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1. Effects of frequency on gross efficiency and performance in roller ski skating

Author

Stig Leirdal, Øyvind Sandbakk, and Gertjan Ettema

Subjects
Cross country, Statistics, Metabolic rate, Blood lactate, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Treadmill, Gross efficiency, Mathematics, Power (physics)
Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of frequency on efficiency and performance during G3 roller ski skating. Eight well-trained male cross-country skiers performed three submaximal 5-min speeds (10, 13, and 16 km/h) and a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) performance (at 20 km/h) using the G3 skating technique using freely chosen, high, and low frequency at all four speeds. All tests were done using roller skis on a large treadmill at 5% incline. Gross efficiency (GE) was calculated as power divided by metabolic rate. Power was calculated as the sum of power against frictional forces and power against gravity. Metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption and blood lactate concentration. Freely chosen frequency increased from 60 to 70 strokes/min as speed increased from 10 to 20 km/h. GE increased with power. At high power (20 km/h performance test), both efficiency and performance were significantly reduced by high frequency. In regard to choice of frequency during G3 roller ski skating, cross-country skiers seems to be self-optimized both in relation to energy saving (efficiency) and performance (TTE).

Published
2011

2. Pedaling Technique and Energy Cost in Cycling

Author

Stig Leirdal and Gertjan Ettema

Subjects
Adult, Male, Materials science, Adolescent, Effective force, Analytical chemistry, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Efficiency, Energy consumption, Athletic Performance, Bicycling, Power (physics), Young Adult, Oxygen Consumption, Fictitious force, Energy cost, Humans, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Energy Metabolism, Cadence, Cycling, Gross efficiency, Monitoring, Physiologic
Abstract

Purpose: Because cycling is an extreme endurance sport, energy saving and therefore efficiency is of importance for performance. It is generally believed that gross efficiency (GE) is affected by pedaling technique. A measurement of pedaling technique has traditionally been done using force effectiveness ratio (FE; ratio of effective force and total force). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship among GE, FE, and a new technique parameter, dead center (DC) size in competitive cyclists. Method: Twenty-one competitive cyclists cycled for 10 min at approximately 80% V?O2max at a freely chosen cadence (FCC). GE, FE ratio, and DC size were calculated from oxygen consumption and propulsive force recordings. Results: Mean work rate was 279 W, mean FCC was 93.1 rpm, and mean GE was 21.7%. FE was 0.47 and 0.79 after correction for inertial forces; DC was 27.3% and 25.7%, respectively. DC size correlated better with GE (r = 0.75) than with the FE ratio (r = 0.50). Multiple regressions revealed that DC sizewas the only significant (P = 0.001) predictor for GE. Interestingly, DC size and FE ratio did not correlate with each other. Conclusions: DC size is a pedaling technique parameter that is closely related to energy consumption. To generate power evenly around the whole pedal, revolution may be an important energy-saving trait

Published
2011

3. The relationship between cadence, pedalling technique and gross efficiency in cycling

Author

Stig Leirdal and Gertjan Ettema

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, Cadence, Physiology, Within person, Physical Exertion, Posture, Efficiency, Work rate, Young Adult, Oxygen Consumption, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Inclined, Gross efficiency, Strongly coupled, Pedalling, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Mechanics, Bicycling, Energy expenditure, Physical therapy, Level, Exercise Test, Body orientation, Technique, Original Article, Cycling, Energy Metabolism, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract

Technique and energy saving are two variables often considered as important for performance in cycling and related to each other. Theoretically, excellent pedalling technique should give high gross efficiency (GE). The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between pedalling technique and GE. 10 well-trained cyclists were measured for GE, force effectiveness (FE) and dead centre size (DC) at a work rate corresponding to ~75% of VO2max during level and inclined cycling, seat adjusted forward and backward, at three different cadences around their own freely chosen cadence (FCC) on an ergometer. Within subjects, FE, DC and GE decreased as cadence increased (p

Published
2011

4. Metabolic rate and gross efficiency at high work rates in world class and national level sprint skiers

Author

Stig Leirdal, Gertjan Ettema, Øyvind Sandbakk, and Hans-Christer Holmberg

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Physiology, Video Recording, Work rate, Young Adult, Oxygen Consumption, Animal science, Skiing, Physiology (medical), Task Performance and Analysis, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, National level, Muscle Strength, Roller skiing, Treadmill, Muscle, Skeletal, Mathematics, Work (physics), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, VO2 max, Calorimetry, Indirect, General Medicine, Biomechanical Phenomena, Sprint, Muscle Fatigue, Physical Endurance, Energy Metabolism, Anaerobic exercise, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The present study investigated metabolic rate (MR) and gross efficiency (GE) at moderate and high work rates, and the relationships to gross kinematics and physical characteristics in elite cross-country skiers. Eight world class (WC) and eight national level (NL) male sprint cross-country skiers performed three 5-min stages using the skating G3 technique, whilst roller skiing on a treadmill. GE was calculated by dividing work rate by MR. Work rate was calculated as the sum of power against gravity and frictional rolling forces. MR was calculated using gas exchange and blood lactate values. Gross kinematics, i.e. cycle length (CL) and cycle rate (CR) were measured by video analysis. Furthermore, the skiers were tested for time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and maximal speed (V max) on the treadmill, and maximal strength in the laboratory. Individual performance level in sprint skating was determined by FIS points. WC skiers did not differ in aerobic MR, but showed lower anaerobic MR and higher GE than NL skiers at a given speed (all P

Published
2010

5. Freely chosen pedal rate during free cycling on a roller and ergometer cycling

Author

Gertjan Ettema and Stig Leirdal

Subjects
Adult, Male, Volition, Physiology, Physical Exertion, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Human physiology, Work rate, Metabolic cost, Bicycling, Oxygen Consumption, Physiology (medical), Statistics, Exercise Test, Humans, Constant work rate, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Cycling, Cadence, Gross efficiency, Psychomotor Performance, Mathematics
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regulation of work rate, computer controlled versus controlled by the subject, on the relationship between work rate, freely chosen pedal rate (FCC) and gross efficiency. Eighteen male cyclists participated in the study. One group, freely cycling (FC) on a competition bike mounted on an electromagnetic roller, could use gearing and cadence to achieve each work rate. The other group (EC) was cycling on an ergometer which enables a constant work rate, independent of cadence. Subjects performed an increasing work rate protocol from 100 W up to exhaustion. We found a strong interaction between group and work rate on cadence (P < 0.001). In the FC group, work rate affected cadence (P < 0.001), increasing from 72 rpm at 100 W to 106 rpm at 350 W. For the EC group, no work rate effect was present (average FCC 92 rpm). Gross efficiency increased with work rate for both groups. The efficiency-cadence relationship was strongly affected by the protocol. At a given work rate, very similar efficiency values were obtained at highly different cadences. The discrepancy in the FCC-work rate relationship between the EC group and the FC group may be related to the manner in which one can regulate work rate. FCC depends not only on work rate but is also affected considerably by the manner in which the work rate can be controlled by cadence. This finding may have important implications for the interpretation of the preferred pedaling rate, especially how this is related to optimizing metabolic cost.

Published
2009

6. The effects of cycling cadence on the phases of joint power, crank power, force and force effectiveness

Author

Håvard Lorås, Stig Leirdal, and Gertjan Ettema

Subjects
Adult, Male, Physical Exertion, Biophysics, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Phase (waves), Inverse dynamics, Sine wave, Control theory, Task Performance and Analysis, Humans, Torque, Muscle, Skeletal, Joint (geology), Mathematics, Crank, Mathematical analysis, Adaptation, Physiological, Bicycling, Power (physics), Energy Transfer, Exercise Test, Neurology (clinical), Cadence, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

We examined the influence of cadence in cycling technique by quantifying phase relationships for a number of important variables at the crank and lower extremity joints. Any difference in the effect of cadence on force, effectiveness, and power phases would indicate an essential change in coordination pattern. Cycle kinetics was recorded for 10 male competitive cyclists at five cadences (60-100 rpm) at submaximal load (260 W). Joint powers were calculated using inverse dynamics methods. All data were expressed as a function of crank position. The phase of the crank mechanical profiles (total force, crank and joint power, and effectiveness) was calculated using four methods: crank angle of maximum (MA) and minimum (MI), fitting a sine wave (SI) and by cross-correlation (XC). These methods, apart from the MA method, showed the same relative phase. The variables, however, showed different phases being expressed as time lag: force effectiveness: 0.131 (+/-0.034)s; total force: 0.149 (+/-0.021)s; power: 0.098 (+/-0.027)s. The phases in joint powers hip 0.071 (+/-0.008), knee 0.082 (+/-0.009), and hip 0.077 (+/-0.012) were only well described by XC, and were somewhat lower than the crank power phase. These differences indicate the potential effect of inertia of the lower limb in phase shifts from joints to crank. Furthermore, the differences between the various crank variables indicate a change of technique with cadence.

Published
2009

7. Coordination Specificity in Strength and Power Training

Author

Stig Leirdal, G Ettema, and K Roeleveld

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, Movement, education, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Squat, Athletic Performance, Plantar flexion, Vertical jump, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Training period, Physical Education and Training, Training (meteorology), Vertical jumping, medicine.anatomical_structure, Training study, Physical therapy, Female, Ankle, Psychology, Ankle Joint
Abstract

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specificity of inter-joint coordination in power training improves training effects. We compared two different training regimes, one with and one without the possibility to exploit the coordination between knee and ankle, on performance and coordination in maximal vertical jumping and explosive squat movements. 22 subjects were divided into two groups for a 5-week training study. One group (Tsingle) trained squats (SQ) and plantar flexions (PL) in separate activities and the other group (Tmulti) trained squats ending with plantar flexion in one movement (SQPL), three times a week. Both groups increased their peak power during training movements between 2 - 15 % (depending on the training movement) but there were no group effects. There were no effects on vertical jumping performance. However, our data indicate different coordinative changes between groups in the vertical jump after the training period. The group specific training movements resulted in an increased power potential that is shown in the training movements themselves but did not transfer to an increased vertical jump performance in either group. However, some training movement specific coordination effects were seen during vertical jumping. In this study, these coordinative changes are specific to the training groups and may be a forerunner to improvements in vertical jumping.

Published
2008

8. Effects of Body Position on Slide Boarding Performance by Cross-Country Skiers

Author

Karin Roeleveld, Sveinung Løset, Stig Leirdal, Lars Roar Sætran, Steinar Bråten, Gertjan Ettema, Andreas Holtermann, and Beatrix Vereijken

Subjects
Adult, Male, Analysis of Variance, Physical Education and Training, Cross country, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Posture, Body position, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kinematics, Oxygen Consumption, Sprint, Skiing, Control theory, Position (vector), Physical Endurance, Blood lactate, Humans, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Power output, Lead (electronics), Mathematics
Abstract

Purpose: In this study, we examined the effects of body position (from deep to high position) in slide boarding by well-trained cross-country skiers. The main hypothesis was that a deeper, more "crouched" position would lead to reduced air resistance and enhanced power production during explosive extension of the lower limbs, and thereby to an increased performance, even though the upper extremity may not be used for poling in this deep position. Methods: Measurements (air resistance in a wind tunnel, power output, kinematics, gas exchange, and blood lactate levels) were performed during a 30-s maximal test and a 3-min maximal test performing (imitation) ski-skating movements on a sliding board at three different body positions (high, moderate, and deep). Results: Our findings indicate that a deep position enhances power production by 24% and reduces air resistance by 30% for the 30-s maximal test. Power production did not increase in the 3-min test, but lactate levels after exercise were increased in the deep position. Calculated efficiency was not affected by body position. Conclusion: The current results indicate that for a short duration, the deeper sit provides sufficient advantages that it may prove useful to apply such a position in sprint ski-skating, even though the use of the upper extremities in poling will be strongly hampered.

Published
2006

9. The physiological and biomechanical differences between double poling and G3 skating in world class cross-country skiers

Author

Gertjan Ettema, Øyvind Sandbakk, and Stig Leirdal

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cross country, Physiology, Cycle rate, Poling, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Human physiology, World class, Biomechanical Phenomena, Oxygen Consumption, Energy expenditure, Skiing, Physiology (medical), Economics, Blood lactate, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Demographic economics, Cycle length
Abstract

The current study compared differences in cycle characteristics, energy expenditure and peak speed between double poling (DP) and G3 skating.Eight world class male sprint skiers performed a 5-min submaximal test at 16 km h(-1) and an incremental test to exhaustion at a 5% incline during treadmill roller skiing with two different techniques: DP where all propulsion comes from poling, and G3 skating where leg skating is added to each double poling movement. Video analyses determined cycle characteristics; respiratory parameters and blood lactate concentration determined the physiological responses.G3 skating resulted in 16% longer cycle lengths at 16% lower cycle rates, whereas oxygen uptake was independent of technique during submaximal roller skiing. The corresponding advantages for G3 skating during maximal roller skiing were reflected in 14% higher speed, 30% longer cycle length at 16% lower cycle rate and 11% higher peak oxygen uptake (all p0.05).Compared to DP approximately 14% higher speed was achieved when leg push-offs were added in G3 skating. This was done by major increases in cycle lengths at slightly lower cycle rates and a higher aerobic energy delivery. However, the oxygen uptake for a given submaximal speed was not affected by technique although higher cycle rate was used in DP.

Published
2014

10. Low cadence interval training at moderate intensity does not improve cycling performance in highly trained veteran cyclists

Author

Morten Kristoffersen, Hilde Gundersen, Stig Leirdal, and Vegard Vereide Iversen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, low-cadence, Physiology, Interval training, lcsh:Physiology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Physiology (medical), Heart rate, medicine, Original Research Article, interval training, Aerobic capacity, endurance, lcsh:QP1-981, business.industry, Lactate threshold, cycling performance, VO2 max, Intensity (physics), efficiency, Physical therapy, Cadence, business, human activities, Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Samfunnsvitenskapelige idrettsfag: 330 [VDP], Revolutions per minute
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of low cadence training at moderate intensity on aerobic capacity, cycling performance, gross efficiency, freely chosen cadence, and leg strength in veteran cyclists. Method: Twenty-two well trained veteran cyclists [age: 47 ± 6 years, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 57.9 ± 3.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1] were randomized into two groups, a low cadence training group and a freely chose cadence training group. Respiratory variables, power output, cadence and leg strength were tested before and after a 12 weeks training intervention period. The low cadence training group performed 12 weeks of moderate [73–82% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)] interval training (5 × 6 min) with a cadence of 40 revolutions per min (rpm) two times a week, in addition to their usual training. The freely chosen cadence group added 90 min of training at freely chosen cadence at moderate intensity. Results: No significant effects of the low cadence training on aerobic capacity, cycling performance, power output, cadence, gross efficiency, or leg strength was found. The freely chosen cadence group significantly improved both VO2max (58.9 ± 2.4 vs. 62.2 ± 3.2 ml · kg−1 · min−1), VO2 consumption at lactate threshold (49.4 ± 3.8 vs. 51.8 ± 3.5 ml · kg−1 · min−1) and during the 30 min performance test (52.8 ± 3.0 vs. 54.7 ± 3.5 ml · kg−1 · min−1), and power output at lactate threshold (284 ± 47 vs. 294 ± 48 W) and during the 30 min performance test (284 ± 42 vs. 297 ± 50 W). Moreover, a significant difference was seen when comparing the change in freely chosen cadence from pre- to post between the groups during the 30 min performance test (2.4 ± 5.0 vs. −2.7 ± 6.2). Conclusion: Twelve weeks of low cadence (40 rpm) interval training at moderate intensity (73–82% of HRmax) twice a week does not improve aerobic capacity, cycling performance or leg strength in highly trained veteran cyclists. However, adding training at same intensity (% of HRmax) and duration (90 min weekly) at freely chosen cadence seems beneficial for performance and physiological adaptations.

Published
2014

11. [Public health compromise]

Author

Vidar Hammer, Brattli, Knut Lyng, Hansen, and Stig, Leirdal

Subjects
Health Status, Humans, Public Health, Exercise
Published
2013

12. Cation

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

13. Creatine Kinase

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

14. Cancer Survivorship

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

15. Composition of the Human Body

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

16. Carbohydrate Loading

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

17. Concussion

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

18. Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

19. Congenital Coagulopathy

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

20. Complex Systems

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

21. Children Competition Sport

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

22. Cardiac Rehab

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

23. Cooperativity

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

24. Cardiac Rehabilitation

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

25. Cardiac Output (Q)

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

26. Calmodulin

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

27. Citric Acid Cycle

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

28. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

29. Caspase

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

30. Chronotropic Incompetence

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

31. Complex Training

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

32. Cognitive Aging

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

33. Cerebral Autoregulation

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

34. Cognition

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

35. Clinical Population

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

36. Chemokines

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

37. Cerebral Palsy

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

38. Catecholamines

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

39. COPD

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

40. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

41. Critical Power (CP)

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

42. Changes in Brain Capabilities

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

43. Cortical Silent Period

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

44. Cerebral Infarct

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

45. Cancer Cachexia

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

46. CVA

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

47. Capillary Hematocrit

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

48. Channellopathy

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

49. Cell Suicide

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

50. Caffeine

Author

Jayne M. Kalmar, Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, Fiorenzo Gaita, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Ole Johan Kemi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Nicola Maffulli, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Filippo Spiezia, Vincenzo Denaro, B. Hands, A. R. Koczulla, K. Kenn, R. Bals, C. Franz Vogelmeier, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Hannu Rintamäki, Paul Donkelaar, Louis R. Osternig, Li-Shan Chou, George Giannakoulas, Sophia-Anastasia Mouratoglou, Haralambos Karvounis, Keith Davids, Duarte Araújo, Chris Button, Claudia Walther, Louise Deldicque, Marc Francaux, Gertjan Ettema, Stig Leirdal, Blakeslee E. Noyes, and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Published
2012

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