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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução de atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de um solo hidromórfico sob sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, no bioma Pampa. O estudo foi desenvolvido em área experimental manejada com sistema plantio direto desde 2006, no Município de Capão do Leão, RS, em um Planossolo Háplico eutrófico típico. Três áreas foram utilizadas, com os seguintes tipos de manejo: área de lavoura sem pastejo; área de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), com soja e milho alternados em sucessão à pastagem de inverno; e campo nativo pastejado. As coletas de solo foram realizadas em duas épocas, em todas as áreas, às camadas de 0,00?0,05, 0,05?0,10 e 0,10?0,20 m profundidade, para análises dos seguintes atributos do solo: físicos, macroporosidade, microporosidade e densidade; químicos, carbono orgânico total, nitrogênio total e relação carbono/nitrogênio; e biológicos, diversidade e abundância da macrofauna edáfica. Na área com pastejo, a macroporosidade aumentou ao longo do tempo. A densidade do solo diminuiu na camada 0,00?0,05 m, enquanto o carbono orgânico total aumentou na camada de 0,10?0,20 m, em todas as áreas. O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária favorece a abundância e a diversidade da fauna edáfica do solo. Título em inglês: Evolution of physical, chemical, and biological attributes of hydromorphic soil under crop-livestock integration systems in the Pampa biome.

The absence of phytoestrogens in the diet during pregnancy has been reported to result in obesity later in adulthood. We investigated whether phytoestrogen withdrawal in adult life could alter the hypothalamic signals that regulate food intake and affect body weight and glucose homeostasis. Male Wistar rats fed from conception to adulthood with a high phytoestrogen diet were submitted to phytoestrogen withdrawal by feeding a low phytoestrogen diet, or a high phytoestrogen-high fat diet. Withdrawal of dietary phytoestrogens increased body weight, adiposity and energy intake through an orexigenic hypothalamic response characterized by upregulation of AGRP and downregulation of POMC. This was associated with elevated leptin and T4, reduced TSH, testosterone and estradiol, and diminished hypothalamic ERα expression, concomitant with alterations in glucose tolerance. Removing dietary phytoestrogens caused manifestations of obesity and diabetes that were more pronounced than those induced by the high phytoestrogen-high fat diet intake.

Expression of VCAM-1 was compared with that of E-selectin in cytokine-induced lesions and in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in pig skin. Lumenally expressed Ags were quantified by measuring localization in skin of i.v. injected (111)In-mAb 10.2C7 (anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (anti-VCAM-1), (125)I-mAb 1.2B6 (anti-E-selectin), and (99m)Tc-MOPC21 (control IgG1). Anti-VCAM-1 mAb uptake was greater following intradermal (i.d.) injection of TNF-alpha than following injection of IL-1, while the two cytokines induced similar uptake of anti-E-selectin. In immunologically naive pigs there was no detectable increase in anti-VCAM-1 after i.d. injection of PPD, although anti-E-selectin uptake was increased at 3 and 6 h. In contrast, i.d. injection of PPD in sensitized pigs led to increased uptake of both anti-VCAM-1 and anti-E-selectin at 6, 8, 24, and 48 h, each of which was significantly greater than the uptake of control IgG1 into the same lesions (each p < 0.01). Anti-TNF-alpha mAb abolished the increased uptake of anti-VCAM-1 3 and 8 h following i.d. injection of PPD in sensitized pigs and significantly inhibited uptake at 24 h (p = 0.0025), but did not significantly reduce uptake of anti-E-selectin. We conclude that in this delayed-type hypersensitivity model 1) E-selectin expression by endothelial cells follows sequential Ag nonspecific and immune-specific phases, 2) increased VCAM-1 expression by endothelial cells is only seen in sensitized animals, and 3) expression of VCAM-1 appears to be relatively more dependent on TNF-alpha than E-selectin. Differential expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 may influence the leukocytic infiltrate during the course of nonspecific and immune-specific inflammatory reactions.