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8. A proposal for a coordinated effort for the determination of brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity in model organisms at a mesoscopic scale

Author

Bohland, Jason W., Wu, Caizhi, Barbas, Helen, Bokil, Hemant, Bota, Mihail, Breiter, Hans C., Cline, Hollis T., Doyle, John C., Freed, Peter J., Greenspan, Ralph J., Haber, Suzanne N., Hawrylycz, Michael, Herrera, Daniel G., Hilgetag, Claus C., Huang, Z. Josh, Jones, Allan, Jones, Edward G., Karten, Harvey J., Kleinfeld, David, Kotter, Rolf, Lester, Henry A., Lin, John M., Mensh, Brett D., Mikula, Shawn, Panksepp, Jaak, Price, Joseph L., Safdieh, Joseph, Saper, Clifford B., Schiff, Nicholas D., Schmahmann, Jeremy D., Stillman, Bruce W., Svoboda, Karel, Swanson, Larry W., Toga, Arthur W., Van Essen, David C., Watson, James D., and Mitra, Partha P.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

In this era of complete genomes, our knowledge of neuroanatomical circuitry remains surprisingly sparse. Such knowledge is however critical both for basic and clinical research into brain function. Here we advocate for a concerted effort to fill this gap, through systematic, experimental mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale of resolution suitable for comprehensive, brain-wide coverage, using injections of tracers or viral vectors. We detail the scientific and medical rationale and briefly review existing knowledge and experimental techniques. We define a set of desiderata, including brain-wide coverage; validated and extensible experimental techniques suitable for standardization and automation; centralized, open access data repository; compatibility with existing resources, and tractability with current informatics technology. We discuss a hypothetical but tractable plan for mouse, additional efforts for the macaque, and technique development for human. We estimate that the mouse connectivity project could be completed within five years with a comparatively modest budget., Comment: 41 pages

Published
2009
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9. Establishing a biochemical understanding of the initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria.

Author

Stillman, Bruce

Subjects
*CHROMOSOME replication, *BACTERIAL chromosomes, *NOBEL Prize in Physiology or Medicine, *BACTERIAL DNA, *DNA polymerases
Abstract

In the mid-1950s, Arthur Kornberg elucidated the enzymatic synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase, for which he was recognized with the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He then identified many of the proteins that cooperate with DNA polymerase to replicate duplex DNA of small bacteriophages. However, one major unanswered problem was understanding the mechanism and control of the initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria. In a seminal paper in 1981, Fuller, Kaguni, and Kornberg reported the development of a cell-free enzyme system that could replicate DNA that was dependent on the bacterial origin of DNA replication, oriC. This advance opened the door to a flurry of discoveries and important papers that elucidated the process and control of initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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