of the UEA small RNA Workbench and is freely available from http://srna-workbench.cmp.uea.ac.uk/. Contact v.moulton@uea.ac.uk or s.moxon@uea.ac.uk Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Published
2017

48. Comprehensive processing of high-throughput small RNA sequencing data including quality checking, normalization, and differential expression analysis using the UEA sRNA Workbench

Author

Beckers, Matthew, Mohorianu, Irina, Stocks, Matthew, Applegate, Christopher, Dalmay, Tamas, and Moulton, Vincent

Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Bioinformatics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, RNA, Small Untranslated, Reproducibility of Results, Software, Workflow
Abstract

Recently, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revealed compelling details about the small RNA (sRNA) population in eukaryotes. These 20 to 25 nt noncoding RNAs can influence gene expression by acting as guides for the sequence-specific regulatory mechanism known as RNA silencing. The increase in sequencing depth and number of samples per project enables a better understanding of the role sRNAs play by facilitating the study of expression patterns. However, the intricacy of the biological hypotheses coupled with a lack of appropriate tools often leads to inadequate mining of the available data and thus, an incomplete description of the biological mechanisms involved. To enable a comprehensive study of differential expression in sRNA data sets, we present a new interactive pipeline that guides researchers through the various stages of data preprocessing and analysis. This includes various tools, some of which we specifically developed for sRNA analysis, for quality checking and normalization of sRNA samples as well as tools for the detection of differentially expressed sRNAs and identification of the resulting expression patterns. The pipeline is available within the UEA sRNA Workbench, a user-friendly software package for the processing of sRNA data sets. We demonstrate the use of the pipeline on a H. sapiens data set; additional examples on a B. terrestris data set and on an A. thaliana data set are described in the Supplemental Information. A comparison with existing approaches is also included, which exemplifies some of the issues that need to be addressed for sRNA analysis and how the new pipeline may be used to do this.

Published
2017

49. Deep, vertical etching for GaAs using inductively coupled plasma/reactive ion etching.

Author

Booker, Katherine, Mayon, Yahuitl Osorio, Jones, Christopher, Stocks, Matthew, and Blakers, Andrew

Subjects
ETCHING, AUDITING standards, NATURAL gas pipelines
Abstract

Deep etched structures in GaAs have many applications in optoelectronics and MEMS devices. These applications often require an anisotropic etch profile with smooth sidewalls as well as a high etch rate and high aspect ratio. Developing an etch process that demonstrates high selectivity for the etch mask is critical as etch times for deep grooves can be protracted due to the effect of RIE lag. In this work, the authors describe etching deep, vertical grooves in GaAs using Inductively Coupled Plasma/Reactive Ion Etching. The effects of RF power, pressure, and gas composition on mask selectivity, etch rate, and anisotropy are discussed. Using a SiO2 etch mask and Cl2 as the main etchant gas, grooves with a vertical sidewall and depths of >120 μm (aspect ratio of 9) have been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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