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16. Testing perceivers' accuracy and accuracy awareness when forming personality impressions from faces.

Author

Jaeger, Bastian, Sleegers, Willem WA, Stern, Julia, Penke, Lars, and Jones, Alex L

Subjects
FACE perception, BAYESIAN analysis, PERSONALITY studies, JUDGMENT (Psychology), NULL hypothesis, IMPRESSION formation (Psychology)
Abstract

People spontaneously judge others' personality based on their facial appearance and these impressions guide many important decisions. Although the consequences of personality impressions are well documented, studies on the accuracy of personality impressions have yielded mixed results. Moreover, relatively little is known about people's accuracy awareness (i.e., whether they are aware of their judgment accuracy). Even if accuracy is generally low, awareness of accuracy would allow people to rely on their impressions in the right situations. In two studies (one preregistered), we estimated perceivers' accuracy and accuracy awareness when forming personality impressions based on facial photographs. Our studies have three crucial advantages as compared to previous studies (a) by incentivizing accuracy and accuracy awareness, (b) by relying on substantially larger samples of raters (n Study 1 = 223, n Study 2 = 423) and targets (k Study 1 = 140, k Study 2 = 1,260 unique pairs with 280 unique targets), and (c) by conducting Bayesian analyses to also quantify evidence for the null hypothesis. Our findings suggest that face-based personality impressions are not accurate, that perceivers lack insight into their (in)accuracy, and that most people overestimate their accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Estimating the Associations between Big Five Personality Traits, Testosterone, and Cortisol

Author

Sundin, Zachary W., Chopik, William J., Welker, Keith M., Ascigil, Esra, Brandes, Cassandra M., Chin, Kristi, Ketay, Sarah, Knight, Erik L., Kordsmeyer, Tobias L., McLarney-Vesotski, Amber R., Prasad, Smrithi, Reese, Zachary A., Roy, Ashlin R. K., Sim, Lester, Stern, Julia, Carré, Justin M., Edelstein, Robin S., Mehta, Pranjal H., Penke, Lars, Slatcher, Richard B., and Tackett, Jennifer L.

Published
2021
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25. Stability and Change of Individual Differences in Ideal Partner Preferences Over 13 Years.

Author

Driebe, Julie C., Stern, Julia, Penke, Lars, and Gerlach, Tanja M.

Abstract

Ideal partner preferences for traits in a partner are said to be stable cognitive constructs. However, longitudinal studies investigating the same participants' ideals repeatedly have so far been limited to relatively short retest intervals of a maximum of 3 years. Here, we investigate the stability and change of ideals across 13 years and participants' insight into how ideals have changed. A total of 204 participants (M = 46.2 years, SD = 7.4, 104 women) reported their ideals at two time points. We found a mean rank-order stability of r =.42 and an overall profile stability of r =.73 (distinctive r =.53). Some ideals changed over time, for example, increased for status-resources in relation to age and parenthood. We found some but varying insight into how ideals had changed (mean r =.20). Results support the idea of ideals being stable cognitive constructs but suggest some variability related to the demands of different life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Combined perceptual and chemical analyses show no compelling evidence for ovulatory cycle shifts in women's axillary odour.

Author

Zetzsche, Madita, Weiß, Brigitte M., Kücklich, Marlen, Stern, Julia, Birkemeyer, Claudia, Widdig, Anja, and Penke, Lars

Subjects
BODY odor, WOMEN'S cycling, OVULATION, PERSONAL beauty, FERTILITY, ODORS
Abstract

Although men's attraction to women's body odour has been suggested to vary over the ovulatory cycle, peaking around the fertile window, we still lack methodologically robust evidence corroborating this effect. Further, the chemical underpinnings of male preference for the odour of ovulating women remain unknown. Here, we combined perceptual and chemical analyses to investigate the axillary odour of naturally cycling women over 10 days, covering the gradual change in fertility across the ovulatory cycle with a focus on fertile days. The fertile state was confirmed by urinary ovulation tests as well as salivary oestradiol and progesterone levels. Men rated the scent of unfamiliar women, resembling a first encounter. We used multivariate analyses to relate variation in both odour ratings and chemical composition to female conception probability, temporal distance to ovulation and ovarian hormone levels. Our results provide no evidence that males prefer the odour of fertile women. Furthermore, the volatile analysis indicated no link between axillary odour composition and current fertility status. Together, our results showed no convincing support for a chemical fertility cue in women's axillary odour, questioning the presence of olfactory fertility information that is recognizable during first encounters in modern humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Probing the predictive validity of ideal partner preferences for future partner traits and relationship outcomes across 13 years.

Author

Driebe, Julie C., Stern, Julia, Penke, Lars, and Gerlach, Tanja M.

Subjects
*PREDICTIVE validity, *RELATIONSHIP quality, *OPEN-ended questions, *POSSIBILITY
Abstract

The current study addresses the open question whether ideal partner preferences are linked to relationship decisions and relationship outcomes. Using a longitudinal design across 13 years, we investigated whether partner preferences are associated with perceived characteristics of actual partners (i.e. ideal-trait correlation) and whether a closer match between ideals and perceptions of a partner's traits is associated with better relationship outcomes (i.e. ideal partner preference-matching effects). A community sample of 178 participants (90 women) reported their ideal partner preferences in 2006 (mean age at T2 M = 45.7 years, SD = 7.2). In 2019, they reported their relationship histories since then, providing ratings of 322 relationships. We found a positive association between participants' initial ideals and partner trait perceptions. This ideal-trait correlation was stronger with current ideals, consistent with the possibility of preference adjustment towards the partner. The match between ideals and perceived partner traits was operationalised using different metrics. A closer match was associated with higher relationship commitment across all metrics, while for relationship quality, the link was not apparent for the corrected pattern metric. Evidence of matching effects for relationship length was mixed and largely absent for break-up initiation. Implications for the ideal partner preference literature are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply?

Author

Jones, Benedict C., DeBruine, Lisa M., Flake, Jessica K., Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Antfolk, Jan, Arinze, Nwadiogo C., Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Bloxsom, Nicholas G., Lewis, Savannah C., Foroni, Francesco, Willis, Megan L., Cubillas, Carmelo P., Vadillo, Miguel A., Turiegano, Enrique, Gilead, Michael, Simchon, Almog, Saribay, S. Adil, Owsley, Nicholas C., Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Calvillo, Dustin P., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Qi, Yue, Ariyabuddhiphongs, Kris, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Manley, Harry, Suavansri, Panita, Taephant, Nattasuda, Stolier, Ryan M., Evans, Thomas R., Bonick, Judson, Lindemans, Jan W., Ashworth, Logan F., Hahn, Amanda C., Chevallier, Coralie, Kapucu, Aycan, Karaaslan, Aslan, Leongómez, Juan David, Sánchez, Oscar R., Valderrama, Eugenio, Vásquez-Amézquita, Milena, Hajdu, Nandor, Aczel, Balazs, Szecsi, Peter, Andreychik, Michael, Musser, Erica D., Batres, Carlota, Hu, Chuan-Peng, Liu, Qing-Lan, Legate, Nicole, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Barzykowski, Krystian, Golik, Karolina, Schmid, Irina, Stieger, Stefan, Artner, Richard, Mues, Chiel, Vanpaemel, Wolf, Jiang, Zhongqing, Wu, Qi, Marcu, Gabriela M., Stephen, Ian D., Lu, Jackson G., Philipp, Michael C., Arnal, Jack D., Hehman, Eric, Xie, Sally Y., Chopik, William J., Seehuus, Martin, Azouaghe, Soufian, Belhaj, Abdelkarim, Elouafa, Jamal, Wilson, John P., Kruse, Elliott, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, De La Rosa-Gómez, Anabel, Barba-Sánchez, Alan E., González-Santoyo, Isaac, Hsu, Tsuyueh, Kung, Chun-Chia, Wang, Hsiao-Hsin, Freeman, Jonathan B., Oh, Dong Won, Schei, Vidar, Sverdrup, Therese E., Levitan, Carmel A., Cook, Corey L., Chandel, Priyanka, Kujur, Pratibha, Parganiha, Arti, Parveen, Noorshama, Pati, Atanu Kumar, Pradhan, Sraddha, Singh, Margaret M., Pande, Babita, Bavolar, Jozef, Kačmár, Pavol, Zakharov, Ilya, Álvarez-Solas, Sara, Baskin, Ernest, Thirkettle, Martin, Schmidt, Kathleen, Christopherson, Cody D., Leonis, Trinity, Suchow, Jordan W., Olofsson, Jonas K., Jernsäther, Teodor, Lee, Ai-Suan, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Gogan, Taylor D., Oldmeadow, Julian A., Balas, Benjamin, Stevens, Laura M., Colloff, Melissa F., Flowe, Heather D., Gülgöz, Sami, Brandt, Mark J., Hoyer, Karlijn, Jaeger, Bastian, Ren, Dongning, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Wissink, Joeri, Kaminski, Gwenaël, Floerke, Victoria A., Urry, Heather L., Chen, Sau-Chin, Pfuhl, Gerit, Vally, Zahir, Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Jzerman, Hans I., Sarda, Elisa, Neyroud, Lison, Badidi, Touhami, Van der Linden, Nicolas, Tan, Chrystalle B. Y., Kovic, Vanja, Sampaio, Waldir, Ferreira, Paulo, Santos, Diana, Burin, Debora I., Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Protzko, John, Schild, Christoph, Ścigała, Karolina A., Zettler, Ingo, O’Mara Kunz, Erin M., Storage, Daniel, Wagemans, Fieke M. A., Saunders, Blair, Sirota, Miroslav, Sloane, Guyan V., Lima, Tiago J. S., Uittenhove, Kim, Vergauwe, Evie, Jaworska, Katarzyna, Stern, Julia, Ask, Karl, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Körner, Anita, Weissgerber, Sophia C., Boudesseul, Jordane, Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, Ritchie, Kay L., Michalak, Nicholas M., Blake, Khandis R., White, David, Gordon-Finlayson, Alasdair R., Anne, Michele, Janssen, Steve M. J., Lee, Kean Mun, Nielsen, Tonje K., Tamnes, Christian K., Zickfeld, Janis H., Rosa, Anna Dalla, Vianello, Michelangelo, Kocsor, Ferenc, Kozma, Luca, Putz, Ádám, Tressoldi, Patrizio, Irrazabal, Natalia, Chatard, Armand, Lins, Samuel, Pinto, Isabel R., Lutz, Johannes, Adamkovic, Matus, Babincak, Peter, Baník, Gabriel, Ropovik, Ivan, Coetzee, Vinet, Dixson, Barnaby J. W., Ribeiro, Gianni, Peters, Kim, Steffens, Niklas K., Tan, Kok Wei, Thorstenson, Christopher A., Fernandez, Ana Maria, Hsu, Rafael M. C. S., Valentova, Jaroslava V., Varella, Marco A. C., Corral-Frías, Nadia S., Frías-Armenta, Martha, Hatami, Javad, Monajem, Arash, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Frohlich, Brooke, Lin, Hause, Inzlicht, Michael, Alaei, Ravin, Rule, Nicholas O., Lamm, Claus, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Voracek, Martin, Olsen, Jerome, Giolla, Erik Mac, Akgoz, Aysegul, Özdoğru, Asil A., Crawford, Matthew T., Bennett-Day, Brooke, Koehn, Monica A., Okan, Ceylan, Gill, Tripat, Miller, Jeremy K., Dunham, Yarrow, Yang, Xin, Alper, Sinan, Borras-Guevara, Martha Lucia, Cai, Sun Jun, Tiantian, Dong, Danvers, Alexander F., Feinberg, David R., Armstrong, Marie M., Gilboa-Schechtman, Eva, McCarthy, Randy J., Muñoz-Reyes, Jose Antonio, Polo, Pablo, Shiramazu, Victor K. M., Yan, Wen-Jing, Carvalho, Lilian, Forscher, Patrick S., Chartier, Christopher R., and Coles, Nicholas A.

Published
2021
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38. Changes in women’s clothing style as potential ovulatory cues – a replication study

Author

Strachotta, Annelie and Stern, Julia

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

This is a replication study. It's aim is to investigate possible ovulatory cycle shifts in women's clothing style (including colors and revealingness), as well as grooming (such as wearing jewellry). For this purpose, photographs of N = 257 women, all photographed four times across their ovulatory cycle, will be coded by three independent research assistants.

Published
2024
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50. Investigating cycle shifts in women's clothing style and grooming.

Author

Stern, Julia, Ostermann, Sabine, and Penke, Lars

Subjects
*BEHAVIORAL assessment, *LIFESTYLES, *PERSONAL grooming, *FERTILITY, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *REPRODUCTION, *RESEARCH funding, *OVULATION, *CLOTHING & dress, *WOMEN'S health, *LONGITUDINAL method, *PROMPTS (Psychology)
Abstract

In contrast to some non‐human primate species, human females do not show overt cues to fertility. Previous research argued that women still show systematic changes in their appearance across their ovulatory cycle to enhance their mating success when fertile. We report five studies investigating whether women's clothing style and grooming behaviour change across the ovulatory cycle. All studies were large (with N = 157 in Study 1, N = 109 in Study 2, N = 257 in Studies 3–5), longitudinal studies with four testing sessions per participant. They involved salivary hormone samples and luteinizing hormone tests to validate conception risk estimates. Across all studies, our results suggest no compelling evidence for cycle shifts in clothing style and grooming. Rather, two studies suggest effects in the opposite direction as hypothesized, as women wore more skin‐revealing clothes when non‐fertile. One study suggests small effects of wearing necklaces more and eyeglasses less often when fertile. However, these effects were not robust across all studies. Our results are in line with other recent null replications and suggest that, if existent, cues to fertility might be even more subtle than previously assumed. We discuss the need for testing competing theories that explain the evolution of concealed ovulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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