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1. A multi-Physics Experiment for Low-Yield Nuclear Explosion Monitoring

Author

Myers, S, primary, Abbott, G, additional, Alexander, T, additional, Alger, E, additional, Alvarez, A, additional, Annabelle, N, additional, Antoun, T, additional, Auld, G, additional, Malach, A, additional, Banuelos, H, additional, Barela, M, additional, Barnhart, T, additional, Barrow, P, additional, Bartlett, T, additional, Bockman, A, additional, Bodmer, M, additional, Bogolub, K, additional, Bonner, J, additional, Borden, R, additional, Boukhalfa, H, additional, Bowman, D, additional, Britt, C, additional, Broman, B, additional, Broome, S, additional, Brown, B, additional, Burghardt, J, additional, Chester, D, additional, Choens, C, additional, Chojnicki, K, additional, Churby, A, additional, Cole, J, additional, Coleman, T, additional, Collard, J, additional, Couture, A, additional, Crosby, G, additional, Cruz-Cabrera, A, additional, D'Saint Angelo, D, additional, Dea, M, additional, Dekin, W, additional, DeVisser, B, additional, Dietel, M, additional, Downs, C, additional, Downs, N, additional, Dzenitis, E, additional, Eckert, E, additional, Eras, S, additional, Euler, G, additional, Ezzedine, S, additional, Fast, J, additional, Feldman, J, additional, Featherston, K, additional, Foxe, M, additional, Freimuth, C, additional, Fritz, B, additional, Galvin, G, additional, Gamboa, S, additional, Garner, L, additional, Gascoigne, T, additional, Gastelum, J, additional, Gaylord, J, additional, Gessey, D, additional, Glasgow, B, additional, Glavin, G, additional, Glomski, A, additional, Goodwin, M, additional, Green, D, additional, Griego, J, additional, Grover, S, additional, Gutierrez, J, additional, Haas, D, additional, Hall, R, additional, Hall, A, additional, Hardy, D, additional, Hauk, D, additional, Heath, J, additional, Holand, A, additional, Holdcroft, J, additional, Holland, A, additional, Honjas, W, additional, Howard, K, additional, Hudson, C, additional, Ingraham, M, additional, Jaramillo, J, additional, Jenkins, A, additional, Johnson, C, additional, Jones, K, additional, Falliner, F, additional, Junor, W, additional, Keillor, M, additional, Kent, G, additional, Keogh, M, additional, Kibikas, W, additional, Kleadbeater, K, additional, Knox, H, additional, Knox, J, additional, Kuhlman, K, additional, Kwiatkowski, C, additional, Laintz, K, additional, Lapka, J, additional, Larotonda, J, additional, Layne, J, additional, Ledoux, N, additional, Li, S, additional, Linneman, D, additional, Lipkowitz, P, additional, MacLeod, G, additional, McCann, E, additional, McCombe, R, additional, Meierbachtol, C, additional, Mellors, R, additional, Memmott, B, additional, Mendenhall, W, additional, Mendez, J, additional, Miller, X, additional, Miller, A, additional, Miranda, F, additional, Montano, M, additional, Moore, M, additional, Morris, J, additional, Munley, W, additional, Murillo, E, additional, Myers, T, additional, Navarro, A, additional, Nippress, S, additional, Otto, S, additional, Peacock, S, additional, Pemberton, S, additional, Perea, R, additional, Peterson, J, additional, Pierre-Yves, L, additional, Plank, G, additional, Podrasky, A, additional, Podrasky, D, additional, Pope, J, additional, Poskey, M, additional, Powell, M, additional, Price, A, additional, Puyleart, A, additional, Quintana, B, additional, Rahn, T, additional, Rendon, C, additional, Reppart, J, additional, Rico, H, additional, Roberts, B, additional, Robey, E, additional, Rodd, R, additional, Rodriguez, M, additional, Rogall, A, additional, Romanczuk, A, additional, Roth, M, additional, Salyer, G, additional, Savran, B, additional, Schalk, W, additional, Seifert, C, additional, Seitz, D, additional, Shao, X, additional, Sirota, D, additional, Slack, J, additional, Slater, D, additional, Smith, K, additional, Smith, D, additional, Spears, B, additional, Sprinkle, D, additional, Stead, R, additional, Stephens, M, additional, Strickland, C, additional, Tafoya, A, additional, Tafoya, J, additional, Tagoe, M, additional, Taguba, C, additional, Tarnecki, L, additional, Tatge, R, additional, Teich-McGoldrick, S, additional, Terry, B, additional, Thompson, R, additional, Townsend, M, additional, Tubbs, G, additional, Turley, R, additional, Valdez, N, additional, Van Morris, A, additional, Vergara, S, additional, Vigil, J, additional, Villanueva, J, additional, Vorobiev, O, additional, Wallace, D, additional, Walrath, T, additional, Wharton, S, additional, White, R, additional, White, H, additional, Whitehill, A, additional, Williams, M, additional, Wilson, J, additional, Wood, L, additional, Wright, C, additional, Wright, A, additional, Xu, G, additional, Yang, X, additional, Yost, R, additional, and Zeiler, C, additional

Published
2024
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4. Measurement of the ($\pi^-$, Ar) total hadronic cross section at the LArIAT experiment

Author

Gramellini, E., Ho, J., Acciarri, R., Adams, C., Asaadi, J., Backfish, M., Badgett, W., Baller, B., Basque, V., Rodrigues, O. Benevides, Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Bouabid, R., Bromberg, C., Carey, R., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cavanna, F., Aleman, J. I. Cevallos, Chatterjee, A., Dedin, P., Santos, M. V. dos, Edmunds, D., Escobar, C., Esquivel, J., Evans, J. J., Falcone, A., Flanagan, W., Fleming, B. T., Foreman, W., Garcia-Gamez, D., Gastler, D., Ghosh, T., Gomes, R. A., Gran, R., Gratieri, D. R., Guzowski, P., Hahn, A., Hamilton, P., Hill, C., Holin, A., Hugon, J., Iwai, E., Jensen, D., Johnson, R. A., Kawai, H., Kearns, E., Kemp, E., Kirby, M., Kobilarcik, T., Kordosky, M., Kryczynski, P., Lang, K., Linehan, R., Lockwitz, S., Luo, X., Machado, A. A. B., Marchionni, A., Maruyama, T., Santos, L. Mendes, Metcalf, W., Moura, C. A., Nichol, R., Nutini, I., Olivier, A., Palamara, O., Paley, J., Parmaksiz, I., Gelli, B. Passarelli, Paulucci, L., Phan, D., Pulliam, G., Raaf, J . L., Rebel, B., Guzzo, M. Reggiani, Ross-Lonergan, M., Nunes, M. Soares, Schmitz, D. W., Segreto, E., Shooltz, D., Smith, D., Soderberg, M., Soubasis, B., Spagliardi, F., John, J. M. St., Stancari, M., Stefan, D., Stephens, M., Sulej, R., Szelc, A. M., Tabata, M., Totani, D., Tzanov, M., Walker, D., Wenzel, H., Williams, Z., Yang, T., Yu, J., Zhang, S., and Zhu, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the negative pion total hadronic cross section on argon, which we performed at the Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) experiment. All hadronic reaction channels, as well as hadronic elastic interactions with scattering angle greater than 5~degrees are included. The pions have a kinetic energies in the range 100-700~MeV and are produced by a beam of charged particles impinging on a solid target at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. LArIAT employs a 0.24~ton active mass Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) to measure the pion hadronic interactions. For this measurement, LArIAT has developed the ``thin slice method", a new technique to measure cross sections with LArTPCs. While generally higher than the prediction, our measurement of the ($\pi^-$,Ar) total hadronic cross section is in agreement with the prediction of the Geant4 model when considering a model uncertainty of $\sim$5.1\%., Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted by PRD

Published
2021
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5. The Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) Experiment

Author

LArIAT Collaboration, Acciarri, R., Adams, C. J., Asaadi, J., Backfish, M., Badgett, W., Baller, B., Rodrigues, O. Benevides, Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Bouabid, R., Bromberg, C., Carey, R., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cavanna, F., Aleman, J. I. Cevallos, Chatterjee, A., Neto, P. Dedin, Santos, M. V. Dos, Dytman, S., Edmunds, D., Elkins, M., Escobar, C. O., Esquivel, J., Evans, J., Falcone, A., Farbin, A., Flanagan, W., Fleming, B., Foreman, W., Garcia-Gamez, D., Gastler, D., Ghosh, T., Gomes, R. A., Gramellini, E., Gran, R., Guzowski, P., Habig, A., Hahn, A., Hamilton, P., Hill, C., Ho, J., Holin, A., Hugon, J., Iwai, E., Jensen, D., Johnson, R. A., Jostlein, H., Kawai, H., Kearns, E., Kemp, E., Kirby, M., Kobilarcik, T., Kordosky, M., Kryczynski, P., Lang, K., Linehan, R., Lockwitz, S., Luo, X., Machado, A. A. B., Marchionni, A., Maruyama, T., Santos, L. Mendes, Metcalf, W., Moura, C. A., Nichol, R., Nutini, I., Olivier, A., Palamara, O., Paley, J., Parmaksiz, I., Gelli, B. Passarelli, Paulucci, L., Phan, D., Pulliam, G., Raaf, J. L., Rebel, B., Guzzo, M. Reggiani, Ross-Lonergan, M., Schmitz, D., Sessumes, D., Shahsavarani, S., Shooltz, D., Segreto, E., Smith, D., Nunes, M. Soares, Soderberg, M., Soubasis, B., Spagliardi, F., John, J. M. St., Stancari, M., Stefan, D., Stephens, M., Sulej, R., Szelc, A., Tabata, M., Totani, D., Tzanov, M., Valdiviesso, G., Walker, D., Wenzel, H., Williams, Z., Yang, T., Yu, J., Zeller, G., Zhang, S., and Zhu, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The LArIAT liquid argon time projection chamber, placed in a tertiary beam of charged particles at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, has collected large samples of pions, muons, electrons, protons, and kaons in the momentum range 300-1400 MeV/c. This paper describes the main aspects of the detector and beamline, and also reports on calibrations performed for the detector and beamline components.

Published
2019
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6. Carbon Nanotube-Based Black Coatings

Author

Lehman, J., Yung, C., Tomlin, N., Conklin, D., and Stephens, M.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Coatings comprised of carbon nanotubes are very black; that is, characterized by low reflectance over a broad wavelength range from the visible to far infrared. Arguably there is no other material that is comparable. This is attributable to the intrinsic properties of graphene as well as the morphology (density, thickness, disorder, tube size) of the coating. The need for black coatings is persistent for a variety of applications such as baffles and traps for space instruments. Because of the thermal properties, nanotube coatings are also well suited for thermal detectors, blackbodies and other applications where light is trapped and converted to heat. We briefly describe a history of other coatings such as nickel phosphorous, gold black and carbon-based paints and the comparable structural morphology that we associate with very black coatings. In many cases, it is a significant challenge to put the blackest coating on something useful. We describe the growth of carbon nanotube forests on substrates such as metals and silicon along with the catalyst requirements and temperature limitations. We also describe coatings derived from carbon nanotubes and applied like paint. Another significant challenge is that of building the measurement apparatus and determining the optical properties of something having negligible reflectance. There exists information in the literature for effective media approximations to model the dielectric function of vertically aligned arrays. We summarize this as well as other approaches that are useful for predicting the coating behavior along with the refractive index of graphite from the literature that is necessary for the models we know of. We provide an appendix of our best recipes for making as-grown, sprayed or other coatings for the blackest and most robust coating for a chosen substrate and a description of reflectance measurements., Comment: Submitted to AIP

Published
2017

9. LArIAT: Liquid Argon In A Testbeam

Author

Paley, J., Gastler, D., Kearns, E., Linehan, R., Patterson, R., Foremen, W., Ho, J., Schmitz, D., Johnson, R., John, J. St., Acciarri, R., Adamson, P., Backfish, M., Badgett, W., Baller, B., Hahn, A., Jensen, D., Junk, T., Kirby, M., Kobilarcik, T., Kryczynski, P., Lippincott, H., Marchionni, A., Nishikawa, K., Raaf, J., Ramberg, E., Rebel, B., Stancari, M., Zeller, G., Wascko, M., Maruyama, T., Iwai, E., Kunori, S., Mauger, C., Blaszczyk, F., Metcalf, W., Olivier, A., Tzanov, M., Evans, J., Guzowski, P., Bromberg, C., Edmunds, D., Shooltz, D., Gran, R., Habig, A., Kaess, K., Dytman, S., Asaadi, J., Soderberg, M., Esquivel, J., Farbin, A., Park, S., Yu, J., Huang, J., Lang, K., Nichol, R., Holin, A., Thomas, J., Kordosky, M., Stephens, M., Vahle, P., Fleming, B. T., Cavanna, F., Church, E., Gramellini, E., Palamara, O., and Szelc, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are ideal detectors for precision neutrino physics. These detectors, when located deep underground, can also be used for measurements of proton decay, and astrophysical neutrinos. The technology must be completely developed, up to very large mass scales, and fully mastered to construct and operate these detectors for this physics program. As part of an integrated plan of developing these detectors, accurate measurements in LArTPC of known particle species in the relevant energy ranges are now deemed as necessary. The LArIAT program aims to directly achieve these goals by deploying LArTPC detectors in a dedicated calibration test beam line at Fermilab. The set of measurements envisaged here are significant for both the short-baseline (SBN) and long-baseline (LBN) neutrino oscillation programs in the US, starting with MicroBooNE in the near term and with the adjoint near and far liquid argon detectors in the Booster beam line at Fermilab envisioned in the mid-term, and moving towards deep underground physics such as with the long-baseline neutrino facility (LBNF) in the longer term.

Published
2014

12. Unique molecular signatures as a hallmark of patients with metastatic breast cancer: Implications for current treatment paradigms

Author

Wheler, Jennifer J, Parker, Barbara A, Lee, Jack J, Atkins, Johnique T, Janku, Filip, Tsimberidou, Apostolia M, Zinner, Ralph, Subbiah, Vivek, Fu, Siqing, Schwab, Richard, Moulder, Stacy, Valero, Vicente, Schwaederle, Maria, Yelensky, Roman, Miller, Vincent A, Stephens, M Philip J, Meric-Bernstam, Funda, and Kurzrock, Razelle

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Breast Cancer, Genetics, Good Health and Well Being, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genes, Neoplasm, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Neoplasm Proteins, Genomics, PI3K, Clinical Trials, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Our analysis of the tumors of 57 women with metastatic breast cancer with next generation sequencing (NGS) demonstrates that each patient's tumor is unique in its molecular fingerprint. We observed 216 somatic aberrations in 70 different genes, including 131 distinct aberrations. The most common gene alterations (in order of decreasing frequency) included: TP53, PIK3CA, CCND1, MYC, HER2 (ERBB2), MCL1, PTEN, FGFR1, GATA3, NF1, PIK3R1, BRCA2, EGFR, IRS2, CDH1, CDKN2A, FGF19, FGF3 and FGF4. Aberrations included mutations (46%), amplifications (45%), deletions (5%), splices (2%), truncations (1%), fusions (0.5%) and rearrangements (0.5%), with multiple distinct variants within the same gene. Many of these aberrations represent druggable targets, either through direct pathway inhibition or through an associated pathway (via 'crosstalk'). The 'molecular individuality' of these tumors suggests that a customized strategy, using an "N-of-One" model of precision medicine, may represent an optimal approach for the treatment of patients with advanced tumors.

Published
2014

13. Enhancing Global Cybersecurity Resilience: Navigating the Subconscious Fallacies within Critical Infrastructure Protection.

Author

Stephens, M.

Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics), TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, DIGITAL technology, ELECTRIC power distribution grids, DECISION making
Abstract

Amidst the digital revolution, cyber-enabled critical infrastructures are the foundation of societal operations. However, this interconnectivity introduces risks such as cascading failures where disruptions in the power grid affect multiple systems. Global collaboration becomes inescapable in forming holistic approaches that evolve alongside continuous technological advancements to enhance infrastructure resilience. Before these approaches can truly succeed, it is imperative to understand the decision-making processes within these environments and effectively mitigate biases that may alter priorities. This study investigates subconscious biases stemming from perceived solutions, intending to anticipate their potential impact on decision-making prioritization and enhance overall cybersecurity in critical infrastructure resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

15. Swift's Ability to Detect Gamma-Ray Bursts

Author

Fenimore, E. E., McLean, K., Palmer, D., Barthelemy, S., Gehrels, N., Krimm, H., Markwardt, C., Parsons, A., Stephens, M., and Tueller, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Swift satellite will be a self-contained observatory that will bring new capabilities to the observing of the early afterglow emission of Gamma-ray Bursts. Swift is completely autonomous and will do all of the observations without help from the ground. There are three instruments on Swift. A large (5200 sq cm) coded aperture imager will locate the bursts within about 15 seconds. The satellite will be able to slew to point at the location within a minute or two. There are two narrow field of view instruments: an optical telescope and an x-ray telescope. Thus, Swift will provide simultaneous gamma-ray, x-ray, and optical observations of Gamma-ray bursts soon after the burst. A key to the success of Swift will be its ability to detect and locate a large number of gamma-ray bursts quick enough that the narrow field of view instruments can follow up. The results of simulations show that Swift will be able to detect about 300 bursts a year and locate about 150. The number that Swift will be able to slew to depends on constraints built into the satellite bus. Preliminary results indicate that we might be able to slew to 100 bursts per year, but that is heavily dependent on satellite operations., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures including 7 bonus figures not in the proceedings. To appear in Baltic Astronomy as the proceedings of the 2003 JEMAM conf in Budapest

Published
2004

18. Letters to America

Author

Kosicki, Piotr H., Stephens, M. G., Johnson, Alan, and Marejko, Jan

Published
2005

22. A New Measurement of the Partial 0+->0+ Half Life of 10C with GAMMASPHERE

Author

Fujikawa, B. K., Asztalos, S. J., Clark, R. M., Deleplanque-Stephens, M. -A., Fallon, P., Freedman, S. J., Lee, I-Y., Lising, L. J., Macchiavelli, A. O., MacLeod, R. W., Reich, J. C., Rowe, M. A., Shang, S. -Q., Stephens, F. S., Wasserman, E. G., and Greene, J. P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on a new measurement of the strength of the superallowed 0+->0+ transition in the beta-decay of 10C: 10C(0+,g.s.)->10B(0+,1.74MeV)+e+nu. The experiment was done at the LBNL 88-inch cyclotron using forty seven GAMMASPHERE germanium detectors. Precise knowledge of this branching ratio is necessary to compute the superallowed Fermi ft, which gives the weak vector coupling constant and the u to d element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa quark mixing matrix., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
1998

28. A New Measurement of the Partial 0+->0+ Half Life of 10C with GAMMASPHERE

Author

Fujikawa, BK, Asztalos, SJ, Clark, RM, Deleplanque-Stephens, M-A, Fallon, P, Freedman, SJ, Lee, I-Y, Lising, LJ, Macchiavelli, AO, MacLeod, RW, Reich, JC, Rowe, MA, Shang, S-Q, Stephens, FS, Wasserman, EG, and Greene, JP

Subjects
nucl-ex
Abstract

We report on a new measurement of the strength of the superallowed 0+->0+transition in the beta-decay of 10C: 10C(0+,g.s.)->10B(0+,1.74MeV)+e+nu. Theexperiment was done at the LBNL 88-inch cyclotron using forty seven GAMMASPHEREgermanium detectors. Precise knowledge of this branching ratio is necessary tocompute the superallowed Fermi ft, which gives the weak vector couplingconstant and the u to d element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa quark mixingmatrix.

Published
1998

29. Housing and welfare in Italy

Author

Grander, M, Stephens, M, Leonardi, D, Leonardi D., Grander, M, Stephens, M, Leonardi, D, and Leonardi D.

Abstract

The pandemic has made poverty worse, exacerbating a situation that was already difficult and is now nothing short of alarming. The Caritas report “Failed Reboot?” (Caritas Roma, 2021) presented in Rome on April 1, 2022, casts an unforgiving light on a very serious situation where it appears that “the only thing that’s been rebooted is poverty” 1 (Ciccarelli, 2022). As for inequality in Italy, the 2020 Oxfam Report “Time to Care” and its accompanying focus on Italy – tellingly entitled “DisuguItalia” 2 – paint an equally bleak picture. We read that the last 20 years have eroded social equity: the share of Italy’s national wealth in the hands of the richest 10 per cent has increased by 7.6 per cent, while that of the poorest half of the population has continued to shrink, dropping by 36.6 per cent. Women and young people are the most heavily penalized. Today, 30 per cent of young people who work do not earn more than €800 gross per month, and 13 per cent rank among the working poor. Furthermore, 11 per cent of Italian women are still forced to choose between working and looking after their children or other family members.

Published
2023

36. Measurement of the π− -Ar total hadronic cross section at the LArIAT experiment

Author

Gramellini, E., Ho, J., Acciarri, R., Adams, C., Asaadi, J., Backfish, M., Badgett, W., Baller, B., Basque, V., Rodrigues, O. Benevides, Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Bouabid, R., Bromberg, C., Carey, R., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cavanna, F., Aleman, J. I. Cevallos, Chatterjee, A., Dedin, P., Santos, M. V. dos, Edmunds, D., Escobar, C., Esquivel, J., Evans, J. J., Falcone, A., Flanagan, W., Fleming, B. T., Foreman, W., Garcia-Gamez, D., Gastler, D., Ghosh, T., Gomes, R. A., Gran, R., Gratieri, D. R., Guzowski, P., Hahn, A., Hamilton, P., Hill, C., Holin, A., Hugon, J., Iwai, E., Jensen, D., Johnson, R. A., Kawai, H., Kearns, E., Kemp, E., Kirby, M., Kobilarcik, T., Kordosky, M., Kryczynski, P., Lang, K., Linehan, R., Lockwitz, S., Luo, X., Machado, A. A. B., Marchionni, A., Maruyama, T., Santos, L. Mendes, Metcalf, W., Moura, C. A., Nichol, R., Nutini, I., Olivier, A., Palamara, O., Paley, J., Parmaksiz, I., Gelli, B. Passarelli, Paulucci, L., Phan, D., Pulliam, G., Raaf, J . L., Rebel, B., Guzzo, M. Reggiani, Ross-Lonergan, M., Nunes, M. Soares, Schmitz, D. W., Segreto, E., Shooltz, D., Smith, D., Soderberg, M., Soubasis, B., Spagliardi, F., John, J. M. St., Stancari, M., Stefan, D., Stephens, M., Sulej, R., Szelc, A. M., Tabata, M., Totani, D., Tzanov, M., Walker, D., Wenzel, H., Williams, Z., Yang, T., Yu, J., Zhang, S., and Zhu, J.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the negative pion total hadronic cross section on argon, which we performed at the Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) experiment. All hadronic reaction channels, as well as hadronic elastic interactions with scattering angle greater than 5~degrees are included. The pions have a kinetic energies in the range 100-700~MeV and are produced by a beam of charged particles impinging on a solid target at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. LArIAT employs a 0.24~ton active mass Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) to measure the pion hadronic interactions. For this measurement, LArIAT has developed the ``thin slice method", a new technique to measure cross sections with LArTPCs. While generally higher than the prediction, our measurement of the ($\pi^-$,Ar) total hadronic cross section is in agreement with the prediction of the Geant4 model when considering a model uncertainty of $\sim$5.1\%., Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted by PRD

Published
2022
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41. The skin and associated disorders

Author

Stephens, M

Subjects
integumentary system, Eczema, Humans, Skin Care, Skin Diseases, General Nursing, Skin
Abstract

This article aims to increase knowledge of the skin and associated disorders. Anatomy and physiology of the skin are briefly reviewed, and reference is made to common skin disorders. The main characteristics of a holistic skin assessment are discussed, and the signs to look for when undertaking an examination. The article concludes with a case study for context and reflection.

Published
2022

42. Pressure redistributing static chairs for preventing pressure ulcers

Author

Stephens, M, Bartley, C, and Dumville, JC

Subjects
Pressure Ulcer, Bias, Bedding and Linens, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Beds
Abstract

Background \ud Sitting can be viewed as a therapeutic intervention and an important part of a person's recovery process; but the risk of ulceration must be mitigated. Interventions for ulcer prevention in those at risk from prolonged sitting include the use of specialist cushions and surfaces, especially for wheelchair users. Whilst there is interest in the effects of different pressure redistributing cushions for wheelchairs, the benefits of pressure redistributing static chairs, compared with standard chairs, for pressure ulcer development in at-risk people are not clear. \ud Objectives \ud To assess the effects of pressure redistributing static chairs on the prevention of pressure ulcers in health, rehabilitation and social care settings, and places of residence in which people may spend their day. \ud Search methods \ud In June 2021 we searched the following electronic databases to identify reports of relevant randomised clinical trials: the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). We also searched clinical trials registers for ongoing and unpublished studies, and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses and health technology reports. There were no restrictions by language, date of publication or study setting. \ud Selection criteria \ud We sought to include published or unpublished randomised controlled trials that assessed pressure redistributing static chairs in the prevention or management of pressure ulcers. \ud Data collection and analysis \ud Two review authors independently performed study selection. We planned that two review authors would also assess the risk of bias, extract study data and assess the certainty of evidence according to GRADE methodology. \ud Main results \ud We did not identify any studies that met the review eligibility criteria, nor any registered studies investigating the role of pressure redistributing static chairs in the prevention or management of pressure ulcers.\ud Authors' conclusions \ud Currently, there is no randomised evidence that supports or refutes the role of pressure redistributing static chairs in the prevention or management of pressure ulcers. This is a priority area and there is a need to explore this intervention with rigorous and robust research.

Published
2022
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44. Sweden

Author

Stephens, M. B., Wahlgren, C. H., Weihed, P., and Moores, E. M.

Published
1997
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45. Registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about end-of-life care in non-specialist palliative care settings: A mixed studies review.

Author

Alshammari, F, Sim, J, Lapkin, S, Stephens, M, Alshammari, F, Sim, J, Lapkin, S, and Stephens, M

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe, evaluate and synthesise the literature on registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards end-of-life care in adult non-specialist palliative care settings. BACKGROUND: Little is known about the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of Registered Nurses working in non-specialist palliative care settings about end-of-life care. DESIGN: A mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted (PROSPERO Registration No: CRD4202148114). Five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were searched from inception to August 2020. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Registered nurses in non-specialist palliative care settings demonstrated good knowledge of pain symptoms and management and positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients and their families. Knowledge deficits were identified in the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of end-of-life care and registered nurses reported negative attitudes towards communication about death. Only five of the included studies explored registered nurses' beliefs towards end-of-life care. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to enhance palliative care education in clinical practice settings and in undergraduate programs to improve registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about end-of-life care. Future studies that use reliable and validated methods to measure registered nurses' beliefs about end-of-life care should be conducted. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: RNs in non-specialist palliative care settings want more education on pain management & greater knowledge on communicating about death/dying.

Published
2022

47. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition : Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, M. D., Rex, M., Blomquist, B., G. Persson, P. O., Schmale, J., Uttal, T., Althausen, D., Angot, H., Archer, S., Bariteau, L., Beck, I., Bilberry, J., Bucci, S., Buck, C., Boyer, M., Brasseur, Z., Brooks, I. M., Calmer, R., Cassano, J., Castro, V., Chu, D., Costa, D., Cox, C. J., Creamean, J., Crewell, S., Dahlke, S., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Deckelmann, H., Dethloff, K., Dütsch, M., Ebell, K., Ehrlich, A., Ellis, J., Engelmann, R., Fong, A. A., Frey, M. M., Gallagher, M. R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, R., Graeser, J., Greenamyer, V., Griesche, H., Griffiths, S., Hamilton, J., Heinemann, G., Helmig, D., Herber, A., Heuzé, C., Hofer, J., Houchens, T., Howard, D., Inoue, J., Jacobi, H. -W, Jaiser, R., Jokinen, T., Jourdan, O., Jozef, G., King, W., Kirchgaessner, A., Klingebiel, M., Krassovski, M., Krumpen, T., Lampert, A., Landing, W., Laurila, T., Lawrence, D., Lonardi, M., Loose, B., Lüpkes, C., Maahn, M., Macke, A., Maslowski, W., Marsay, C., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Morris, S., Moser, M., Nicolaus, M., Ortega, P., Osborn, J., Pätzold, F., Perovich, D. K., Petäjä, T., Pilz, C., Pirazzini, R., Posman, K., Powers, H., Pratt, K. A., Preußer, A., Quéléver, L., Radenz, M., Rabe, B., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Schulz, A., Siebert, H., Silva, T., Solomon, A., Sommerfeld, A., Spreen, G., Stephens, M., Stohl, A., Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, J., Viegas, J., Voigt, C., von der Gathen, P., Wehner, B., Welker, J. M., Wendisch, M., Werner, M., Xie, Z., Yue, F., Shupe, M. D., Rex, M., Blomquist, B., G. Persson, P. O., Schmale, J., Uttal, T., Althausen, D., Angot, H., Archer, S., Bariteau, L., Beck, I., Bilberry, J., Bucci, S., Buck, C., Boyer, M., Brasseur, Z., Brooks, I. M., Calmer, R., Cassano, J., Castro, V., Chu, D., Costa, D., Cox, C. J., Creamean, J., Crewell, S., Dahlke, S., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Deckelmann, H., Dethloff, K., Dütsch, M., Ebell, K., Ehrlich, A., Ellis, J., Engelmann, R., Fong, A. A., Frey, M. M., Gallagher, M. R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, R., Graeser, J., Greenamyer, V., Griesche, H., Griffiths, S., Hamilton, J., Heinemann, G., Helmig, D., Herber, A., Heuzé, C., Hofer, J., Houchens, T., Howard, D., Inoue, J., Jacobi, H. -W, Jaiser, R., Jokinen, T., Jourdan, O., Jozef, G., King, W., Kirchgaessner, A., Klingebiel, M., Krassovski, M., Krumpen, T., Lampert, A., Landing, W., Laurila, T., Lawrence, D., Lonardi, M., Loose, B., Lüpkes, C., Maahn, M., Macke, A., Maslowski, W., Marsay, C., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Morris, S., Moser, M., Nicolaus, M., Ortega, P., Osborn, J., Pätzold, F., Perovich, D. K., Petäjä, T., Pilz, C., Pirazzini, R., Posman, K., Powers, H., Pratt, K. A., Preußer, A., Quéléver, L., Radenz, M., Rabe, B., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Schulz, A., Siebert, H., Silva, T., Solomon, A., Sommerfeld, A., Spreen, G., Stephens, M., Stohl, A., Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, J., Viegas, J., Voigt, C., von der Gathen, P., Wehner, B., Welker, J. M., Wendisch, M., Werner, M., Xie, Z., and Yue, F.

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system s

Published
2022
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48. Visualizing Commognitive Responsibility Shift in Collaborative Problem-Solving During Computer-Supported One-to-One Math Tutoring

Author

Lu, J, Tuo, P, Feng, R, Stephens, M, Zhang, M, Shen, Z, Lu, J, Tuo, P, Feng, R, Stephens, M, Zhang, M, and Shen, Z

Abstract

The aim of this study is to use a commognitive responsibility framework to visualize responsibility shift in collaborative problem solving (CPS) during computer-supported one-to-one tutoring. Commognitive responsibility shift means that individuals' cognitive responsibility shift can be reflected by the discourse in communication. For our sample, we chose a 15-year-old Chinese boy and his mathematics teacher with 6 years of teaching experience, both of whom have experienced computer-supported learning and teaching mathematics, respectively. We collected four tutoring videos (each 60-90 min; in total, more than 330 min) online, and a 45-min interview video from the teacher. We found that the third type of commognitive responsibility shift in both the teacher's and student's CPS behavior online is not only teacher-student comparison but also alternating-led, which includes teacher-student-led (TS) and student-teacher-led (ST).

Published
2022

50. Genomics facilitates evaluation and monitoring of McCloud River Redband Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei)

Author

Habibi, E, Habibi, E, Miller, MR, Gille, D, Sanders, L, Rodzen, J, Aurniger, GM, Stephens, M, Finger, AJ, Habibi, E, Habibi, E, Miller, MR, Gille, D, Sanders, L, Rodzen, J, Aurniger, GM, Stephens, M, and Finger, AJ

Abstract

The McCloud River Redband Trout (MRRT; Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei) is a unique subspecies of rainbow trout that inhabits the isolated Upper McCloud River of Northern California. A major threat to MRRT is introgressive hybridization with non-native rainbow trout from historical stocking and contemporary unauthorized introductions. To help address this concern, we collected RAD-sequencing data on 308 total individuals from MRRT and other California O. mykiss populations and examined population structure using Principal Component and admixture analyses. Our results are consistent with previous studies; we found that populations of MRRT in Sheepheaven, Swamp, Edson, and Moosehead creeks are nonintrogressed. Additionally, we saw no evidence of introgression in Dry Creek, and suggest further investigation to determine if it can be considered a core MRRT conservation population. Sheepheaven Creek was previously thought to be the sole historical lineage of MRRT, but our analysis identified three: Sheepheaven, Edson, and Dry creeks, all of which should be preserved. Finally, we discovered diagnostic and polymorphic SNP markers for monitoring introgression and genetic diversity in MRRT. Collectively, our results provide a valuable resource for the conservation and management of MRRT.

Published
2022

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