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The SOLAS air-sea gas exchange experiment (SAGE) was a multiple-objective study investigating gas-transfer processes and the influence of iron fertilisation on biologically driven gas exchange in high-nitrate low-silicic acid low-chlorophyll (HNLSiLC) Sub-Antarctic waters characteristic of the expansive subpolar zone of the southern oceans. This paper provides a general introduction and summary of the main experimental findings. The release site was selected from a pre-voyage desktop study of environmental parameters to be in the south-west Bounty Trough (46.5°S 172.5°E) to the south-east of New Zealand and the experiment was conducted between mid-March and mid-April 2004. In common with other mesoscale iron addition experiments (FeAX's), SAGE was designed as a Lagrangian study, quantifying key biological and physical drivers influencing the air-sea gas exchange processes of CO2, DMS and other biogenic gases associated with an iron-induced phytoplankton bloom. A dual tracer SF6/3He release enabled quantification of both the lateral evolution of a labelled volume (patch) of ocean and the air-sea tracer exchange at tenths of kilometer scale, in conjunction with the iron fertilisation. Estimates from the dual-tracer experiment found a quadratic dependency of the gas exchange coefficient on windspeed that is widely applicable and describe air-sea gas exchange in strong wind regimes. Within the patch, local and micrometeorological gas exchange process studies (100m scale) and physical variables such as near-surface turbulence, temperature microstructure at the interface, wave properties and windspeed were quantified to further assist the development of gas exchange models for high-wind environments. There was a significant increase in the photosynthetic competence (Fv/Fm) of resident phytoplankton within the first day following iron addition, but in contrast to other FeAX's, rates of net primary production and column-integrated chlorophyll a concentrations had only doubl

An in situ iron addition experiment (SAGE) was carried out in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll low-silicic acid (HNLCLSi) sub-Antarctic surface waters south-east of New Zealand. In contrast to other iron addition experiments, the phytoplankton response was minor, with a doubling of biomass relative to surrounding waters, with the temporal trends in dissolved iron and macronutrients instead dominated by physical factors such as mixing and dilution. The initial increase in patch surface area indicated a lateral dilution rate of 0.125d-1, with a second estimate from a model of the decline in peak SF6 concentration yielding a higher lateral dilution rate of 0.16-0.25d-1. The model was tested on the SOIREE SF6 dataset and provided a lateral dilution of 0.07d-1, consistent with previous published estimates. MODIS ocean colour images showed elevated chlorophyll coincident with the SF6 patch on day 10 and 12, and an elevated chlorophyll filament at the SAGE experiment location 3-4 days after ship departure, which provided additional lateral dilution estimates of 0.19 and 0.128d-1. Dissolved iron at the patch centre declined by 85% within two days of the initial infusion, of which dilution accounted for 50-65%; it also decreased rapidly after the 2nd and 3rd infusions but remained elevated after the fourth infusion. Despite decreases in nitrate and silicic acid from day 7 and 10, respectively, the final nutrient concentrations in the patch exceeded the initial concentrations due to supply from lateral intrusion and mixed-layer deepening. The low Si:N loss ratio suggested that the observed limited response to iron was primarily by non-siliceous phytoplankton. Algal growth rate exceeded the minimum dilution rate during two periods (days 3-6 and 10-14), and coincided with net chlorophyll accumulation. However, as the ratio of algal growth to dilution was the lowest reported for an iron addition experiment, dilution was clearly a significant factor in the SAGE experiment recording t

The program is directed at the design and synthesis of treatment and prophylactic drugs as potential defenses against organophosphorus poisoning. During the past year, 23 compounds were submitted: three organophosphonates, eight carbamates, one organophosphinic acid, two sadium alkylthiosulfonates, thiosulfonates, thiotaurine, and homothiotaurine, cis-4-chlorobuten-1-o1 and 4- chlorobutanol, one alkylaryl disulfide, two chloroalky(aryl) carboxylic acids, 1,3,5-tris-2'-chloroethylbenzene and d8-thiodiglycol.

The program is directed at the design and synthesis of candidate treatment of prophylactic drugs as potential defenses against organophosphorus poisoning. During the past year, nine compounds were submitted: four organophosphinates, one organophosphonate, one quaternary pyridine, one tropane ester, one (new) physostigmine analoge, and 5-nonanone oxime.

The program is directed at the preparation of improved antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal drugs. During the past year 13 target compounds were submitted for testing against L. donovani, T. rhodesiense and T. cruzi. Two candidate antileishmanials are modified 8-aminoquinolines. Eleven compounds were directed primarily against T. cruzi. These included seven 2,2- di(or tri)aryldimethyl(or dihydro)aminomethylethylenes and four 1-amidoximino-2, 2-di(or tri)diarylethylenes.

The program is directed at the design and synthesis of new compounds for use in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. In the past three years, 48 compounds were submitted: 26 organophosphinates, one organophosphinothioate, 2 organophosphonates, 2 organophosphates, one oxophospholane, 7 carbamates, 2 sugar oximes, 2 aminoalkylselenic and selonic acids and five other organic compounds. Keywords: Organophosphates; Carbamates; Prophylactics; Therapeutics; Antidotes.

The program is directed at the design and synthesis of new compounds for use in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. In the past year 16 compounds were submitted for evaluation: 11 organophosphinates, two aryl N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamates, a pyridinium carbamate and two sugar oximes, L-rhamnose oxime and D-digitoxose oxime.

This program is directed at the design and synthesis of new compounds for use in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. In the past year 14 compounds were submitted for evaluation: nine organophosphinates, one oxophospholane, two aryl N-hydroxy-N-methycarbamates, one piperidine and one dialkylaminoalkyl glycolate ester.