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As one of the US Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service flagship databases, GrainGenes (https://wheat.pw.usda.gov) serves the data and community needs of globally distributed small grains researchers for the genetic improvement of the Triticeae family and Avena species that include wheat, barley, rye and oat. GrainGenes accomplishes its mission by continually enriching its cross-linked data content following the findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable principles, enhancing and maintaining an intuitive web interface, creating tools to enable easy data access and establishing data connections within and between GrainGenes and other biological databases to facilitate knowledge discovery. GrainGenes operates within the biological database community, collaborates with curators and genome sequencing groups and contributes to the AgBioData Consortium and the International Wheat Initiative through the Wheat Information System (WheatIS). Interactive and linked content is paramount for successful biological databases and GrainGenes now has 2917 manually curated gene records, including 289 genes and 254 alleles from the Wheat Gene Catalogue (WGC). There are >4.8 million gene models in 51 genome browser assemblies, 6273 quantitative trait loci and >1.4 million genetic loci on 4756 genetic and physical maps contained within 443 mapping sets, complete with standardized metadata. Most notably, 50 new genome browsers that include outputs from the Wheat and Barley PanGenome projects have been created. We provide an example of an expression quantitative trait loci track on the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Chinese Spring wheat browser to demonstrate how genome browser tracks can be adapted for different data types. To help users benefit more from its data, GrainGenes created four tutorials available on YouTube. GrainGenes is executing its vision of service by continuously responding to the needs of the global small grains community by creating a centralized, long-term, interconnected data repository. Database URL:https://wheat.pw.usda.gov

Objective: Previous studies showed that a bimodal oddball design allows to increase the sensitivity of the P300 in subjects with anxious-depressive tendencies and patients presenting an adjustment disorder. In this case report we illustrate the increased sensitivity of a bimodal oddball task in the clinical follow-up of a patient presenting a psychosis in the context of a first onset schizophrenia. Method: The patient was instructed to detect deviant stimuli in three separate oddball tasks by hitting a button. Tasks comprised an auditory, a visual and a synchronized and congruent audio-visual block of stimuli. The peak-latency and the amplitude of the P300 evoked response were compared and confronted to scores of the clinical assessment. Results: Only the bimodal task mirrored the clinical evolution of the patient, as the reduction of psychotic symptoms was accompanied by an increase of the bimodal P300 amplitude. However, this was not true for both unimodal tasks (auditory and visual). Conclusions: A bimodal oddball design combined with unimodal ones could be necessary to monitor the joined clinical/neurophysiological evolution of a patient presenting a first onset psychosis. Significance: Further longitudinal studies applying the bimodal P300 paradigm should be designed in order to verify whether the oddball-bimodal P300 component could be used as “state” and/ or “trait” biological marker of the disease.

Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is a fatal genetic disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia and neurological dysfunction. Although the enzyme defect in TPI was discovered in the 1960s, the exact etiology of the disease is still debated. Some aspects indicate the disease could be caused by insufficient enzyme activity, whereas other observations indicate it could be a protein misfolding disease with tissue‐specific differences in TPI activity. We generated a mouse model in which exchange of a conserved catalytic amino acid residue (isoleucine to valine, Ile170Val) reduces TPI specific activity without affecting the stability of the protein dimer. TPIIle170Val/Ile170Val mice exhibit an approximately 85% reduction in TPI activity consistently across all examined tissues, which is a stronger average, but more consistent, activity decline than observed in patients or symptomatic mouse models that carry structural defect mutant alleles. While monitoring protein expression levels revealed no evidence for protein instability, metabolite quantification indicated that glycolysis is affected by the active site mutation. TPIIle170Val/Ile170Val mice develop normally and show none of the disease symptoms associated with TPI deficiency. Therefore, without the stability defect that affects TPI activity in a tissue‐specific manner, a strong decline in TPI catalytic activity is not sufficient to explain the pathological onset of TPI deficiency., A new mouse model shows that reducing enzyme activity, without affecting the overall structure of triosephopshate isomerase (TPI), does not induce TPI deficiency‐like symptoms in mice.

Regulation of gene expression in response to nutrient availability is fundamental to the genotype-phenotype relationship. The metabolic-genetic make-up of the cell, as reflected in auxotrophy, is hence a likely determinant of gene expression. Here, we addressed the importance of the metabolic-genetic background by monitoring transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome in a repertoire of sixteen Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory backgrounds, combinatorially perturbed in histidine, leucine, methionine and uracil biosynthesis. The metabolic background affected up to 85% of the coding genome. Suggesting widespread confounding, these transcriptional changes showed, on average, 83% overlap between unrelated auxotrophs, and 35% with previously published transcriptomes generated for non-metabolic gene knock-outs. Background-dependent gene expression correlated with metabolic flux and acted, predominantly through masking or suppression, on 88% of transcriptional interactions epistatically. As consequence, the deletion of the same metabolic gene in a different background could provoke an entirely different transcriptional response. Propagating to the proteome and scaling up at the metabolome, metabolic background dependencies reveal the prevalence of metabolism-dependent epistasis at all regulatory levels. Urging for a fundamental change of the prevailing laboratory practice of using auxotrophs and nutrient supplemented media, these results reveal epistatic intertwining of metabolism with gene expression on the genomic scale.

The study aimed to determine the viability of the seeds of the critically endangered Cebu Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cebuense L.) species. The collected seeds were air- dried and stored in a closed container. The stored seeds were sowed in the seed box at an interval of one week. This study consists of nine (9) treatments with three (3) replications, laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and analyzed using ANOVA at 5 percent level of significance. Results show that there is a significant difference among the treatments. For Treatment control (To) the seeds were sown directly to the soil medium after air drying. In this treatment many seeds have germinated. The result implies that Cebu Cinnamon seeds should be sown directly to the soil medium right after air drying rather than storing it in the container. The seeds that have germinated were considered as viable. Cebu cinnamon was very sensitive to temperature changes. The seeds of Cebu Cinnamon species should be collected when they are matured to ensure their viability, thus promote higher rate of germination. Conservation and protection of the Cebu Cinnamon species must be considered one of the priorities species of the government and other stakeholders because there are much less of the species that are left on the island.

Le système architectural néoclassique fonctionna à Nice de 1830 à 1850 avec des réalisations d’équipements urbains utilitaires ou de prestige sous l’égide du Consiglio d’Ornato. Mais ce style sans véritable implantation ancienne et solide, allait s’affaiblir et disparaître laissant la place à des tendances éclectiques. Ce changement est lié à des transformations sociales et politiques. Il commence par des programmes religieux : églises russe, byzantine, anglaise... et continue par des constructions de particuliers. Cette crise de l’architecture illustre le passage d’une culture aristocratique à une culture bourgeoise. The neo-classic architectural system acted at Nice from 1830 to 1850 with urban equipment’s works either useful or either marvellous under the care of « Consiglio d’Ornato ». But this style without ancient and strong origins debilitated and disappeared allowing place to cosmopolitan tendencies. This change was acquainted with political and social’s alterations. It began with religious projects : russian, byzantine, english church... and followed by private’s buildings. This architectural crisis showous passage from an aristocratic culture to a middle-class culture.

This work demonstrates the feasibility of using low-energy Ar ion beam assist bombardment of permalloy (Py=Ni81Fe19) multilayers during growth to selectively manipulate multilayer component coercivity, with minimal degradation of saturation magnetization characteristics. The enhanced giant magnetoresistance characteristics of ion beam sputtered multilayers with thin “Co-dusting” is also reported.

Thin permalloy (Ni80Fe20) single‐layer films and multilayers were fabricated onto Ta‐buffered oxidized silicon substrates using a prototype dual ion beam sputtering system (Commonwealth Scientific Corporation). The room temperature substrates were placed in a uniform in‐plane magnetic field during growth (∼150 Oe) yielding a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the permalloy films (typically ∼6 Oe). An examination of single‐layer permalloy films with thicknesses from 20–50 nm indicated that the presence of an ∼100 eV ion‐beam assist beam focused directly onto the substrate during film growth consistently modified the coercive and remnant characteristics of the films. Typically, the nonion beam assist modified NiFe films exhibited a coercivity ∼1 Oe, while the ion beam assist modified films exhibit a slightly larger coercivity (∼1.5 Oe).Based on this apparent influence of the assist ion beam treatment on the film coercivity, the fabrication of soft spin‐valve multilayer structures exploiting differences in the ...

Bilan dressé à partir d'un échantillon de 191 bâtiments soumis à une liste de critères élaborés par des théoriciens permettant d'effectuer un tableau de cotation. L'analyse des résultats a pour but d'évaluer dans quelle mesure l'échantillon répond aux prescriptions de la doctrine bioclimatique.

The combination of functional genomics with next generation sequencing facilitates new experimental strategies for addressing complex biological phenomena. Here, we report the identification of a gain-of-function allele of peroxiredoxin (thioredoxin peroxidase, Tsa1p) via who le-genome re-sequencing of a dominant Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant obtained by che mical mutagenesis. Yeast strain K6001, a screening system for lifespan phenotypes, was treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). We isolated an oxidative stress-resistant mutant (B7) which transmitted this phenotype in a background-independent, monogenic and dominant way. By massive parallel pyrosequencing, we generated an 38.8 fold whole-genome coverage of the strains, which differed in 12,48 2 positions from the reference (S288c) genome. Via a subtraction strategy, we could narrow this number to 13 total and 4 missense nucleotide variations that were specific for the mutant. Via expression in wild type backgrounds, we show that one of these mutations, exchanging a residue in the peroxiredoxin Tsa1p, was respon sible for the mutant phenotype causing background- independent dominant oxidative stress-resistance. These effects were not provoked by altered Tsa1p levels, nor could they be simulated by deletion, haploinsufficiency or over-expression of the wild-type allele. Furthermore, via both a mother- enrichment technique and a micromanipulation assay, we found a robust premature aging phe notype of this oxidant- resistant strain. Thus, TSA1-B7 encodes for a novel dominant form of peroxiredoxin, and establishes a new connection between oxidative stress and aging. In addition, this study shows that the re-sequencing of entire genomes is becoming a promising alternative for the identification of functional alleles in approaches of classic molecular genetics.