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The research focuses on how reduced tillage, straw incorporation, and green manure application impact different elements of winter oilseed rape agroecosystem. The main objective is to investigate the impact of these practices on biometric parameters and the yield of winter oilseed rape. The specific research objectives are to investigate the effects of reduced tillage, straw incorporation, and green manure application on biometric parameters and yield of winter oilseed rape. In pursuit of these objectives, the study aims to reveal the potential positive and negative impacts of these agricultural practices on the wider efficiency and sustainability of winter oilseed rape cropping systems. The research contributes to the understanding of the complex interactions between cultivation practices and the health and productivity of winter oilseed rape agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifunctional cropping system is important for improving soil properties, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The roots of different plant species take up moisture and nutrients at different rhythms and intensities. Interactions between plants and interspecific competition between them promote plant rooting. Competition is also largely avoided during the course of vegetation. Growing multifuctional crops is not only important for more efficient use of nutrients, but also contributes to mitigating climate change by meeting EU environmental requirements. Research shows that the cultivation of multipurpose crops has reduced CO2 emissions from the soil. The decrease in CO2 emissions from the soil in multifunctional crops is due to carbon sequestration. The field experiment was carried out in 2019, 2020 and 2021 at the VMU Academy of Agriculture Experimental Station. The aim of the study was to compare soil biological properties (plant root dry biomass, CO2 emission from the soil and soil aggregate-size distribution) in sole (spring barley, spring wheat, peas, caraway), binary (spring barley and caraway, spring wheat and caraway, peas and caraway) and trinary (spring barley, caraway and white clover, spring wheat, caraway and white clover, and peas, caraway and white clover) crops. The binary and trinary crops produced a significantly higher plant root dry biomass in the main crops (1.5 to 2.2 times), second (2.8 to 3.4 times), and third (up to 2.9 times) years of caraway cultivation compared to the sole crop. The plant root dry biomass was found to be significantly higher in the trinary crop than in the binary crop. In the main crops, the second and third years of caraway cultivation, the CO2 emission from the soil increased most in the trinary crop compared to the sole and binary crop. The significantly lowest soil CO2 emission was found in the black fallow left after the caraway harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse plants are usually grown in containers filled with growing media. Peat is the main component of the growing media used in greenhouses. However, peat substrate is made from peat from drained peatlands, which is a limited resource. Wood fiber can be an alternative to use as a growing media for controlled-climate crops. The chemical properties of the growing media interact and change continuously due to the small volume of the growing media, which is limited by the vegetative container. Therefore, this study aims to gain new knowledge on the impact of nutrient changes in the microbial degradation of carbon compounds in wood fiber and mixtures with peat substrate on the content and uptake of nutrients required by plants. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were cultivated in growing media of peat substrate and wood fiber: 1) peat substrate (PS); 2) wood fiber (WF); 3) WF and PS 50/50 v/v; 4) WF and PS 25/75 v/v. The rates of fertilization were the following: 1) conventional fertilization; 2) N13; 3) N23; 4) N30. Fertilization of cucumbers with different rates of nitrogen influenced the nutrient uptake. Plants grown in 50/50 and 25/75 growing media had the best Cu uptake when fertilized with N23. When the plants grown in the wood fiber and in the 50/50 media were fertilized with N13, N23, and N30, the Mn content in the growing media at the end of the growing season was significantly lower than the Mn content in the media with conventional fertilization. Thus, nitrogen improved the uptake of Mn by plants grown not only in the wood fiber but also in combinations with peat substrate. Growing plants in wood fiber and fertilizing them with N23 can result in optimum uptake of micronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intensive tillage accelerates soil erosion, reduces the content of organic matter and carbon in the soil. Scientists around the world talk extensively about soil conservation policies. The process of accumulation and maintenance of soil organic matter is important for the long-term preservation of agro-system productivity. Crop production technologies applied should increase carbon sequestration in the soil (Kaiser, Kalbitz, 2012; Baumhardt et al., 2015). The study was conducted in 2018–2019 in the winter wheat crop “Sailor”. An experiment with two factors was performed: preparations of biological origin and their mixtures were used with the application of different tillage technologies. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of biological preparations on soil agrochemical properties in winter wheat crop using different tillage technologies. The use of biological preparations and their mixtures, in many cases, increased the content of water-soluble (labile) carbon in the soil comparing compensatory nitrogen 8 kg t of straw, without biological preparations to stimulate straw mineralization . The content of labile carbon was particularly increased by mixtures of two preparations (Ruinex + Penergetic k, Ruinex + Azofix and Penergetic k + Azofix) using both tillage technologies: when applying no-tillage, the content of soluble carbon increased from 2.9% to 12.2%, and when using the mixtures in ploughless tillage – from 1.4% to 10.3. The combination of the three preparations increased the content of soluble carbon by 5.4% more in ploughless technology, in no-tillage – only 0.5%. The use of one-component biological preparations in ploughless tillage also increased the content of water-soluble carbon, and in no-tillage – reduced it but insignificantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human & Nature Safety is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 1999, a long-term field experiment has been done at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University (former Aleksandras Stulginskis University) at 54°52'50 N latitude and 23°49'41 E longitude. The soil of the experiment site is Epieutric Endocalcaric Endogleyic Planosol (Endoclayic, Aric, Drainic, Humic, Episiltic) according to WRB (2014). The objective of our investigations was to assess the long-term impact of reduced intensity tillage systems, straw and green manure combinations on productivity and economical evaluation. In a coherent farming system, soil tillage should be reduced by minimizing mechanical tillage and maximizing the use of biological soil fertility maintenance measures combined with a soil quality improvement system. Long-term use of plant residues and green manure in combination with a complex application of reduced soil tillage and direct drilling has a positive impact on the sustainability of agroecosystems and help maintain crop rotation productivity. Performed analysis allows expecting the positive cash flows in catch cropping for green manure and rotovating (GMR) and no-tillage (NT) tillage systems more often comparing with other more intensive tillage systems. These systems ensure more stable yields and positive cash flows, because of lower operation cost of machinery notillage (NT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]