16 results on '"Stewart, Brittany P."'
Search Results
2. UCYN-A/haptophyte symbioses dominate N2 fixation in the Southern California Current System.
- Author
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Turk-Kubo, Kendra A, Mills, Matthew M, Arrigo, Kevin R, van Dijken, Gert, Henke, Britt A, Stewart, Brittany, Wilson, Samuel T, and Zehr, Jonathan P
- Abstract
The availability of fixed nitrogen (N) is an important factor limiting biological productivity in the oceans. In coastal waters, high dissolved inorganic N concentrations were historically thought to inhibit dinitrogen (N2) fixation, however, recent N2 fixation measurements and the presence of the N2-fixing UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis in nearshore waters challenge this paradigm. We characterized the contribution of UCYN-A symbioses to nearshore N2 fixation in the Southern California Current System (SCCS) by measuring bulk community and single-cell N2 fixation rates, as well as diazotroph community composition and abundance. UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 symbioses dominated diazotroph communities throughout the region during upwelling and oceanic seasons. Bulk N2 fixation was detected in most surface samples, with rates up to 23.0 ± 3.8 nmol N l-1 d-1, and was often detected at the deep chlorophyll maximum in the presence of nitrate (>1 µM). UCYN-A2 symbiosis N2 fixation rates were higher (151.1 ± 112.7 fmol N cell-1 d-1) than the UCYN-A1 symbiosis (6.6 ± 8.8 fmol N cell-1 d-1). N2 fixation by the UCYN-A1 symbiosis accounted for a majority of the measured bulk rates at two offshore stations, while the UCYN-A2 symbiosis was an important contributor in three nearshore stations. This report of active UCYN-A symbioses and broad mesoscale distribution patterns establishes UCYN-A symbioses as the dominant diazotrophs in the SCCS, where heterocyst-forming and unicellular cyanobacteria are less prevalent, and provides evidence that the two dominant UCYN-A sublineages are separate ecotypes.
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- 2021
3. Latitudinal constraints on the abundance and activity of the cyanobacterium UCYN‐A and other marine diazotrophs in the North Pacific
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Gradoville, Mary R, Farnelid, Hanna, White, Angelicque E, Turk‐Kubo, Kendra A, Stewart, Brittany, Ribalet, François, Ferrón, Sara, Pinedo‐Gonzalez, Paulina, Armbrust, E Virginia, Karl, David M, John, Seth, and Zehr, Jonathan P
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Life Below Water ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology - Abstract
The number of marine environments known to harbor dinitrogen (N2)-fixing (diazotrophic) microorganisms is increasing, prompting a reassessment of the biogeography of marine diazotrophs and N2 fixation rates (NFRs). Here, we investigate the diversity, abundance, and activity of diazotrophic microorganisms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), a diazotrophic habitat, and the North Pacific Transition Zone (NPTZ), a region characterized by strong physical, chemical, and biological gradients. Samples were collected on two springtime meridional cruises during 2016 and 2017, spanning from 23.5°N to 41.4°N along 158°W. We observed an abrupt decrease in diazotrophic abundances near the southern edge of the NPTZ, which coincided with a salinity front and with a ∼10-fold increase in Synechococcus abundance, but without a concomitant change in phosphate or nitrate concentrations. In NPSG waters south of this diazotrophic boundary, nifH genes and NFRs were consistently detected and diazotrophic communities were dominated by UCYN-A, an uncultivated, symbiotic cyanobacterium (2.8 × 103 to 1.0 × 106 nifH gene copies L−1). There was a significant positive relationship between quantitative polymerase chain reaction-derived UCYN-A nifH gene abundances and community NFRs in the NPSG, suggesting a large contribution of UCYN-A to community NFRs. In the NPTZ waters to the north, NFRs were low or undetected and nifH genes were rare, with the few detected sequences represented by UCYN-A and noncyanobacterial diazotrophs. The patterns we observed in UCYN-A abundance in the context of local biogeochemistry suggest that the environmental controls of this organism may differ from those of cultivated marine cyanobacterial diazotrophs.
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- 2020
4. Discovery of several thousand highly diverse circular DNA viruses
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Tisza, Michael J, Pastrana, Diana V, Welch, Nicole L, Stewart, Brittany, Peretti, Alberto, Starrett, Gabriel J, Pang, Yuk-Ying S, Krishnamurthy, Siddharth R, Pesavento, Patricia A, McDermott, David H, Murphy, Philip M, Whited, Jessica L, Miller, Bess, Brenchley, Jason, Rosshart, Stephan P, Rehermann, Barbara, Doorbar, John, Ta'ala, Blake A, Pletnikova, Olga, Troncoso, Juan C, Resnick, Susan M, Bolduc, Ben, Sullivan, Matthew B, Varsani, Arvind, Segall, Anca M, and Buck, Christopher B
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Biotechnology ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Animals ,Capsid Proteins ,DNA Virus Infections ,DNA Viruses ,DNA ,Circular ,DNA ,Viral ,Genome ,Viral ,Humans ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Software ,evolutionary biology ,infectious disease ,metagenomics ,microbiology ,microbiome ,viral evolution ,virus ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Although millions of distinct virus species likely exist, only approximately 9000 are catalogued in GenBank's RefSeq database. We selectively enriched for the genomes of circular DNA viruses in over 70 animal samples, ranging from nematodes to human tissue specimens. A bioinformatics pipeline, Cenote-Taker, was developed to automatically annotate over 2500 complete genomes in a GenBank-compliant format. The new genomes belong to dozens of established and emerging viral families. Some appear to be the result of previously undescribed recombination events between ssDNA and ssRNA viruses. In addition, hundreds of circular DNA elements that do not encode any discernable similarities to previously characterized sequences were identified. To characterize these 'dark matter' sequences, we used an artificial neural network to identify candidate viral capsid proteins, several of which formed virus-like particles when expressed in culture. These data further the understanding of viral sequence diversity and allow for high throughput documentation of the virosphere.
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- 2020
5. Physiology governing diatom vs. dinoflagellate bloom and decline in coastal Santa Monica Bay
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Ollison, Gerid A., primary, Hu, Sarah K., additional, Hopper, Julie V., additional, Stewart, Brittany P., additional, Beatty, Jennifer L., additional, and Caron, David A., additional
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- 2023
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6. pUdOs: Concise Plasmids for Bacterial and Mammalian Cells.
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Manigat, France O., Connell, Louise B., Stewart, Brittany N., LePabic, Abdel-Rahman, Tessier, Christian J. G., Emlaw, Johnathon R., Calvert, Nicholas D., Rössl, Anthony, Shuhendler, Adam J., daCosta, Corrie J. B., and Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier
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- 2024
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7. An Unmet Need Meets an Untapped Resource: Pharmacist-Led Pathways for Hypertension Management for Emergency Department Patients
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Stewart, Brittany, Brody, Aaron, Krishnan, Abhinav C., Brown, Sara K., and Levy, Phillip D.
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- 2019
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8. Daily dynamics of contrasting spring algal blooms in Santa Monica Bay (central Southern California Bight)
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Ollison, Gerid A., primary, Hu, Sarah K., additional, Hopper, Julie V., additional, Stewart, Brittany P., additional, Smith, Jayme, additional, Beatty, Jennifer L., additional, Rink, Laura K., additional, and Caron, David A., additional
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- 2022
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9. Comparison of student pharmacists' performance on in-person vs. virtual OSCEs in a pre-APPE capstone course.
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Gortney, Justine S., Fava, Joseph P., Berti, Andrew D., and Stewart, Brittany
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Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs,) provided in-person or virtually, assess student pharmacist readiness for advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it was necessary for many educators to design and implement virtual OSCEs (vOSCEs). Impact on student performance utilizing in-person vs. vOSCE has not been well evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference existed in student performance when comparing in-person vs. vOSCE in a third year (P3) pharmacy pre-APPE capstone course. In winter 2019, four in-person OSCE stations were designed and implemented in a pre-APPE P3 capstone course. In winter 2021, the same four stations were transitioned into vOSCE stations. Assessment (summative) data from similar student cohorts from OSCE 2019 were compared vOSCE 2021 stations using Mann-Whitney U test. There was no meaningful difference found when comparing student performance on in-person OSCE vs. vOSCE. There was no significant difference for the number of students offered remediation. For most stations, performance improved from formative to summative assessments. Providing vOSCEs to assess students' skills in a pre-APPE P3 capstone course is a reasonable alternative to in-person OSCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Muscovy Ducks, Wild Turkeys, and Chickens in Brazil.
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Caleiro, Giovana S., Nunes, Cristina F., Urbano, Paulo R., Kirchgatter, Karin, de Araujo, Jansen, Durigon, Edison Luiz, Thomazelli, Luciano M., Stewart, Brittany M., Edwards, Dustin C., and Romano, Camila M.
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Reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REVs) are known to cause immunosuppressive and oncogenic disease that affects numerous avian species. Reticuloendotheliosis viruses are present worldwide and recently have been reported in South America with cases of infected commercial flocks in Argentina. We surveyed for the presence of REV in birds from a state in the northern region of Brazil using real-time PCR. We report here the presence of REV in Brazil, detected in Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata), Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), and chickens (Gallus gallus) at a relatively high prevalence (16.8%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship of these strains to variants in the US. This study provides evidence of REV in the Amazon biome and provides a baseline for future surveillance of the virus in the region and throughout Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Survey of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Texas, USA.
- Author
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Stewart, Brittany, Trautman, Camille, Cox, Faith, Spann, Heidi, Hardin, Jason, Dittmar, Robert, and Edwards, Dustin
- Abstract
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an immunosuppressive and sometimes oncogenic avian retrovirus that establishes lifelong infection in a wide range of avian species. REV-infected wild birds roaming near at-risk captive flocks, such as is the case for the highly endangered Attwater's Prairie Chicken (APC; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), could act as a reservoir for viral transmission. In wild birds, prevalence rates of REV are low and appearance of associated disease is uncommon. During 2016–17, nearly half of all captive adult APC mortality at Fossil Rim Wildlife Center captive breeding facility in Glen Rose, Texas, US was attributed to REV infection. The unusually high REV prevalence rate prompted us to survey for this virus in wild galliforms throughout the region. From 2016–17, 393 blood samples collected from two subspecies of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were tested for REV proviral DNA through amplification of the viral 3′ long terminal repeat and segments of the viral pol gene. In REV-affected counties, 5% (5/98) of native Rio Grande Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were identified as REV-positive. In addition, we detected REV in one of 62 Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) that had been imported during conservation efforts. To better determine protective measures, continued surveillance, including collection and genetic analysis of REV-infected samples, is necessary to identify sources of REV outbreaks in captive APC flocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Loss of Function MBD4Mutation Impairs DNA Repair in Association with TET2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Kawashima, Naomi, Jiang, Dongxu, Vail, Daniel, Singh, Divya Jyoti, Gu, Xiaorong, Schlanger, Simon, Gurnari, Carmelo, Kubota, Yasuo, Stewart, Brittany L, Visconte, Valeria, Maciejewski, Jaroslaw P., and Jha, Babal K.
- Abstract
Background:Methyl-CpG binding domain 4 (MBD4) is a known DNA glycosylase involved in critical steps of base excision repair (BER) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and is essential for reducing genotoxic stress in normal cells. MBD4 binds to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) - oxidation products of TET2 dioxygenases - and may initiate a multi-step BER/MMR around mCpG/hmCpG DNA.
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- 2023
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13. Pharmacists' knowledge, support, and perceived roles associated with providing naloxone in the community.
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Stewart, Brittany, Thomas, Ronald L., and Tutag-Lehr, Victoria
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Abstract Introduction Prior to the Michigan naloxone standing order legislation, a sample of Michigan pharmacists was surveyed to (1) identify gaps in knowledge regarding naloxone: (2) assess supportive attitudes towards the standing order and; (3) determine perceived pharmacist roles when providing naloxone. Methods A 37-item survey was emailed to Michigan Pharmacist Association members (n = 2757), July to August 2016. Responses to knowledge, supportive attitude, and perceived roles items were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Significance set at p < 0.05. Results The useable response was 8% (n = 211), 92% white, 54% female, aged 46.5 ± 14.6 years. Knowledge: Eighty-five percent (179/211) agreed laypersons can administer naloxone. Sixty-four percent could identify an opioid overdose and 74% agreed with required pharmacist naloxone education; yet 20% had education. Supportive attitude: Eighty-seven percent (184/211) supported the standing order. Perceived role: Fifty-six percent agreed with responsibility for following patients after providing naloxone. Predictors of agreement were rural practice location (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2–5.0, p = 0.01), and requiring naloxone education (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.3–6.8, p = 0.007). Having a Doctor of Pharmacy versus a Bachelor of Science Pharmacy degree decreased odds of agreement by 43.5% (OR = 0.435; 95% CI 0.221–0.857, p = 0.016). Discussion Timing of survey may explain the low number of trained respondents. The increased willingness of BS Pharmacists to follow patients may reflect longer practice and closer community ties. Limitations include low generalizability and small sample. Conclusion A small representative sample of Michigan pharmacists is knowledgeable regarding naloxone and has supportive attitudes towards the standing order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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14. A Qualitative Analysis of Community Participants’ Experiences with a Virtual Interprofessional Team Visit (vIPTV) with Healthcare Students
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Stewart, Brittany, Saad, Aline H, Schiller, Martha, Abbasi, Hayah, Nigma, Esraa, and Kivlen, Christine
- Abstract
Healthcare students must develop essential interprofessional skills to provide efficient, safe, and effective patient-centered care. To ensure students receive the proper training to develop these skills, an interprofessional team visit (IPTV) program was established at a large urban university in 2011. The program involved teams of students from nine disciplines conducting home visits with community participants to provide patient-centered care and educational resources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the IPTV program transitioned to a virtual delivery first piloted in 2020. The aims of this study were to evaluate the community participants’ experiences with virtual IPTV (vIPTV), identify benefits and challenges related to transitioning from in-person to virtual delivery, and utilize participants’ feedback to improve the IPTV program. Focus groups with 39 total participants were conducted in seven different sessions during December 2021 and January 2022. Qualitative analysis of the data showed that participants value the IPTV program, had positive experiences with the virtual delivery, and desire personalized interactions. Community participant's feedback can enhance virtual educational experiences for healthcare students’ training.
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- 2023
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15. Nitrogen Fixation in Mesoscale Eddies of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Patterns and Mechanisms
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Dugenne, Mathilde, Gradoville, Mary R., Church, Matthew J., Wilson, Samuel T., Sheyn, Uri, Harke, Matthew J., Björkman, Karin M., Hawco, Nicholas J., Hynes, Annette M., Ribalet, François, Karl, David M., DeLong, Edward F., Dyhrman, Sonya T., Armbrust, E. Virginia, John, Seth, Eppley, John M., Harding, Katie, Stewart, Brittany, Cabello, Ana M., Turk‐Kubo, Kendra A., Caffin, Mathieu, White, Angelicque E., and Zehr, Jonathan P.
- Abstract
Mesoscale eddies have been shown to support elevated dinitrogen (N2) fixation rates (NFRs) and abundances of N2‐fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs), but the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. We sampled two pairs of mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in 2017 and 2018 and compared our observations with seasonal patterns from the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series (HOT) program. Consistent with previous reports, we found that NFRs were anomalously high for this region (up to 3.7‐fold above previous monthly HOT observations) in the centers of both sampled anticyclones. In 2017, these elevated rates coincided with high concentrations of the diazotroph Crocosphaera. We then coupled our field‐based observations, together with transcriptomic analyses of nutrient stress marker genes and ecological models, to evaluate the role of biological (via estimates of growth and grazing rates) and physical controls on populations of Crocosphaera, Trichodesmium, and diatom symbionts at the mesoscale. Our results suggest that increased Crocosphaeraabundances in the 2017 anticyclone resulted from the alleviation of phosphate limitation, allowing cells to grow at rates exceeding grazing losses. In contrast, distributions of larger, buoyant taxa (Trichodesmiumand diatom symbionts) appeared less affected by eddy‐driven biological controls. Instead, they appeared driven by physical dynamics along frontal boundaries that separate cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. No examined controls were able to explain our 2018 findings of higher NFRs in the anticyclone. A generalized explanation of elevated NFRs in mesoscale eddies remains challenging due to the interplay of eddy‐driven bottom‐up, top‐down, and physical control mechanisms. Nitrogen fixation rates in the centers of two anticyclonic eddies were anomalously high compared to historical Hawaii Ocean Time‐series dataHigh Crocosphaeraabundance in one anticyclonic eddy was linked to both reduced phosphate limitation and reduced losses due to grazingEddies affect specific diazotroph taxa through the physical accumulation of cells and through differential bottom‐up and top‐down forcing Nitrogen fixation rates in the centers of two anticyclonic eddies were anomalously high compared to historical Hawaii Ocean Time‐series data High Crocosphaeraabundance in one anticyclonic eddy was linked to both reduced phosphate limitation and reduced losses due to grazing Eddies affect specific diazotroph taxa through the physical accumulation of cells and through differential bottom‐up and top‐down forcing
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- 2023
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16. A Qualitative Analysis of Older Adults’ Views of Healthcare Provider Attributes and Communication Skills
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Stewart, Brittany, Hanke, Paige, Kucemba, Megan, Levine, Diane L., Mendez, Jennifer, and Saad, Aline H.
- Abstract
Understanding factors that improve patients’ healthcare experiences are essential for healthcare providers (HCPs) caring for older adults (OAs). Previous data supports that effective patient-centered care leads to a better understanding of patients’ experiences, values, and preferences. The aim of this study was to evaluate OAs views of HCPs attributes and communication skills to better understand patient's views about their HCP interactions. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed five key themes that emerged: professionalism, patient rapport, patient-centered care, empathy, and communication. Addressing and optimizing performance in these areas could improve patient experiences and support enhanced training for healthcare students.
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- 2022
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