Marc Humblet, Bryan C Lougheed, William G. Thompson, Hironobu Kan, Helen McGregor, Donald C. Potts, Juan C. Braga, Stephen P Obrochta, Raphaël Bourillot, Jody M. Webster, Alexander L. Thomas, Yasufumi Iryu, Kazuhiko Fujita, Tezer M. Esat, Gustavo Hinestrosa, Stewart Fallon, Yusuke Yokoyama, The University of Sydney, Geocoastal Research group, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Nagoya University, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Tohoku University [Sendai], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Géoressources et environnement, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Ecole National Supérieur Environnement, Géoresources, Ingénierie du Développement Durable (ENSEGID), Australian National University (ANU), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), University of Edinburgh, Kyushu University, University of Wollongong [Australia], Akita University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We thank the IODP and ECORD (European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling) .Financial support was provided by the Australian Research Council (grant no. DP1094001 and no. FT140100286), ANZIC, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux and KAKENHI (no. 25247083)., Universidad de Granada (UGR), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Kyushu University [Fukuoka], and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
International audience; Previous drilling through submerged fossil coral reefs has greatly improved our understanding of the general pattern of sea-level change since the Last Glacial Maximum, however, how reefs responded to these changes remains uncertain. Here we document the evolution of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the world’s largest reef system, to major, abrupt environmental changes over the past 30 thousand years based on comprehensive sedimentological, biological and geochronological records from fossil reef cores. We show that reefs migrated seaward as sea level fell to its lowest level during the most recent glaciation (~20.5–20.7 thousand years ago (ka)), then landward as the shelf flooded and ocean temperatures increased during the subsequent deglacial period (~20–10 ka). Growth was interrupted by five reef-death events caused by subaerial exposure or sea-level rise outpacing reef growth. Around 10 ka, the reef drowned as the sea level continued to rise, flooding more of the shelf and causing a higher sediment flux. The GBR’s capacity for rapid lateral migration at rates of 0.2–1.5 m yr$^{−1}$ (and the ability to recruit locally) suggest that, as an ecosystem, the GBR has been more resilient to past sea-level and temperature fluctuations than previously thought, but it has been highly sensitive to increased sediment input over centennial–millennial timescales.