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1. Perceptions of the impact of individual allergic rhinitis symptoms: A survey of ARIA clinical experts

Author

Sara Gil-Mata, MD, Tatiana Teixeira, MD, Anna Bedbrook, BSc, Jean Bousquet, PhD, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, PhD, Rafael José Vieira, MD, Julijana Asllani, Habib Douagui, Estrella Asayag, Castro Maria Elizabeth, Carlos D. Crisci, René Maximiliano Gomez, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Edgardo Jares, Jorge Fernando Máspero, Pablo Moreno, Hugo Eduardo Neffen, Mario Emilio Zernotti, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Kristin Chahhoud Carson, Biljana Cvetkovski, Janet M. Davies, Vicky Kritikos, Robyn O'Hehir, Brian Oliver, House Rachel Tan, Jessica Tattersall, Celia Zubrinich, Werner Aberer, Verena Niederberger-Leppin, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Virginie Doyen, Didier Ebo, Renaud Louis, Philippe Rombaux, Sophie Scheire, Kazi Bennoor, Bruno A. Barreto, Paulo Camargos, Herberto Jose Chong-Neto, Alvaro A. Cruz, Jane da Silva, Guidacci Marta, José Angelo Rizzo, Nelson Rosario Filho, Sarquis Serpa Faradiba, Dirceu Solé, Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira, George Christoff, Mandazhieva-Pepelanova Mariana, Odjakova Cvetanka, Todor A. Popov, Dilyana Vicheva, do Ceu Teixeira Maria, Jacques Bouchard, Jan Brozek, Derek K. Chu, Judah Denburg, Thomas Eiwegger, Paul K. Keith, Teresa To, Susan Waserman, Nancy Abusada, Emilio Alvarez Cuesta, Mario A. Calvo-Gil, Maria Antonieta Guzmán, Tamara Pérez Gomez, Wing Kin Wong Gary, Luo Zhang, Luis Caraballo, Alfonso Cepeda Sarabia, Dieudonné Nyembue, Manuel Soto-Martinez, Neven Miculinic, Davor Plavec, Constantinos Pitsios, Panayiotis Yiallouros, Petr Panzner, Milan Sova, Martina Vachova, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Ronald Dahl, Hans-Jorgen Malling, Lars Münter, Lars K. Poulsen, Suppli Ulrik Charlotte, Line Kring Tannert, Bassam Mahboub, Laila Salameh, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, de Guevara Karla Robles, Rasha Hassan El-Owaidy, Zeinab A. El-Sayed, Shereen Saad El-Sayed, Elham Hossny, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Kaja Julge, Nils Eric Billo, Patrik Eklund, Marina Erhola, Tari Haahtela, Jussi Karjalainen, Mika Makela, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Erkka Valovirta, Tuula Vasankari, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Isabelle Bossé, Melisande Bourgoin-Heck, Denis Charpin, André Coste, Frédéric de Blay, Philippe Devillier, Alain Didier, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Jean-François Fontaine, Jocelyne Just, Rachel Nadif, Nhân Pham-Thi, Bernard Pigearias, Nicolas Roche, Van Ganse Eric, Ekaterine Chkhartishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Maia Gotua, Sven Becker, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Thomas Bieber, Randolf Brehler, Roland Buhl, Adam M. Chaker, Ulf Darsow, Eckard Hamelmann, Joachim Heinrich, Thomas Keil, Ludger Klimek, Pavel Kolkhir, Susanne Lau, Marcus Maurer, Ralph Mösges, Angelos Neou, Oliver Pfaar, Johannes Ring, Martin Wagenmann, Torsten Zuberbier, Aiste Ramanauskaite, Anja Lingnau, Demetrios Christou, Sophia Neisinger, Xenophon Aggelidis, Jannis Constantinidis, Maria Dimou, Christos Grigoreas, Trisevgeni Kapsali, Michael Katotomichelakis, Stelios Loukides, Michael Makris, Emmanouil Manousakis, Nikolaos Mikos, Aris Pagkalos, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Vasileios Papanikolaou, Giannis Paraskevopoulos, Konstantina Piskou, Emmanuel Prokopakis, Fotios Psarros, Konstantinos Samitas, Sofia Stamataki, Evangelia Stefanaki Lina, Ekaterini Syrigou, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Mina Vallianatou, Dimitrios Vourdas, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Aspasia Karavelia, Fanny Wai San Ko, Gary Wong, Andor Hirschberg, Helga Kraxner, Kristof Nekam, Stephen Lane, Menachem Rottem, Cristina Artesani Maria, Simona Barbaglia, Bianca Beghé, Beatrice Bilo Maria, Attilio Boner, Matteo Bonini, Sergio Bonini, Fulvio Braido, Luisa Brussino, G Walter Canonica, Lorenzo Cecchi, Giorgio Ciprandi, Enrico Compalati, Gennaro D'Amato, Giulia De Feo, Stefano Del Giacco, Alessandro Fiocchi, Enrico Heffler, Carlo Lombardi, Riccardo Monti, Antonella Muraro, Eustachio Nettis, Stefania Nicola, Giovanni Passalacqua, Vincenzo Patella, Francesca Puggioni, Giovanni Rolla, Antonino Romano, Nicola Scichilone, Massimo Triggiani, Teresa Ventura Maria, Giovanni Viegi, Cristina Boccabella, Mattia Giovannini, Anand Mahesh Padukudru, Tomohisa Iinuma, Ken Ohta, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Kimihiro Okubo, Ruby Pawankar, Daiju Sakurai, Maho Suzukawa, Masao Yamaguchi, Zhanat Ispayeva, Yoon-Seok Chang, Hae-Sim Park, Mona Al-Ahmad, Ieva Cirule, Ineta Grisle, Carla Irani, Philip Rouadi, Fares Zaitoun, Ruta Dubakiene, Regina Emuzyte, Violeta Kvedariene, Brigita Gradauskiene, Arunas Valiulis, Markus Ollert, Farah Hannachi, Dejan Dokic, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Baharudin Abdullah, S.P. Palaniappan, Kent Woo, Stephen Montefort, Martín Bedolla Barajas, María del Carmen Costa Domínguez, Jesús Guillermo Espinoza Contreras, Jose Miguel Fuentes Pèrez, José Luis Gálvez Romero, María de la Luz Hortensia García Cruz, Sandra González Diaz, Yunuen Rocío Huerta Villalobos, Désiree E. Larenas-Linnemann, Jorge Agustin Luna-Pech, Juan José Matta Campos, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, Mónica Rodríguez González, Eréndira Rodríguez Zagal, Battur Lkhagvaa, Sandra Mavale-Manuel, Abrantes Nunes Elizabete, Niels Chavannes, Wytske J. Fokkens, Gerard Koppelman, Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, Sietze Reitsma, Ramanathan Chandrasekharan, Osman Yusuf, Maria Susana Repka-Ramirez, Juan Carlos Sisul, José E. Gereda, Marysia T. Recto, Slawomir Bialek, Artur Bialoszewski, Marta Chelminska, Radoslaw Gawlik, Ewa Jassem, Marek Jutel, Piotr Kuna, Maciej Kupczyk, Marcin Moniuszko, Marek Niedoszytko, Filip Raciborski, Jan Romantowski, Boleslaw Samolinski, Krzysztof Specjalski, Pedro Carreiro Martins, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisio Costa, Joao A. Fonseca, Olga Lourenço, Mario Morais-Almeida, Margarida Pereira Ana, Frederico Regateiro, Carlos Robalo Cordeiro, Jose Rosado Pinto, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Luis Taborda Barata, Ana Maria Todo-Bom, José Vieira Rafael, Daniela Carvalho, Maryam Ali Al-Nesf, Ioana Agache, Camelia Berghea Elena, Roxana Bumbacea, Diana Deleanu, Florin Mihaltan, Carmen Panaitescu Bunu, Musa Khaitov, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Elena Vishneva, Ali Alshaikh Nada, Sanja Dimic-Janjic, Branislava Milenkovic, De Yun Wang, Martin Hrubiško, Natalija Edelbaher, Maja Jošt, Peter Kopac, Mitja Košnik, Nika Lalek, Antonija Poplas Susic, Irma Rozman Sinur, Tanja Soklic Košak, Nadja Triller, Katja Triller, Jure Urbancic, Mihaela Zidarn, Michael Levin, Paul Potter, Heather Zar, Isam Alobid, Aram Anto, Joan Bartra, Irina Bobolea, Paloma Campo, Vicky Cardona, Maria Carriazo Ana, José Antonio Castillo Vizuete, Tomas Chivato, Ignacio Jesus Davila Gonzalez, Joaquim Mullol, Antonio Nieto Garcia, César Picado, Santiago Quirce, Joaquin Sastre, Leticia de las Vecillas, Mikael Benson, Inger Kull, Marianne van Hage, Magnus Wickman, Nikolai Khaltaev, Yousser Mohammad, Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn, Pakit Vichyanond, Cemal Cingi, Bilun Gemicioglu, Ozlem Goksel, Omer Kalayci, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Cem Meço, Koyuncu Ilgim Vardaloglu, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Deniz Eyice Karabacak, Bruce Kirenga, Ian Michael Adcock, Hasan S. Arshad, Mike Bewick, Christine Bond, Christopher Brightling, Andrew Bush, Moïses Calderon, Kian Fan Chung, Adnan Custovic, Ratko Djukanovic, Stephen Durham, John Farrell, David Halpin, Michael Hyland, Sebastian Johnston, Brian Lipworth, Alla Nakonechna, David Price, Graham Roberts, Dermot Ryan, Jürgen Schwarze, Aziz Sheikh, Mike Shields, Samantha Walker, Sian Williams, Igor Kaidashev, Andrii Igorevich Kurchenko, Vladyslav Tsaryk, David Bernstein, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Thomas B. Casale, Sharon Chinthrajah, Mark Dykewicz, Gailen D. Marshall, Eli O. Meltzer, Robert M. Naclerio, Alkis Togias, Elina Toskala, Dana Wallace, Dennis M. Williams, Barbara Yawn, Fernan Caballero-Fonseca, Lan Le Thi Tuyet, and Tran Thien Quan Vu

Subjects
Allergic rhinitis, Survey, Professional-patient relation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease. We aimed to assess the symptoms that physicians who see patients with AR perceive as the most bothersome in their patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire sent to all members of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative. The survey included questions on the physicians' perceptions of patients’ AR symptoms as well as of their own AR symptoms. Results: Among 401 respondents, 155 (38.7%) reported having AR. ARIA members reported nasal symptoms to be the most frequent (89.7%) and bothersome (80.0%) symptoms experienced by themselves. Likewise, nasal symptoms were reported by ARIA members as the most frequent (94.8% in members with AR vs 96.0% in members without AR) and bothersome (57.0% in members with AR vs 67.9% in members without AR) in their patients. We found a significant association (p = 0.001) between physicians’ own symptoms and those perceived as the most bothersome in their patients. Conclusion: Physicians perceive nasal symptoms to be the most frequent and the most bothersome symptoms in AR patients. The physicians' personal experiences with AR may influence their perception of patients’ symptoms.

Published
2024
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2. Estimating probability of visual detection of exotic pests and diseases in the grains industry—An expert elicitation approach

Author

Edith Arndt, Libby Rumpff, Stephen Lane, Sana Bau, Martin Mebalds, and Tom Kompas

Subjects
general surveillance, detection probability, biosecurity, expert judgment, grain agronomists, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Participants in the grains industry undertake general surveillance monitoring of grain crops for early detection of pests and diseases. Evaluating the adequacy of monitoring to ensure successful early detection relies on understanding the probability of detection of the relevant exotic crop pests and diseases. Empirical data on probability of detection is often not available. Our aim was to both gain a better understanding of how agronomists undertake visual crop surveillance, and use this insight to help inform structured expert judgments about the probability of early detection of various exotic grain pests and diseases. In our study we surveyed agronomists under a state funded program to identify survey methods used to undertake visual inspection of grain crops, and their confidence in detecting pests and diseases using the associated methods. We then elicited expert judgments on the probabilities of visual detection by agronomists of key exotic pests and diseases, and compared these estimates with the self-assessments of confidence made by agronomists. Results showed that agronomists used a systematic approach to visual crop inspection but that they were not confident in detecting exotic pests and diseases, with the exception of pest and diseases that affect leaves. They were most confident in visually detecting Barley stripe rust and Russian wheat aphid; however, confidence in detecting the latter was influenced by recent training. Expert judgments on the ability of agronomists to visually detect exotic pests and diseases early was in accordance with agronomists’ self-rated confidence of detection but highlighted uncertainty around the ability of agronomists in detecting non-leaf pests and diseases. The outcomes of the study demonstrated the utility of structured expert elicitation as a cost-effective tool for reducing knowledge gaps around the sensitivity of general surveillance for early detection, which in turn improves area freedom estimates.

Published
2022
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3. Clinical utility of anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal therapy in asthma using a national, centralised, outcome-based system of drug access

Author

Cathal Walsh, Michael Harrison, Richard W Costello, Roisin Adams, Desmond M Murphy, Caroline O'Leary, Christopher Schultz, Deborah Casey, Stephen Lane, Shane Doyle, and Fionnuala King

Subjects
Medicine, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Introduction Interleukin 5 (IL-5) inhibitors are an important therapeutic advance in the management of severe, refractory, eosinophilic asthma. However, their utilisation should be targeted to maximise their benefits. This study used multisite, centralised, national data collected over 18 months to perform an observational integrated, retrospective, cohort study of selection criteria for initiation and continuation of IL-5 inhibitor treatment in Ireland.Materials/patients and methods We used data from 230 patients who were given anti-IL-5 monoclonal therapy (reslizumab, mepolizumab or benralizumab) in Ireland between 2018 and 2020. Reimbursement of these drugs in Ireland requires fulfilling eligibility criteria defined by the Acute Hospitals Drugs Management Programme with continued reimbursement requiring ongoing submission of clinical data demonstrating clinical effectiveness.Results IL-5 inhibitor use for 18 months was associated with a total reduction in asthma-associated hospital admissions of 108 (p=0.036) and in non-hospital exacerbations of 85 in 18 months (p=0.014). Respiratory-associated GP visits were reduced from 637 in 12 months to 89 at 6 months and 210 at 18 months of treatment (p

Published
2022
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13. Contents

Author

Stephen Lane

Published
2018

14. Index

Author

Stephen Lane

Published
2018

20. Notes

Author

Stephen Lane

Published
2018

23. Objective Classification of mTBI Using Machine Learning on a Combination of Frontopolar Electroencephalography Measurements and Self-reported Symptoms

Author

M. Windy McNerney, Thomas Hobday, Betsy Cole, Rick Ganong, Nina Winans, Dennis Matthews, Jim Hood, and Stephen Lane

Subjects
EEG, mTBI, Machine learning, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background The reliable diagnosis of a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a pervasive problem in sports and in the military. The frequency and severity of each occurrence, while difficult to quantify, may impact long term cognitive function and quality of life. Despite the new revelations concerning brain disfunction from head injuries, individuals still feel pressure to remain on the field despite a debilitating injury. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of a system that could be employed on the sidelines or in the locker room to provide an immediate objective mTBI assessment. Methods Participants consisted of 38 individuals with a recent mTBI and 47 controls with no history of mTBI within the last 5 years. Participants were administered a simple symptom questionnaire, behavioral tests, and resting state EEG was measured using three frontopolar electrodes. An advanced machine learning algorithm called boosting was utilized to classify subjects into either injured or controls using power spectral densities on 1-min of resting EEG and the symptom questionnaire. Results Results based on leave-one-out cross-validation revealed that the addition of EEG measurements boosted the accuracy to approximately 91 ± 2% compared to 82 ± 4% from the symptom questionnaire alone. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential benefit of including EEG measurements to diagnose suspected brain injury patients. This is a step toward accurate and objective classification measurements that can be implemented on the field as a future injury assessment tool.

Published
2019
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24. Efficacy and safety of direct switch to indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with moderate COPD: the CRYSTAL open-label randomised trial

Author

Claus F. Vogelmeier, Mina Gaga, Maryam Aalamian-Mattheis, Timm Greulich, Jose M. Marin, Walter Castellani, Vincent Ninane, Stephen Lane, Xavier Nunez, Francesco Patalano, Andreas Clemens, Konstantinos Kostikas, and on behalf of the CRYSTAL study investigators

Subjects
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Dual bronchodilation, Indacaterol/glycopyrronium, Direct switch, Open-label, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Dual bronchodilation combining a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) is the preferred choice of treatment recommended by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 guidelines for the management of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The once-daily (q.d.) fixed-dose combination (FDC) of LABA, indacaterol 110 μg and LAMA, glycopyrronium 50 μg (IND/GLY 110/50 μg q.d.) demonstrated superior improvements in lung function, dyspnoea and overall health status and better tolerability against LABA or LAMA monotherapies and combination of LABA and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in more than 11,000 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD in several randomised controlled clinical trials. Methods The CRYSTAL study was the first, 12-week, randomised, open-label trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of a direct switch from previous treatments to IND/GLY 110/50 μg q.d. on lung function and dyspnoea in patients with moderate COPD and a history of up to one exacerbation in the previous year. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their background therapy and symptom scores and were randomised (3:1) to IND/GLY or to continue with their previous treatments. Results The study included 4389 randomised patients, of whom 2160 were in groups switched to IND/GLY (intention-to-treat population). The effect of IND/GLY was superior to LABA + ICS on trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; treatment difference, Δ = +71 mL) and transition dyspnoea index (TDI; [Δ = 1.09 units]), and to LABA or LAMA on trough FEV1 (Δ = +101 mL) and a TDI (Δ = 1.26 units). Improvements in health status and lower rescue medication use were also observed with IND/GLY. The safety profile of the study medication was similar to that observed in previous studies. Conclusions IND/GLY demonstrated superior improvements in lung function and dyspnoea after direct switch from previous treatments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01985334 .

Published
2017
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25. Non-interventional study of the safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate in real-world asthma management

Author

Vibeke Backer, Adam Ellery, Sylvia Borzova, Stephen Lane, Magda Kleiberova, Peter Bengtsson, Tadeusz Tomala, Dominique Basset-Stheme, Carla Bennett, Dirk Lindner, Arthur Meiners, and Tim Overend

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Introduction: In recognition of the value of long-term real-world data, a postauthorization safety study of the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone propionate and long-acting β 2 -agonist (LABA) formoterol fumarate (fluticasone/formoterol; Flutiform ® ) was conducted. Methods: This was a 12-month observational study of outpatients with asthma aged ⩾ 12 years in eight European countries. Patients were prescribed fluticasone/formoterol according to the licensed indication, and independently of their subsequent enrolment in the study. They were then treated according to local standard practice. The study objectives were to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fluticasone/formoterol under real-world conditions. Results: The safety population for this study comprised 2539 patients (mean age 47.7 years; 94.3% aged ⩾ 18 years; 63.4% female). Most patients (1538/2539, 60.6%) had switched to fluticasone/formoterol from another ICS/LABA, primarily due to lack of efficacy (1150/2539, 45.3%). Three quarters (77.4%) of patients were treated for 12 months, and 80.6% continued fluticasone/formoterol treatment after the study. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 60.0% patients, and 10.2% had AEs considered possibly related to fluticasone/formoterol [most commonly asthma exacerbation (2.0% patients), dysphonia (1.8%) and cough (1.1%)]. Thirty-six severe AEs, but no serious AEs, were considered possibly related to fluticasone/formoterol. The proportion of patients with controlled asthma (based on Asthma Control Test score ⩾ 20) increased from 29.4% at baseline to 67.4% at study end (last observation carried forward). The proportion of patients experiencing at least one severe exacerbation decreased from 35.8% in the year prior to enrolment to 9.8% during the study. Improvements from baseline to study end were also observed in Asthma Quality of Life scores and physician/patient reports of satisfaction with treatment. Conclusion: In this real-world postauthorization safety study, fluticasone/formoterol demonstrated a safety profile consistent with that seen in controlled clinical trials, with effectiveness in improving asthma control.

Published
2018
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26. What is the role of bronchial thermoplasty in the management of severe asthma?

Author

Aoife O’Reilly and Stephen Lane

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. Conventional therapy comprises inhaled corticosteroid and bronchodilators as well as trigger avoidance and management of comorbid conditions. A small group remain symptomatic despite these strategies and novel therapies have been developed. Bronchial thermoplasty is a nonpharmacological therapy which targets airway smooth muscle to improve asthma control. Clinical trials to date have shown the efficacy and safety of bronchial thermoplasty with a persistent effect on extended follow up. Questions remain regarding the exact mechanism of action of bronchial thermoplasty, the cost effectiveness of the procedure and the ideal criteria for patient selection.

Published
2018
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27. Structured Illumination-Based Super-Resolution Optical Microscopy for Hemato- and Cyto-Pathology Applications

Author

Tieqiao Zhang, Samantha Osborn, Chloe Brandow, Denis Dwyre, Ralph Green, Stephen Lane, and Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Structured illumination fluorescence microscopy utilizes interfering light and the moiré effect to enhance spatial resolution to about a half of that of conventional light microscopy, i.e. approximately 90 nm. In addition to the enhancement in the x and y directions, it also allows enhancement of resolution in the z- direction by the same factor of two (to approximately 220 nm), making it a powerful tool for 3-D morphology studies of fluorescently labeled cells or thin tissue sections. In this report, we applied this technique to several types of blood cells that are commonly seen in hematopathology. Compared with standard brightfield and ordinary fluorescence microscopy images, the 3-D morphology results clearly reveal the morphological features of different types of normal blood cells. We have also used this technique to evaluate morphologies of abnormal erythrocytes and compare them with those recorded on normal cells. The results give a very intuitive presentation of morphological structures of erythrocytes with great details. This research illustrates the potential of this technique to be used in hematology and cyto-pathology studies aimed at identifying nanometer-sized features that cannot be distinguished otherwise with conventional optical microscopy.

Published
2013
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28. Cell-phone-based platform for biomedical device development and education applications.

Author

Zachary J Smith, Kaiqin Chu, Alyssa R Espenson, Mehdi Rahimzadeh, Amy Gryshuk, Marco Molinaro, Denis M Dwyre, Stephen Lane, Dennis Matthews, and Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

In this paper we report the development of two attachments to a commercial cell phone that transform the phone's integrated lens and image sensor into a 350x microscope and visible-light spectrometer. The microscope is capable of transmission and polarized microscopy modes and is shown to have 1.5 micron resolution and a usable field-of-view of 150 x 50 with no image processing, and approximately 350 x 350 when post-processing is applied. The spectrometer has a 300 nm bandwidth with a limiting spectral resolution of close to 5 nm. We show applications of the devices to medically relevant problems. In the case of the microscope, we image both stained and unstained blood-smears showing the ability to acquire images of similar quality to commercial microscope platforms, thus allowing diagnosis of clinical pathologies. With the spectrometer we demonstrate acquisition of a white-light transmission spectrum through diffuse tissue as well as the acquisition of a fluorescence spectrum. We also envision the devices to have immediate relevance in the educational field.

Published
2011
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33. Emulating Randomized Controlled Trials with Hybrid Control Arms in Oncology: A Case Study

Author

Sanhita Sengupta, Ives Ntambwe, Katherine Tan, Qixing Liang, David Paulucci, Emily Castellanos, Joseph Fiore, Stephen Lane, Mariann Micsinai Balan, Kalyanee Viraswami‐Apanna, Venkat Sethuraman, Meghna Samant, and Ram Tiwari

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

This proof-of-concept study retrospectively assessed the feasibility of applying a hybrid control arm design to a completed phase 3 randomized controlled trial (RCT; CheckMate-057) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer using a real-world data (RWD) source. The emulated trial consists of an experimental arm (patients from the RCT experimental cohort) and a hybrid control arm (patients from the RCT and RWD control cohorts). For the RWD control cohort, this study used a nationwide EHR-derived de-identified database. Three frequentist statistical borrowing methods were evaluated: a two-step Cox model, a fixed Cox model, and propensity score-integrated composite likelihood ("Methods 1-3"). The experimental treatment effect for hybrid control designs were evaluated using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated from the Cox models accounting for covariate differences. The reduction in study duration compared to the RCT was also evaluated. All three statistical borrowing methods achieved comparable experimental treatment effects to that observed in the CheckMate-057 clinical trial, with HRs of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.92), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.91), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59,0.88) for Methods 1-3, respectively. Reduction in study duration time was 99-115 days when borrowing 30-38 events for Method 1-3 respectively. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to emulate an RCT using a hybrid control arm design using three frequentist propensity-score based statistical borrowing methods. Selection of an appropriate, fit-for-use RWD cohort is critical to minimizing bias in experimental treatment effect.

Published
2023
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35. A Physiotherapist-Led Paediatric Fracture Clinic was a Safe and Efficient Alternative to Traditional Outpatient Orthopaedic Care: A Preliminary Evaluation

Author

Richard Page, Peter Schoch, Stephen Lane, Stephen Gill, and Mark Napper

Abstract

Background: Demand for publicly funded orthopaedic outpatient services is growing rapidly which affects a health service’s ability to provide timely care. The current study describes the implementation and preliminary evaluation of a novel physiotherapist-led paediatric fracture clinic, which was introduced to provide more timely care to children. The study evaluated 1) the length of time patients spent in the outpatient department per appointment, 2) did-not-attend rates and 3) unplanned re-presentations to the clinic for the same problem. Methods: The study was conducted at a large regional hospital in Victoria, Australia. A physiotherapist-led paediatric fracture clinic was introduced in 2013 to provide care to children with acute simple limb fractures. Descriptive data for all patients seen in the clinic between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2018 were collected prospectively. The performance of the new service was evaluated by comparing it to the pre-existing orthopaedic surgeon-led fracture clinic for the six months prior to the introduction of the new service for 1) the total time patients spent in the outpatient department per appointment and 2) the number of patients that failed to attend an appointment. The pre-existing surgeon-led clinic was also compared to the surgeon-led clinic for the six months following the introduction of the physiotherapist-led clinic. Total time spent in the department per appointment was compared between groups using linear regression, controlling for age, diagnosis and appointment type (new or review). The proportion of patients who did not attend an appointment were compared between groups using the chi square test. The number of unplanned representations to either clinic was assessed between 01/01/2013 and 31/12/2018. Results: Between 2013 and 2018, there were 4337 attendances at the physiotherapist-led clinic. Total time in the department was significantly less (p.05) between the groups. Conclusions: The physiotherapist-led clinic improved the timeliness of care for paediatric patients without evidence of compromised patient safety. KEYWORDS: Paediatrics, musculoskeletal health, service evaluation, service redesign, workforce reform, fractures, orthopaedics.

Published
2022
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39. Service Engineering.

Author

Vasilios Andrikopoulos, Antonio Bucchiarone, Elisabetta Di Nitto, Raman Kazhamiakin, Stephen Lane, Valentina Mazza, and Ita Richardson

Published
2010
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45. The role of volcanic particle thermal conductivity, density, and porosity in influencing ice melt

Author

Katie Reeves, Jennie Gilbert, Stephen Lane, and Amber Leeson

Abstract

Volcanoes can generate pyroclastic material that is deposited on ice and snow surfaces. However, a range of particle properties and spatial distribution of layer thicknesses are associated with deposition of volcanic material1. This can modify the thermodynamic behaviour and optical properties of clean ice. Typically, thin layers of particles (i.e. in ‘dirty’ ice conditions) can increase ice ablation, whilst thick layers of particles (i.e. in ‘debris-covered’ conditions) can hinder ablation2. Therefore, the state of ice is an important control on the energy balance of an ice system. 20.4% of Earth’s known Holocene volcanoes are associated with glacier or permanent snow cover3, and so it is crucial to understand how volcanic material interacts with ice systems to (1) better understand the evolution of debris-covered and dirty ice in general and (2) forecast future ice-melt scenarios at individual ice-covered volcanoes.We present laboratory experiments that systematically reviewed the impact of volcanic particles of a range of compositions and properties (e.g. thermal conductivity, diameter, density, and albedo) on ice. Experiments assessed single particles and a scattering of particles on optically transparent and opaque ice, subjected to visible light illumination from a light emitting diode in a system analogous to dirty ice. Automated time-lapse images and in-person observations captured the response of particles and ice to radiation. Particles investigated included trachy-andesitic cemented ash particles from Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland), basaltic-andesitic scoria from Volcán Sollipulli (Chile), and rhyolitic pumice from Mount St. Helens (USA).The experiments provided insight into some of the processes associated with volcanic particle interaction with ice. Results demonstrated that all volcanic particles with varying albedos induced ice melt and drove convection systems within the meltwater. This convection resulted in indirect heating beyond the immediate margins of the particles. The particles additionally lost finer grained fragments to meltwater, further driving ice melt through the addition of multiple absorbing surfaces within the ice system. This demonstrated that volcanic particles have the capability to melt ice very effectively in dirty ice conditions. In all experiments, the particles had a low thermal conductivity (relative to ice), although the density differed between particle types. Our experiments showed that the porosity and density of a volcanic particle can dictate the behaviour of particle-ice interaction; a dense particle can melt downwards through the ice (in similarity with the behaviour of iron-based meteorites4), whilst a less dense particle can become buoyant in meltwater, resulting in an extensive area of surface melt.1. Möller et al. (2018), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-53-20182. Fyffe et al. (2020), Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, DOI: 10.1002/esp.48793. Curtis and Kyle (2017), Journal of Volc. And Geo. Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.0174. Evatt et al. (2016), Nature Comms., DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10679

Published
2022
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46. Metal–Organic Framework with Color-Switching and Strongly Polarized Emission

Author

Adam Johan Bergren, Alkiviathes Meldrum, Werner R. Heinz, Bernhard Rieger, Hui Wang, Wei Lin, Sergei I. Vagin, Vira Shyta, Kirsty Gardner, Stephen Lane, and Colin Van Dyck

Subjects
Scaffold, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, fungi, Intermolecular force, food and beverages, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Metal-organic framework, 0210 nano-technology, Structural motif
Abstract

Hybrid fluorescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) use long-range intermolecular structural motifs in which the properties of the scaffold molecular system can be designed for specific applications. In this work, we constructed a MOF–chromophore system with a strongly polarized fluorescence and a large emission wavelength shift. To achieve this, we first devised a fluorophore with a linear conjugated backbone, bulky and noninteracting side chains, and easily accessible nitrogen atoms on its pyridine end groups. The linear nature of the conjugated backbone can lead to a strongly polarized luminescence, the side groups assist structural stability and minimize intermolecular interactions, and the sterically accessible pyridines provide a large fluorescence color-changing ability. These features were demonstrated by synthesizing a planar Zn-based MOF in which the linear backbone of the chromophore molecules was highly aligned. The MOFs demonstrated a strong polarization effect and a color-shifting ability from green-yellow to orange. The results show that hybrid metal–organic materials can be designed to generate a strong command of the material luminescence, in terms of both emission color and polarization.

Published
2019
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47. Long Run to Glory : The Story of the Greatest Marathon in Olympic History and the Women Who Made It Happen

Author

Stephen Lane and Stephen Lane

Subjects
Women long-distance runners, Marathon running--History
Abstract

On the morning of August 5, 1984, four of the greatest marathoners of all time lined up for one of the most important and long-awaited races in history. By then, they had dominated their competition for at least five years, upending a century's worth of preconceived notions of what marathoners could do. By decade's end, they had lowered the world record a total of 13 minutes, won 27 major marathon titles, and swept every Olympic and World Championship held in the 1980s. And, in their careers, only once did all four—American Joan Benoit, Norwegians Grete Waitz and Ingrid Kristiansen, and Portugal's Rosa Mota—square off in the same race: at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, in the first-ever Women's Olympic Marathon.Such was their talent that Benoit, the world record holder, entered the race as the underdog. She'd had knee surgery in April, and no one, least of all Benoit herself, was certain she could hold up for 26 miles against her three rivals. Waitz, the former world record holder, was the favorite—she had destroyed the field at the 1983 World Championships and had never lost a marathon she had finished. Kristiansen, who had beaten Waitz twice in the summer of 1984 (albeit at shorter distances), was considered the fastest woman in the race: she held world records at 5,000m and 10,000m, and would break Benoit's marathon record in 1985. Mota had beaten Kristiansen at the 1982 European marathon championships, and was already earning a reputation for raising her level in the biggest races.This is their story, and the story of the first women's Olympic Marathon.

Published
2024

48. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Cristol, Jean-Paul, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Anto, Josep M, Martineau, Adrian, Haahtela, Tari, Fonseca, Susana C, Iaccarino, Guido, Blain, Hubert, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Canonica, G Walter, Fonseca, Joao A, Vidal, Alain, Choi, Hak-Jong, Kim, Hyun Ju, Le Moing, Vincent, Reynes, Jacques, Sheikh, Aziz, Akdis, Cezmi A, Zuberbier, Torsten, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Baharudin, Abdullah, Werner, Aberer, Nancy, Abusada, Ian, Adcock, Alejandro, Afani, Ioana, Agache, Xenofon, Aggelidis, Jenifer, Agustin, Cezmi, A Akdis, Mübeccel, Akdis, Mona, Al-Ahmad, Abou Al-Zahab Bassam, Hussam, Alburdan, Oscar, Aldrey-Palacios, Emilio Alvarez Cuesta, Hiba Alwan Salman, Ashraf, Alzaabi, Salma, Amade, Gene, Ambrocio, Rosana, Angles, Isabella, Annesi-Maesano, Ignacio, J Ansotegui, Josep, M Anto, Paula Ara Bardajo, Stefania, Arasi, Margarete, Arrais, Hasan, Arshad, Maria-Cristina, Artesani, Estrella, Asayag, Francesca, Avolio, Khuzama, Azhari, Claus, Bachert, Diego, Bagnasco, Ilaria, Baiardini, Nissera, Bajrović, Petros, Bakakos, Sergio Bakeyala Mongono, Christine, Balotro-Torres, Sergio, Barba, Cristina, Barbara, Elsa, Barbosa, Bruno, Barreto, Joan, Bartra, Xavier, Basagana, Eric, D Bateman, Lkhagvaa, Battur, Anna, Bedbrook, Martín Bedolla Barajas, Bianca, Beghé, Antra, Bekere, Elizabeth, Bel, Ali Ben Kheder, Mikael, Benson, Elena-Camelia, Berghea, Karl-Christian, Bergmann, Roberto, Bernardini, David, Bernstein, Mike, Bewick, Slawomir, Bialek, Artur, Białoszewski, Thomas, Bieber, Nils, E Billo, Maria-Beatrice, Bilo, Carsten, Bindslev-Jensen, Leif, Bjermer, Hubert, Blain, Irina, Bobolea, Malgorzata Bochenska Marciniak, Christine, Bond, Attilio, Boner, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bonini, Sinthia, Bosnic-Anticevich, Isabelle, Bosse, Sofia, Botskariova, Jacques, Bouchard, Louis-Philippe, Boulet, Rodolphe, Bourret, Philippe, Bousquet, Fulvio, Braido, Andrew, Briggs, Christopher, E Brightling, Jan, Brozek, Luisa, Brussino, Roland, Buhl, Roxana, Bumbacea, Rosalva, Buquicchio, María-Teresa Burguete Cabañas, Andrew, Bush, William, W Busse, Jeroen, Buters, Fernan, Caballero-Fonseca, Moïses, A Calderon, Mario, Calvo, Paulo, Camargos, Thierry, Camuzat, R Canevari, F, Antonio, Cano, G Walter Canonica, Arnaldo, Capriles-Hulett, Luis, Caraballo, Vicky, Cardona, Kai-Hakon, Carlsen, Jonas Carmona Pirez, Jorge, Caro, Warner, Carr, Pedro, Carreiro-Martins, Fredelita, Carreon-Asuncion, Ana-Maria, Carriazo, Carme Carrion, Y Ribas, Thomas, Casale, Mary-Ann, Castor, Elizabeth, Castro, G Caviglia, A, Lorenzo, Cecchi, Alfonso Cepeda Sarabia, Maciej, Chalubinski, Ramanathan, Chandrasekharan, Yoon-Seok, Chang, Victoria, Chato-Andeza, Lida, Chatzi, Christina, Chatzidaki, Niels, H Chavannes, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Aurora-Alejandra Chavez Garcia, Marta, Chelninska, Yuzhi, Chen, Lei, Cheng, Sharon, Chinthrajah, Tomas, Chivato, Ekaterine, Chkhartishvili, George, Christoff, Henry, Chrystyn, Derek, K Chu, Antonio, Chua, Alexander, Chuchalin, Kian Fan Chung, Alberto, Cicerán, Cemal, Cingi, Giorgio, Ciprandi, Ieva, Cirule, Ana-Carla, Coelho, Enrico, Compalati, Jannis, Constantinidis, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisio Manuel Costa, David, Costa, María Del Carmen Costa Domínguez, André, Coste, Cottini, M, Linda, Cox, Carlos, Crisci, Maria Angiola Crivellaro, Alvaro, A Cruz, John, Cullen, Adnan, Custovic, Biljana, Cvetkovski, Wienczyslawa, Czarlewski, Gennaro, D'Amato, Jane da Silva, Ronald, Dahl, Sven-Erik, Dahlen, Vasilis, Daniilidis, Louei Darjazini Nahhas, Ulf, Darsow, Janet, Davies, Frédéric de Blay, Giulia De Feo, Eloisa De Guia, José-Ricardo De la Torre Navarrete, Chato De Los Santos, Esteban De Manuel Keenoy, Govert De Vries, Diana, Deleanu, Pascal, Demoly, Judah, Denburg, Philippe, Devillier, Alain, Didier, Sanja Dimic Janjic, Maria, Dimou, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Ratko, Djukanovic, Maria Do Ceu Texeira, Dejan, Dokic, Margarita Gabriela Domínguez Silva, Habib, Douagui, Nikolaos, Douladiris, Maria, Doulaptsi, Gérard, Dray, Ruta, Dubakiene, Eve, Dupas, Stephen, Durham, Marzia, Duse, Mark, Dykewicz, Didier, Ebo, Natalija, Edelbaher, Thomas, Eiwegger, Patrik, Eklund, Yehia, El-Gamal, Zeinab, A El-Sayed, Shereen, S El-Sayed, Magda, El-Seify, Regina, Emuzyte, Lourdes, Enecilla, Marina, Erhola, Heidilita, Espinoza, Jesús Guillermo Espinoza Contreras, John, Farrell, Lenora, Fernandez, Paola Fimbres Jimenez, Antje Fink Wagner, Alessandro, Fiocchi, Wytske, J Fokkens, Lenia, Folletti, Joao, A Fonseca, Jean-François, Fontaine, Francesco, Forastiere, Jose Miguel Fuentes Pèrez, Emily, Gaerlan-Resureccion, Mina, Gaga, José Luis Gálvez Romero, Amiran, Gamkrelidze, Alexis, Garcia, Cecilia Yvonne García Cobas, María de la Luz Hortensia García Cruz, Valeria Garcia Ortiz, Jacques, Gayraud, Matteo, Gelardi, Bilun, Gemicioglu, Dimitra, Gennimata, Sonya, Genova, José, Gereda, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Antonio, Giuliano, René-Maximiliano, Gomez, Miguel-Ange Gonzalez Ballester, Sandra González Diaz, Maia, Gotua, Christos, Grigoreas, Ineta, Grisle, Marta, Guidacci, Nick, Guldemond, Zdenek, Gutter, Antonieta, Guzmán, Tari, Haahtela, Ramsa, Halloum, David, Halpin, Eckard, Hamelmann, Suleiman, Hammadi, Richard, Harvey, Enrico, Heffler, Joachim, Heinrich, Adnan, Hejjaoui, Birthe, Hellquist-Dahl, Luiana Hernández Velázquez, Mark, Hew, Elham, Hossny, Peter, Howarth, Martin, Hrubiško, Yunuen Rocío Huerta Villalobos, Marc, Humbert, Salina, Husain, Michael, Hyland, Guido, Iaccarino, Moustafa, Ibrahim, Nataliya, Ilina, Maddalena, Illario, Cristoforo, Incorvaia, Antonio, Infantino, Carla, Irani, Zhanat, Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Edgardo Ej Jares, Deborah, Jarvis, Ewa, Jassem, Klemen, Jenko, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz Uscanga, Sebastian, L Johnston, Guy, Joos, Maja, Jošt, Kaja, Julge, Ki-Suck, Jung, Jocelyne, Just, Marek, Jutel, Igor, Kaidashev, Omer, Kalayci, Fuat, Kalyoncu, Jeni, Kapsali, Przemyslaw, Kardas, Jussi, Karjalainen, Carmela, A Kasala, Michael, Katotomichelakis, Loreta, Kavaliukaite, Kazi, S Bennoor, Thomas, Keil, Paul, Keith, Musa, Khaitov, Nikolai, Khaltaev, You-Young, Kim, Bruce, Kirenga, Jorg, Kleine-Tebbe, Ludger, Klimek, Fanny, W Ko, Bernard Koffi N'Goran, Evangelia, Kompoti, Peter, Kopač, Gerard, Koppelman, Anja Koren Jeverica, Seppo, Koskinen, Mitja, Košnik, Tomasz, Kostka, Kosta, V Kostov, Marek, L Kowalski, Tanya, Kralimarkova, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Helga, Kraxner, Samo, Kreft, Vicky, Kritikos, Dmitry, Kudlay, Mikael, Kuitunen, Inger, Kull, Piotr, Kuna, Maciej, Kupczyk, Violeta, Kvedariene, Marialena, Kyriakakou, Nika, Lalek, Massimo, Landi, Stephen, Lane, Désiree, E Larenas-Linnemann, Susanne, Lau, Daniel, Laune, Jorge, Lavrut, Lan, Le, Martina, Lenzenhuber, Gualtiero, Leo, Marcus, Lessa, Michael, Levin, Jing, Li, Philip, Lieberman, Giuseppe, Liotta, Brian, Lipworth, Xuandao, Liu, Rommel, Lobo, Karin, C Lodrup Carlsen, Carlo, Lombardi, Renaud, Louis, Stelios, Loukidis, Olga, Lourenço, Jorge, A Luna Pech, Bojan, Madjar, Enrico, Maggi, Antoine, Magnan, Bassam, Mahboub, Alpana, Mair, Anke-Hilse Maitland van der Zee, Mika, Makela, Michael, Makris, Hans-Jorgen, Malling, Mariana, Mandajieva, Patrick, Manning, Manolis, Manousakis, Pavlos, Maragoudakis, Gianluigi, Marseglia, Gailen, Marshall, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Jorge, F Máspero, Juan José Matta Campos, Marcus, Maurer, Sandra, Mavale-Manuel, Cem, Meço, Erik, Melén, Giovanni, Melioli, Elisabete, Melo-Gomes, Eli, O Meltzer, Enrica, Menditto, Andrew, Menzies-Gow, Hans, Merk, Jean-Pierre, Michel, Yann, Micheli, Neven, Miculinic, Luís, Midão, Florin, Mihaltan, Nikolaos, Mikos, Manlio, Milanese, Branislava, Milenkovic, Dimitrios, Mitsias, Bassem, Moalla, Giuliana, Moda, María Dolores Mogica Martínez, Yousser, Mohammad, Frances-Montserrat, Moharra, Mostafa, Moin, Mathieu, Molimard, Isabelle, Momas, Monique, Mommers, Alessandro, Monaco, Stephen, Montefort, Lucia-Elvira, Montenegro, Riccardo, Monti, Dory, Mora, Mario, Morais-Almeida, Ralph, Mösges, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Joaquim, Mullol, Lars, Münter, Antonella, Muraro, Ruth, Murray, Antonio, Musarra, Tihomir, Mustakov, Robert, Naclerio, Kari, C Nadeau, Rachel, Nadif, Alla, Nakonechna, Leyla, Namazova-Baranova, Gretchen, Navarro-Locsin, Hugo, Neffen, Kristof, Nekam, Angelos, Neou, Eustachio, Nettis, Daniel, Neuberger, Laurent, Nicod, Stefania, Nicola, Verena, Niederberger-Leppin, Marek, Niedoszytko, Antonio, Nieto, Ettore, Novellino, Elizabete, Nunes, Dieudonné, Nyembue, Robyn, E O'Hehir, Cvetanka, Odjakova, Ken, Ohta, Yoshitaka, Okamoto, Kimi, Okubo, Brian, Oliver, Gabrielle, L Onorato, Maria Pia Orru, Solange, Ouédraogo, Kampadilemba, Ouoba, Francisco-Javier, Padilla, Pier Luigi Paggiaro, Aris, Pagkalos, Pajno, Giovanni Battista, Gianni, Pala, P Palaniappan, S, Isabella, Pali-Schöll, Susanna, Palkonen, Stephen, Palmer, Carmen Panaitescu Bunu, Petr, Panzner, Nikos, G Papadopoulos, Vasilis, Papanikolaou, Alberto, Papi, Bojidar, Paralchev, Giannis, Paraskevopoulos, Hae-Sim, Park, Giovanni, Passalacqua, Vincenzo, Patella, Ian, Pavord, Ruby, Pawankar, Soren, Pedersen, Susete, Peleve, Simona, Pellegino, Ana, Pereira, Mariana, Pereira, Tamara, Pérez, Andrea, Perna, Diego, Peroni, Oliver, Pfaar, Nhân, Pham-Thi, Bernard, Pigearias, Isabelle, Pin, Konstantina, Piskou, Constantinos, Pitsios, Davor, Plavec, Dagmar, Poethig, Wolfgang, Pohl, Antonija Poplas Susic, Todor, A Popov, Fabienne, Portejoie, Paul, Potter, Lars, Poulsen, Alexandra, Prados-Torres, Fotis, Prarros, David, Price, Emmanuel, Prokopakis, Francesca, Puggioni, Elisa, Puig-Domenech, Robert, Puy, Klaus, Rabe, Silvia, Rabotti, Filip, Raciborski, Josephine, Ramos, Cristina, Recalcati, Marysia, T Recto, Shereen, M Reda, Frederico, S Regateiro, Norbert, Reider, Sietze, Reitsma, Susana, Repka-Ramirez, Erminia, Ridolo, Janet, Rimmer, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, José Angelo Rizzo, Carlos, Robalo-Cordeiro, Graham, Roberts, Karen, Robles, Nicolas, Roche, Mónica Rodríguez González, Eréndira Rodríguez Zagal, Giovanni, Rolla, Christine, Rolland, Regina, Roller-Wirnsberger, Miguel Roman Rodriguez, Antonino, Romano, Jan, Romantowski, Philippe, Rombaux, Joel, Romualdez, Jose, Rosado-Pinto, Nelson, Rosario, Lanny, Rosenwasser, Oliviero, Rossi, Menachem, Rottem, Philip, W Rouadi, Nikoleta, Rovina, Irma Rozman Sinur, Mauricio, Ruiz, Lucy Tania Ruiz Segura, Dermot, Ryan, Hironori, Sagara, Daiki, Sakai, Daiju, Sakurai, Wafaa, Saleh, Johanna, Salimaki, Konstantinos, Samitas, Boleslaw, Samolinski, María Guadalupe Sánchez Coronel, Mario, Sanchez-Borges, Jaime, Sanchez-Lopez, Melissa, Sansonna, Codrut, Sarafoleanu, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, Joaquin, Sastre, Eleonora, Savi, Agne, Savonyte, Bisher, Sawaf, Glenis, K Scadding, Sophie, Scheire, Peter, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Juan Francisco Schuhl, Holger, Schunemann, Maria, Schvalbová, Jorgen, Schwarze, Nicola, Scichilone, Gianenrico, Senna, Cecilia, Sepúlveda, Elie, Serrano, Sara, Shamai, Aziz, Sheikh, Mike, Shields, Vasil, Shishkov, Nikos, Siafakas, Alexander, Simeonov, Estelle Fer Simons, Juan Carlos Sisul, Brigita, Sitkauskiene, Ingelbjorg, Skrindo, Tanja Soklič Košak, Dirceu, Solé, Martin, Sondermann, Talant, Sooronbaev, Manuel, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Soto-Quiros, Barnaro Sousa Pinto, Milan, Sova, Michael, Soyka, Krzysztof, Specjalski, Annette, Sperl, Otto, Spranger, Sofia, Stamataki, Lina, Stefanaki, Cristiana, Stellato, Rafael, Stelmach, Timo, Strandberg, Petra, Stute, Abirami, Subramaniam, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Michael, Sutherland, Silvia, Sylvestre, Aikaterini, Syrigou, Luis Taborda Barata, Nadejda, Takovska, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tan, Ing Ping Tang, Masami, Taniguchi, Line, Tannert, Pongsakorn, Tantilipikorn, Jessica, Tattersall, Filippo, Tesi, Uta, Thieme, Carel, Thijs, Mike, Thomas, Teresa, To, Ana Maria Todo-Bom, Alkis, Togias, Peter-Valentin, Tomazic, Vesna, Tomic-Spiric, Sanna, Toppila-Salmi, Maria-José Torres Jaen, Elina, Toskala, Massimo, Triggiani, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Triller, Ioanna, Tsiligianni, Uberti, M, Ruxandra, Ulmeanu, Jure, Urbancic, Marilyn Urrutia Pereira, Martina, Vachova, Felipe, Valdés, Rudolf, Valenta, Marylin Valentin Rostan, Antonio, Valero, Arunas, Valiulis, Mina, Vallianatou, Erkka, Valovirta, Michiel Van Eerd, Eric Van Ganse, Marianne van Hage, Olivier, Vandenplas, Tuula, Vasankari, Dafina, Vassileva, Cesar Velasco Munoz, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cécilia, Vera-Munoz, Frédéric, Viart, Dilyana, Vicheva, Pakit, Vichyanond, Petra, Vidgren, Giovanni, Viegi, Claus, Vogelmeier, Leena Von Hertzen, Theodoros, Vontetsianos, Dimitris, Vourdas, Vu Tran Thien Quan, Martin, Wagenmann, Samantha, Walker, Dana, Wallace, Yun De Wang, Susan, Waserman, Katrin, Wehner, Magnus, Wickman, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Williams, Nicola, Wilson, Gary, Wong, Kent, Woo, Lucyna, Wozniak, John, Wright, Piotr, Wroczynski, Paraskevi, Xepapadaki, Plamen, Yakovliev, Masao, Yamaguchi, Kwok, Yan, Yoke Yeow Yap, Mais, Yassin, Barbara, Yawn, Panayiotis, Yiallouros, Arzu, Yorgancioglu, Shigemi, Yoshihara, Ian, Young, Osman, B Yusuf, Asghar, Zaidi, Fares, Zaitoun, Petra, Zalud, Heather, Zar, T Zedda, M, Mario, E Zernotti, Luo, Zhang, Nanshan, Zhong, Mihaela, Zidarn, Torsten, Zuberbier, Celia, Zubrinich, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital [Finland] (HUCH), Departamento de Geociencias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territorio (DGAOT), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Istituto Clinico Humanitas [Milan] (IRCCS Milan), Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), AgroParisTech, World Institute of Kimchi [Gwangju], Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Edinburgh, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Universidade do Porto, University of Naples Federico II, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), MORNET, Dominique, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Bousquet J., Cristol J.-P., Czarlewski W., Anto J.M., Martineau A., Haahtela T., Fonseca S.C., Iaccarino G., Blain H., Fiocchi A., Canonica G.W., Fonseca J.A., Vidal A., Choi H.-J., Kim H.J., Le Moing V., Reynes J., Sheikh A., Akdis C.A., Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abdullah B., Aberer W., Abusada N., Adcock I., Afani A., Agache I., Aggelidis X., Agustin J., Akdis M., Al-Ahmad M., Al-Zahab Bassam A., Alburdan H., Aldrey-Palacios O., Alvarez Cuesta E., Alwan Salman H., Alzaabi A., Amade S., Ambrocio G., Angles R., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I.J., Ara Bardajo P., Arasi S., Arrais M., Arshad H., Artesani M.-C., Asayag E., Avolio F., Azhari K., Bachert C., Bagnasco D., Baiardini I., Bajrovic N., Bakakos P., Bakeyala Mongono S., Balotro-Torres C., Barba S., Barbara C., Barbosa E., Barreto B., Bartra J., Basagana X., Bateman E.D., Battur L., Bedbrook A., Bedolla Barajas M., Beghe B., Bekere A., Bel E., Ben Kheder A., Benson M., Berghea E.-C., Bergmann K.-C., Bernardini R., Bernstein D., Bewick M., Bialek S., Bialoszewski A., Bieber T., Billo N.E., Bilo M.-B., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Bobolea I., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bond C., Boner A., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Botskariova S., Bouchard J., Boulet L.-P., Bourret R., Bousquet P., Braido F., Briggs A., Brightling C.E., Brozek J., Brussino L., Buhl R., Bumbacea R., Buquicchio R., Burguete Cabanas M.-T., Bush A., Busse W.W., Buters J., Caballero-Fonseca F., Calderon M.A., Calvo M., Camargos P., Camuzat T., Canevari F., Cano A., Canonican G.W., Capriles-Hulett A., Caraballo L., Cardona V., Carlsen K.-H., Carmona Pirez J., Caro J., Carr W., Carreiro-Martins P., Carreon-Asuncion F., Carriazo A.-M., CarrionyRibas C., Casale T., Castor M.-A., Castro E., Caviglia A.G., Cecchi L., Cepeda Sarabia A., Chalubinski M., Chandrasekharan R., Chang Y.-S., Chato-Andeza V., Chatzi L., Chatzidaki C., Chavannes N.H., Chaves Loureiro C., Chavez Garcia A.-A., Chelninska M., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chinthrajah S., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D.K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K.F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A.-C., Compalati E., Constantinidis J., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E.M., Costa D., del Carmen Costa Dominguez M., Coste A., Cottini M., Cox L., Crisci C., Crivellaro M.A., Cruz A.A., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'Amato G., da Silva J., Dahl R., Dahlen S.-E., Daniilidis V., Darjazini Nahhas L., Darsow U., Davies J., de Blay F., De Feo G., De Guia E., De la Torre Navarrete J.-R., De los Santos C., De Manuel Keenoy E., De Vries G., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimic Janjic S., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Djukanovic R., Do Ceu Texeira M., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M.G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Dupas E., Durham S., Duse M., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eiwegger T., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z.A., El-Sayed S.S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Erhola M., Espinoza H., Espinoza Contreras J.G., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Fimbres Jimenez P., Fink Wagner A., Fokkens W.J., Folletti L., Fontaine J.-F., Forastiere F., Fuentes Perez J.M., Gaerlan-Resureccion E., Gaga M., Galvez Romero J.L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Garcia Cobas C.Y., de la Luz Hortensia Garcia Cruz M., Ortiz V.G., Gayraud J., Gelardi M., Gemicioglu B., Gennimata D., Genova S., Gereda J., Gerth van Wijk R., Giuliano A., Gomez R.-M., Gonzalez Ballester M.-A., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Halpin D., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heffler E., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Hernandez Velazquez L., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Huerta Villalobos Y.R., Humbert M., Husain S., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilina N., Illario M., Incorvaia C., Infantino A., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Ivancevich J.C., Jares E.E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Jimeneracruz Uscanga R.D., Johnston S.L., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K.-S., Just J., Jutel M., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C.A., Katotomichelakis M., Kavaliukaite L., Bennoor K.S., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y.-Y., Kirenga B., Kleine-Tebbe J., Klimek L., Ko F.W., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Koren Jeverica A., Koskinen S., Kosnik M., Kostka T., Kostov K.V., Kowalski M.L., Kralimarkova T., Kramer Vrscaj K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kuitunen M., Kull I., Kuna P., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Landi M., Lane S., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., Lau S., Laune D., Lavrut J., Le L., Lenzenhuber M., Leo G., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J.A., Madjar B., Maggi E., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Maitland van der Zee A.-H., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H.-J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marseglia G., Marshall G., Masjedi M.R., Maspero J.F., Matta Campos J.J., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melioli G., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J.-P., Micheli Y., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikos N., Milanese M., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Mogica Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Moharra F.-M., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Mommers M., Monaco A., Montefort S., Montenegro L.-E., Monti R., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B.E., Mullol J., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Musarra A., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadeau K.C., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nettis E., Neuberger D., Nicod L., Nicola S., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'Hehir R.E., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G.L., Orru M.P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Padilla F.-J., Paggiaro P.L., Pagkalos A., Pajno G., Pala G., Palaniappan S., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Panaitescu Bunu C., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H.-S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pellegino S., Pereira A., Pereira M., Perez T., Perna A., Peroni D., Pfaar O., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Poplas Susic A., Popov T.A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puggioni F., Puig-Domenech E., Puy R., Rabe K., Rabotti S., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recalcati C., Recto M.T., Reda S.M., Regateiro F.S., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Ridolo E., Rimmer J., Rivero Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Robles K., Roche N., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez Zagal E., Rolla G., Rolland C., Roller-Wirnsberger R., Roman Rodriguez M., Romano A., Romantowski J., Rombaux P., Romualdez J., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Rosenwasser L., Rossi O., Rottem M., Rouadi P.W., Rovina N., Rozman Sinur I., Ruiz M., Ruiz Segura L.T., Ryan D., Sagara H., Sakai D., Sakurai D., Saleh W., Salimaki J., Samitas K., Samolinski B., Sanchez Coronel M.G., Sanchez-Borges M., Sanchez-Lopez J., Sansonna M., Sarafoleanu C., Sarquis Serpa F., Sastre J., Savi E., Savonyte A., Sawaf B., Scadding G.K., Scheire S., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Schuhl J.F., Schunemann H., Schvalbova M., Schwarze J., Scichilone N., Senna G., Sepulveda C., Serrano E., Shamai S., Shields M., Shishkov V., Siafakas N., Simeonov A., Simons E.F., Sisul J.C., Sitkauskiene B., Skrindo I., Soklic Kosak T., Sole D., Sondermann M., Sooronbaev T., Soto-Martinez M., Soto-Quiros M., Pinto B.S., Sova M., Soyka M., Specjalski K., Sperl A., Spranger O., Stamataki S., Stefanaki L., Stellato C., Stelmach R., Strandberg T., Stute P., Subramaniam A., Suppli Ulrik C., Sutherland M., Sylvestre S., Syrigou A., Taborda Barata L., Takovska N., Tan R., Tan F., Tan V., Tang I.P., Taniguchi M., Tannert L., Tantilipikorn P., Tattersall J., Tesi F., Thieme U., Thijs C., Thomas M., To T., Todo-Bom A.M., Togias A., Tomazic P.-V., Tomic-Spiric V., Toppila-Salmi S., Torres Jaen M.-J., Toskala E., Triggiani M., Triller N., Triller K., Tsiligianni I., Uberti M., Ulmeanu R., Urbancic J., Urrutia Pereira M., Vachova M., Valdes F., Valenta R., Valentin Rostan M., Valero A., Valiulis A., Vallianatou M., Valovirta E., Van Eerd M., Van Ganse E., van Hage M., Vandenplas O., Vasankari T., Vassileva D., Velasco Munoz C., Ventura M.T., Vera-Munoz C., Viart F., Vicheva D., Vichyanond P., Vidgren P., Viegi G., Vogelmeier C., Von Hertzen L., Vontetsianos T., Vourdas D., Tran Thien Quan V., Wagenmann M., Walker S., Wallace D., De Wang Y., Waserman S., Wehner K., Wickman M., Williams S., Williams D., Wilson N., Wong G., Woo K., Wozniak L., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Xepapadaki P., Yakovliev P., Yamaguchi M., Yan K., Yap Y.Y., Yassin M., Yawn B., Yiallouros P., Yorgancioglu A., Yoshihara S., Young I., Yusuf O.B., Zaidi A., Zaitoun F., Zalud P., Zar H., Zedda M.T., Zernotti M.E., Zhang L., Zhong N., and Zidarn M.

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, ARIA group, Allergy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NF-KAPPA-B, debelost, Review, Pharmacology, Resveratrol, PROTECTS, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, OXIDATIVE STRESS, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, RESPIRATORY, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Muscle cell proliferation, SULFORAPHANE, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, SIGNALING PATHWAY, Signal transduction, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, NRF2 ACTIVATORS, MUSCLE-CELL PROLIFERATION, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, Lung injury, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, ACUTE LUNG INJURY, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, udc:616.9, odpornost proti inzulinu, SULFORAPHANE PROTECTS, Transcription factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, food, medicine.disease, chemistry, hranila, SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, business, hrana, GREEN TEA
Abstract

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.

Published
2020
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49. Arthroscopic repair of inferior glenoid labrum tears (Down Under lesions) produces similar outcomes to other glenoid tears

Author

Richard S, Page, James A, Fraser-Moodie, Grant, Bayne, Tyler, Mow, Stephen, Lane, Graeme, Brown, and Stephen D, Gill

Subjects
Joint Instability, Scapula, Arthroscopy, Shoulder Joint, Humans, Prospective Studies, Rotator Cuff Injuries
Abstract

Inferior glenoid labral tears are an uncommon but distinct shoulder injury. Only a small number of studies have reported outcomes following arthroscopic repair. The aim of the current study was to report minimum 2-year outcomes following inferior labral repair and to compare outcomes and risk factors associated with the injury to non-inferior labral tears. Whether preoperative MRI or MRA identified inferior labral tears was also assessed.A prospective study of 162 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic glenoid labral repair, excluding isolated superior labral tears, was conducted. Of the 130 patients available for follow-up, 18 (13.7%) had an inferior labral tear ("Down Under lesion"), the remainder had anterior, posterior or mixed anterior/posterior lesions that did not include the inferior pole. Mean follow-up time for the Down Under group was 44 months (SD 10, range 27-57), and 30 months (SD 14, range 4-60) for the non-Down Under group. Postoperative outcomes included the Oxford Shoulder Instability Score and recurrent instability. Associations between Down Under lesions and injury mechanism, instability at presentation, recurrent instability and family history were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Preoperative MRI or MRA reports by radiologists were examined to determine if Down Under lesions were identified.Oxford Shoulder Instability Scores indicated that most patients in both groups had little pain or shoulder problems postoperatively (average Oxford Score 41; 48 = no symptoms). Oxford Scores were not significantly different between the Down Under and non-Down Under groups. Four patients (22.2%) in the Down Under group had recurring symptoms (pain and instability) compared to 12 (10.6%) in the non-Down Under group; this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.19,4.77). Family history of shoulder instability was positively associated with a Down Under lesion (adjusted OR 5.0, 95%CI 1.51,16.7). MRI or MRA identified 52.9% of Down Under lesions.Down Under lesions were an infrequent type of glenoid labral injury, yet postoperative outcomes were similar to other labral tears. Patients with Down Under lesions had a significant risk factor due to family history of shoulder instability. MRI and MRA could not reliably identify Down Under lesions.Level III.

Published
2020

50. The City & Guilds Textbook: Plumbing Book 2, Second Edition: For the Level 3 Apprenticeship (9189), Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma (8202), Level 3 Diploma (6035) & T Level Occupational Specialisms (8710)

Author

Peter Tanner, Stephen Lane, Peter Tanner, and Stephen Lane

Subjects
Plumbing--Problems, exercises, etc, Plumbing
Abstract

Equip your learners with the tools for success in a career as a plumber with this comprehensive and updated edition of our bestselling textbook, published in association with City & Guilds.The newly updated and fully revised second edition will help learners:- Study with confidence, covering all core content for the 6035, 9189 and 8202 specifications, as well as the 355 and 356 plumbing and heating T Level occupational specialisms. - Target their learning with detailed qualification mapping grids. - Get to grips with technical content presented in accessible language. - Enhance their understanding of plumbing practice with clear and accurate illustrations and diagrams demonstrating the technical skills they need to master. - Practise maths and English in context, with embedded'Improve your maths'and'Improve your English'activities. - Test their knowledge with end-of-chapter practice questions and practical tasks. - Prepare for the workplace with up-to-date information on relevant key regulations and industry standards.- Keep their knowledge current, with clear coverage of major modern cold water, hot water, central heating, sanitation, rainwater systems and environmental technologies.

Published
2022

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