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1. MILLISECOND PULSAR AGES: IMPLICATIONS OF BINARY EVOLUTION AND A MAXIMUM SPIN LIMIT

Author: Bulent Kiziltan and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Millisecond, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Neutron star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, education, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stellar evolution, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: In the absence of constraints from the binary companion or supernova remnant, the standard method for estimating pulsar ages is to infer an age from the rate of spin-down. While the generic spin-down age may give realistic estimates for normal pulsars, it can fail for pulsars with very short periods. Details of the spin-up process during the low mass X-ray binary phase pose additional constraints on the period (P) and spin-down rates (Pdot) that may consequently affect the age estimate. Here, we propose a new recipe to estimate millisecond pulsar (MSP) ages that parametrically incorporates constraints arising from binary evolution and limiting physics. We show that the standard method can be improved by this approach to achieve age estimates closer to the true age whilst the standard spin-down age may over- or under-estimate the age of the pulsar by more than a factor of ~10 in the millisecond regime. We use this approach to analyze the population on a broader scale. For instance, in order to understand the dominant energy loss mechanism after the onset of radio emission, we test for a range of plausible braking indices. We find that a braking index of n=3 is consistent with the observed MSP population. We demonstrate the existence and quantify the potential contributions of two main sources of age corruption: the previously known "age bias" due to secular acceleration and "age contamination" driven by sub-Eddington progenitor accretion rates. We explicitly show that descendants of LMXBs that have accreted at very low rates will exhibit ages that appear older than the age of the Galaxy. We further elaborate on this technique, the implications and potential solutions it offers regarding MSP evolution, the underlying age distribution and the post-accretion energy loss mechanism., Comment: Replaced with version published by ApJ. Tables reformatted and minor changes to the text. Full resolution color figures and movies available at http://www.kiziltan.org/research.html#ages
Published: 2010
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2. Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of PSR J1836+5925

Author: C. Meurer, R. E. Hughes, E. Hays, S. Murgia, M. T. Wolff, F. Piron, G. M. Madejski, D. J. Thompson, Alice K. Harding, Jean Ballet, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Brian L Winer, K. Watters, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Omer Celik, M. Pierbattista, A. Tramacere, T. L. Usher, T. H. Burnett, Jürgen Knödlseder, A. A. Moiseev, Stefano Ciprini, Takaaki Tanaka, E. J. Siskind, Felix Ryde, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Y. Edmonds, Nanda Rea, A. Y. Rodriguez, Matthew G. Baring, M. Ziegler, Guido Barbiellini, S. Germani, Stephen Fegan, Scott M. Ransom, R. Claus, W. N. Johnson, Paul S. Ray, M. S. Strickman, M. Frailis, L. S. Rochester, Elliott D. Bloom, P. D. Smith, T. Ylinen, D. Hadasch, Stefan Funk, D. Parent, C. C. Cheung, J. H. Panetta, M. Brigida, James Chiang, M.-H. Grondin, A. Reimer, Hiromitsu Takahashi, A. Chekhtman, F. Loparco, N. Vilchez, Dario Gasparrini, D. Horan, Roger Blandford, Markus Ackermann, R. Dubois, Ronaldo Bellazzini, A. Makeev, M. N. Mazziotta, W. B. Focke, W. B. Atwood, Gianluca Giavitto, W. Mitthumsiri, Julie McEnery, Neil Gehrels, Roger W. Romani, T. Reposeur, G. A. Caliandro, J. P. Norris, A. W. Borgland, A. A. Abdo, E. Orlando, L. Guillemot, Nicola Giglietto, P. Spinelli, M. E. Monzani, M. Razzano, M. Roth, A. De Luca, A. Morselli, Fernando Camilo, V. Vitale, Francesco Giordano, M. N. Lovellette, Tyrel J. Johnson, P. A. Caraveo, Nicola Omodei, Denis Bastieri, J. M. Casandjian, T. Kamae, Stephen E. Thorsett, Alessandro Brez, Persis S. Drell, R. A. Cameron, E. Do Couto E Silva, A. Van Etten, Igor V. Moskalenko, P. Fortin, P. Lubrano, P. L. Nolan, J. Lande, Sylvain Guiriec, J. Bregeon, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Olaf Reimer, V. Vasileiou, K. S. Wood, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Seth Digel, F. Gargano, S. Carrigan, Luca Latronico, Luca Baldini, Martino Marelli, I. A. Grenier, E. Nuss, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. G. Thayer, David Paneque, T. Ohsugi, Miranda Jackson, M. Kuss, C. Favuzzi, Jonathan F. Ormes, C. Monte, T. A. Porter, O. Tibolla, Gloria Spandre, Y. Kanai, V. Pelassa, D. Dumora, Jun Kataoka, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, Keith Bechtol, L. Tibaldo, A. P. Waite, Eric Charles, Christo Venter, P. Wang, S. Buson, D. J. Suson, A. De Angelis, A. S. Johnson, Diego F. Torres, C. Gwon, Jeffrey D. Scargle, G. Tosti, Christian Farnier, M. Dormody, Emanuele Bonamente, N. Kawai, M. Pepe, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, P. Fusco, B. Berenji, Hideaki Katagiri, Andrea Belfiore, Matthew Kerr, Claudia Cecchi, Jan Conrad, Pascal Bruel, Peter F. Michelson, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, R. P. Johnson, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, Francesco Longo, A. Sander, David Stanley Smith, G. Godfrey, F. de Palma, T. Glanzman, Benoit Lott, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fermi-LAT, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Belfiore, A., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Camilo, F., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Angelis, A. d., Luca, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gwon, C., Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kanai, Y., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Razzano, M., Rea, N., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Etten, A. V., Vasileiou, V., Venter, C., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Watters, K., Winer, B. L., Wolff, M. T., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Pulsar planet, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma rays: general, Pulsars: general, pulsars: individual (PSR J1836+5925), 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, pulsars: individual: PSR J1836+5925, Physics, education.field_of_study, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The discovery of the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1836+5925, powering the formerly unidentified EGRET source 3EG J1835+5918, was one of the early accomplishments of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Sitting 25 degrees off the Galactic plane, PSR J1836+5925 is a 173 ms pulsar with a characteristic age of 1.8 million years, a spindown luminosity of 1.1$\times10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and a large off-peak emission component, making it quite unusual among the known gamma-ray pulsar population. We present an analysis of one year of LAT data, including an updated timing solution, detailed spectral results and a long-term light curve showing no indication of variability. No evidence for a surrounding pulsar wind nebula is seen and the spectral characteristics of the off-peak emission indicate it is likely magnetospheric. Analysis of recent XMM observations of the X-ray counterpart yields a detailed characterization of its spectrum, which, like Geminga, is consistent with that of a neutron star showing evidence for both magnetospheric and thermal emission., Accepted to Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2010
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3. PRECISION ASTROMETRY WITH THE VERY LONG BASELINE ARRAY: PARALLAXES AND PROPER MOTIONS FOR 14 PULSARS

Author: Walter Brisken, Michael Kramer, Stephen E. Thorsett, Edward B. Fomalont, Shami Chatterjee, T. J. W. Lazio, Andrew Lyne, Wouter Vlemmings, J. M. Cordes, and W. M. Goss
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrometry, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Interstellar medium, Neutron star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pulsar, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Parallax, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Very Long Baseline Array, Open cluster
Abstract: Astrometry can bring powerful constraints to bear on a variety of scientific questions about neutron stars, including their origins, astrophysics, evolution, and environments. Using phase-referenced observations at the VLBA, in conjunction with pulsar gating and in-beam calibration, we have measured the parallaxes and proper motions for 14 pulsars. The smallest measured parallax in our sample is 0.13+-0.02 mas for PSR B1541+09, which has a most probable distance of 7.2+1.3-1.1 kpc. We detail our methods, including initial VLA surveys to select candidates and find in-beam calibrators, VLBA phase-referencing, pulsar gating, calibration, and data reduction. The use of the bootstrap method to estimate astrometric uncertainties in the presence of unmodeled systematic errors is also described. Based on our new model-independent estimates for distance and transverse velocity, we investigate the kinematics and birth sites of the pulsars and revisit models of the Galactic electron density distribution. We find that young pulsars are moving away from the Galactic plane, as expected, and that age estimates from kinematics and pulsar spindown are generally in agreement, with certain notable exceptions. Given its present trajectory, the pulsar B2045-16 was plausibly born in the open cluster NGC 6604. For several high-latitude pulsars, the NE2001 electron density model underestimates the parallax distances by a factor of two, while in others the estimates agree with or are larger than the parallax distances, suggesting that the interstellar medium is irregular on relevant length scales. The VLBA astrometric results for the recycled pulsar J1713+0747 are consistent with two independent estimates from pulse timing, enabling a consistency check between the different reference frames., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables; results unchanged; revised version accepted by ApJ
Published: 2009
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4. Age constraints in the double pulsar system J0737-3039

Author: Duncan R. Lorimer, Bhal Chandra Joshi, Maura McLaughlin, Stephen E. Thorsett, Ingrid H. Stairs, M. Burgay, N. D'Amico, Andrew Lyne, Michael Kramer, Paulo C. C. Freire, R. J. Dewey, Richard N. Manchester, and A. Possenti
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, myr, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Neutron star, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate the age constraints that can be placed on the double pulsar system using models for the spin-down of the first-born 22.7-ms pulsar A and the 2.77-s pulsar B with characteristic ages of 210 and 50 Myr respectively. Standard models assuming dipolar spin-down of both pulsars suggest that the time since the formation of B is ~50 Myr, i.e. close to B's characteristic age. However, adopting models which account for the impact of A's relativistic wind on B's spin-down we find that the formation of B took place either 80 or 180 Myr ago, depending the interaction mechanism. Formation 80 Myr ago, closer to B's characteristic age, would result in the contribution from J0737-3039 to the inferred coalescence rates for double neutron star binaries increasing by 40%. The 180 Myr age is closer to A's characteristic age and would be consistent with the most recent estimates of the coalescence rate. The new age constraints do not significantly impact recent estimates of the kick velocity, tilt angle between pre and post-supernova orbital planes or pre-supernova mass of B's progenitor., 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Published: 2007
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5. Getting Its Kicks: A VLBA Parallax for the Hyperfast Pulsar B1508+55

Author: Shami Chatterjee, Stephen E. Thorsett, Walter Brisken, Michael Kramer, Wouter Vlemmings, W. M. Goss, J. M. Cordes, Edward B. Fomalont, T. J. W. Lazio, and Andrew Lyne
Subjects: Physics, Proper motion, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Galactic plane, Galaxy, Neutron star, Supernova, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Parallax, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The highest velocity neutron stars establish stringent constraints on natal kicks, asymmetries in supernova core collapse, and the evolution of close binary systems. Here we present the first results of a long-term pulsar astrometry program using the VLBA. We measure a proper motion and parallax for the pulsar B1508+55, leading to model-independent estimates of its distance (2.37+0.23-0.20 kpc) and transverse velocity (1083+103-90 km/s), the highest velocity directly measured for a neutron star. We trace the pulsar back from its present Galactic latitude of 52.3 degrees to a birth site in the Galactic plane near the Cyg OB associations, and find that it will inevitably escape the Galaxy. Binary disruption alone is insufficient to impart the required birth velocity, and a natal kick is indicated. A composite scenario including a large kick along with binary disruption can plausibly account for the high velocity., Comment: 5 pages, including 2 figures; accepted by ApJL; associated NRAO press release at http://www.nrao.edu/pr/2005/fastpulsar/
Published: 2005
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6. Proper-Motion Measurements with the VLA. II. Observations of 28 Pulsars

Author: Walter Brisken, W. M. Goss, R. S. Herrnstein, A. S. Fruchter, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Proper motion, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Sigma, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale height, Astrophysics, Kinematics, 01 natural sciences, Stars, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Ionosphere, 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: Using the Very Large Array, we have measured the proper motions of twenty-eight radio pulsars. On average, the pulsars studied are fainter and more distant than those studied in earlier work, reducing the selection biases inherent in surveys restricted to the Solar neighborhood. The typical measurement precision achieved is a few milliarcseconds per year, corresponding to a few tens of kilometers per second for a pulsar a kiloparsec away. While our results compare well with higher-precision measurements done using very-long baseline interferometry, we find that several earlier proper motion surveys appear to have reported overly optimistic measurement uncertainties, most likely because of a failure to fully account for ionospheric effects. We discuss difficulties inherent in estimating pulsar velocities from proper motions given poorly constrained pulsar distances. Our observations favor a distribution with 20% of pulsars in a low velocity component (sigma_1D = 99 km/s) and 80% in a high velocity component (sigma_1D = 294 km/s). Furthermore, our sample is consistent with a scale height of pulsar birthplaces comparable to the scale height of the massive stars that are their presumed progenitors. No evidence is found in our data for a significant population of young pulsars born far from the plane. We find that estimates of pulsar ages based on kinematics agree well with the canonical spin-down age estimate, but agreement is improved if braking indexes are drawn from a Gaussian distribution centered at n=3 with width 0.8.
Published: 2003
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7. A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation

Author: Brad M. S. Hansen, Harvey B. Richer, Stephen E. Thorsett, Steinn Sigurdsson, and Ingrid H. Stairs
Subjects: Physics, Solar mass, Multidisciplinary, Stellar mass, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, White dwarf, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Pulsar, Planet, Globular cluster, Stellar mass loss, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The pulsar B1620-26 has two companions, one of stellar mass and one of planetary mass. We detected the stellar companion using Hubble Space Telescope observations. The color and magnitude of the stellar companion indicate that it is an undermassive white dwarf ($0.34 \pm 0.04 M_{\odot}$) of age $480\pm 140$ Myr. This places a constraint on the recent history of this triple system and supports a scenario in which the current configuration arose through a dynamical exchange interaction in the cluster core. This implies that planets may be relatively common in low-metallicity globular clusters and that planet formation is more widespread and happened earlier than previously believed., Comment: 4 pages, published in Science
Published: 2003
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8. Decapitating the Duck: The (Non)Association of PSR B1757−24 and Supernova Remnant G5.4−1.2

Author: Walter Brisken, W. M. Goss, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Nebula, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We have made the first direct interferometric proper motion measurements of the radio pulsar B1757-24, which sits at the tip of the "beak" of the putative "Duck" supernova remnant. The peculiar morphology of this radio complex has been used to argue alternately that the pulsar's space motion was either surprisingly high or surprisingly low. In fact, we show that the pulsar's motion is so small that it and its associated nonthermal nebula G5.27-0.9 (the "head") are almost certainly unrelated to the much larger G5.4-1.2 (the "wings")., 10 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2002
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9. Very Long Baseline Array Measurement of Nine Pulsar Parallaxes

Author: J. M. Benson, W. M. Goss, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Walter Brisken
Subjects: Physics, Proper motion, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Ionosphere, 010306 general physics, Parallax, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Very Long Baseline Array
Abstract: We determined the distances to nine pulsars by parallax measurements using the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array, doubling the number of pulsars with accurate distance measurements. Broadband phase modeling was used to calibrate the varying dispersive effects of the ionosphere and remove the resulting phase errors from the phase-referenced VLBI data. The resulting parallaxes have a typical accuracy of 100 microarcseconds or better, yielding distances measurements as accurate as 2%. We also report new proper motion measurements of these pulsars, accurate to 0.4 mas per year or better.
Published: 2002
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10. Hubble Space TelescopeSTIS Observations of GRB 000301C: CCD Imaging and Near‐Ultraviolet MAMA Spectroscopy

Author: T. Cline, Elena Pian, J. Gorosabel, Jens Hjorth, Stephen E. Thorsett, James E. Rhoads, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Mario Livio, T. R. Gull, K. Hurley, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Kailash C. Sahu, R. Gibbons, B. L. Jensen, Larry Petro, Henry C. Ferguson, Henrik D. Pedersen, Alain Smette, A. M. Levine, D. L. Lindler, A. S. Fruchter, David W. Hogg, J. P. U. Fynbo, D. Smith, Mark R. Metzger, D. Macchetto, J. Trombka, and API (FNWI)
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extinction (astronomy), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Lower limit
Abstract: We present Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations of the optical transient (OT) counterpart of the gamma-ray burster GRB 000301C obtained 5 days after the burst, on 2000 March 6. CCD clear-aperture imaging reveals a R~=21.50+/-0.15 source with no apparent host galaxy. An 8000 s, 1150 Å18 on the line of sight to the OT. This measured redshift is conservatively a lower limit to the GRB redshift. However, as all other GRBs that have deep Hubble Space Telescope images appear to lie on the stellar field of a host galaxy, and as the large H I column density measured here and in later ground-based observations is unlikely on a random line of sight, we believe we are probably seeing absorption from H I in the host galaxy. In any case, this represents the largest direct redshift determination of a gamma-ray burster to date. Our data are compatible with an OT spectrum represented by a power law with an intrinsic index alpha=1.2 (fnu~nu-alpha) and no extinction in the host galaxy, or with alpha=0.5 and extinction by SMC-like dust in the OT rest frame with AV=0.15. The large NHI and the lack of a detected host are similar to the situation for damped Lyalpha absorbers at z>2. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Published: 2001
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11. Geodetic Precession in PSR B1534+12

Author: Ingrid H. Stairs, James Taylor, Zaven Arzoumanian, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Pulsar, Precession, Spin axis, Astrophysics, Geodetic effect, Pulse (physics)
Abstract: We present Arecibo observations of PSR B1534+12 which confirm previous suggestions that the pulse profile is evolving secularly. This effect is similar to that seen in PSR B1913+16, and is almost certainly due to general relativistic precession of the pulsar’s spin axis.
Published: 2000
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12. The Triple Pulsar System PSR B1620−26 in M4

Author: Andrew Lyne, Fernando Camilo, Zaven Arzoumanian, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Orbital elements, Elliptic orbit, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Orbital inclination, Orbit, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, Globular cluster, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The millisecond pulsar PSR B1620-26, in the globular cluster M4, has a white dwarf companion in a half-year orbit. Anomalously large variations in the pulsar's apparent spin-down rate have suggested the presence of a second companion in a much wider orbit. Using timing observations made on more than seven hundred days spanning eleven years, we confirm this anomalous timing behavior. We explicitly demonstrate, for the first time, that a timing model consisting of the sum of two non-interacting Keplerian orbits can account for the observed signal. Both circular and elliptical orbits are allowed, although highly eccentric orbits require improbable orbital geometries. The motion of the pulsar in the inner orbit is very nearly a Keplerian ellipse, but the tidal effects of the outer companion cause variations in the orbital elements. We have measured the change in the projected semi-major axis of the orbit, which is dominated by precession-driven changes in the orbital inclination. This measurement, along with limits on the rate of change of other orbital elements, can be used to significantly restrict the properties of the outer orbit. We find that the second companion most likely has a mass m~0.01 Msun --- it is almost certainly below the hydrogen burning limit (m, 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Very minor clarifications and rewording. Accepted for publication in the Astrophys. J
Published: 1999
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13. [ITAL]Hubble Space Telescope[/ITAL] and Palomar Imaging of GRB 990123: Implications for the Nature of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Hosts

Author: David W. Hogg, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Henry C. Ferguson, Larry Petro, Jan van Paradijs, Mark R. Metzger, Stephen E. Thorsett, Kailash C. Sahu, Theodore R. Gull, Duccio Macchetto, Alain Smette, Andrew S. Fruchter, Titus Galama, Mario Livio, Holger Pedersen, Elena Pian, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Star formation, Infrared, Magnitude (astronomy), Center (category theory), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Gamma-ray burst, Irregular galaxy, Galaxy
Abstract: We report on Hubble Space Telescope and Palomar optical images of the field of GRB 990123, obtained in 1999 February 8 and 9. We find that the optical transient (OT) associated with GRB 990123 is located on an irregular galaxy, with a magnitude of V = 24.20 ± 0.15. The strong metal absorption lines seen in the spectrum of the OT, along with the low probability of a chance superposition, lead us to conclude that this galaxy is the host of the gamma-ray burst (GRB). The OT is projected within the ~1'' visible stellar field of the host, nearer the edge than the center. We cannot, on this basis, rule out the galactic nucleus as the site of the GRB, since the unusual morphology of the host may be the result of an ongoing galactic merger, but our demonstration that this host galaxy has extremely blue optical-to-infrared colors more strongly supports an association between GRBs and star formation. We find that the OT magnitude in 1999 February 9.05, V = 25.45 ± 0.15, is about 1.5 mag fainter than expected from the extrapolation of the decay rate found in earlier observations. A detailed analysis of the OT light curve suggests that its fading has gone through three distinct phases: an early, rapid decline (f_ν ∝ t^(-1.6) for t < 0.1 days); a slower, intermediate decline power-law decay (f_ν ∝ t^(-1.1) for 0.1 < t < 2 days); and then a more rapid decay (at least as steep as f_ν ∝ t^(-1.8) for t > 2 days). The break to a steeper slope at late times may provide evidence that the optical emission from this GRB was highly beamed.
Published: 1999
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14. Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmic Star Formation Rate

Author: Mark R. Krumholz, Fiona A. Harrison, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Star formation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Cosmic distance ladder, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift, Distribution function, Space and Planetary Science, Two sample, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract: We have tested several models of GRB luminosity and redshift distribution functions for compatibility with the BATSE 4B number versus peak flux relation. Our results disagree with recent claims that current GRB observations can be used to strongly constrain the cosmic star formation history. Instead, we find that relaxing the assumption that GRBs are standard candles renders a very broad range of models consistent with the BATSE number-flux relation. We explicitly construct two sample distributions, one tracing the star formation history and one with a constant comoving density. We show that both distributions are compatible with the observed fluxes and redshifts of the bursts GRB970508, GRB971214, and GRB980703, and we discuss the measurements required to distinguish the two models., Comment: 12 pages, 2 postscript figures, uses AAS LaTex macros v4.0. To be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, accepted August 20, 1998. Revised for publication
Published: 1998
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15. The Gravitational Constant, the Chandrasekhar Limit, and Neutron Star Masses

Author: Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational constant, Stars, Supernova, Neutron star, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Chandrasekhar limit, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Mathematical physics
Abstract: The Chandrasekhar mass limit sets the scale for the late evolutionary stages of massive stars, including the formation of neutron stars in core collapse supernovae. Because its value depends on the gravitational constant G, the masses of these neutron stars retain a record of past values of G. Using Bayesian statistical techniques, I show that measurements of the masses of young and old neutron stars in pulsar binaries limit \dot G/G=(-0.6 \pm 2.0) x 10^-12 yr^-1 (68% confidence) or \dot G/G=(-0.6 \pm 4.2) x 10^-12 yr^-1 (95% confidence)., RevTeX, 4 pages + 1 figure, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 1996
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16. The Neutron Star Mass Distribution

Author: Bulent Kiziltan, Stephen E. Thorsett, Maria De Yoreo, and Athanasios Kottas
Subjects: Initial mass function, astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, statistical [methods], fundamental parameters [stars], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, general [pulsars], Atomic, Physical Chemistry, general [binaries], neutron [stars], Particle and Plasma Physics, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Neutron, Nuclear, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, stat.AP, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Mass distribution, Accretion (meteorology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, White dwarf, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Neutron star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences, statistics [stars], Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract: In recent years, the number of pulsars with secure mass measurements has increased to a level that allows us to probe the underlying neutron star (NS) mass distribution in detail. We critically review the radio pulsar mass measurements. For the first time, we are able to analyze a sizable population of NSs with a flexible modeling approach that can effectively accommodate a skewed underlying distribution and asymmetric measurement errors. We find that NSs that have evolved through different evolutionary paths reflect distinctive signatures through dissimilar distribution peak and mass cutoff values. NSs in double neutron star and neutron star-white dwarf systems show consistent respective peaks at 1.33 Msun and 1.55 Msun suggesting significant mass accretion (delta m~0.22 Msun) has occurred during the spin-up phase. The width of the mass distribution implied by double NS systems is indicative of a tight initial mass function while the inferred mass range is significantly wider for NSs that have gone through recycling. We find a mass cutoff at ~2.1 Msun for NSs with white dwarf companions which establishes a firm lower bound for the maximum NS mass. This rules out the majority of strange quark and soft equation of state models as viable configurations for NS matter. The lack of truncation close to the maximum mass cutoff along with the skewed nature of the inferred mass distribution both enforce the suggestion that the 2.1 Msun limit is set by evolutionary constraints rather than nuclear physics or general relativity, and the existence of rare super-massive NSs is possible., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. ApJ in press. A completely new and more flexible statistical model applied. Astrophysical results remained same as arXiv:1011.4291
Published: 2013
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17. THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY (NuSTAR) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION

Author: Fiona A. Harrison, William W. Craig, Finn E. Christensen, Charles J. Hailey, William W. Zhang, Steven E. Boggs, Daniel Stern, W. Rick Cook, Karl Forster, Paolo Giommi, Brian W. Grefenstette, Yunjin Kim, Takao Kitaguchi, Jason E. Koglin, Kristin K. Madsen, Peter H. Mao, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Kaya Mori, Matteo Perri, Michael J. Pivovaroff, Simonetta Puccetti, Vikram R. Rana, Niels J. Westergaard, Jason Willis, Andreas Zoglauer, Hongjun An, Matteo Bachetti, Nicolas M. Barrière, Eric C. Bellm, Varun Bhalerao, Nicolai F. Brejnholt, Felix Fuerst, Carl C. Liebe, Craig B. Markwardt, Melania Nynka, Julia K. Vogel, Dominic J. Walton, Daniel R. Wik, David M. Alexander, Lynn R. Cominsky, Ann E. Hornschemeier, Allan Hornstrup, Victoria M. Kaspi, Greg M. Madejski, Giorgio Matt, Silvano Molendi, David M. Smith, John A. Tomsick, Marco Ajello, David R. Ballantyne, Mislav Baloković, Didier Barret, Franz E. Bauer, Roger D. Blandford, W. Niel Brandt, Laura W. Brenneman, James Chiang, Deepto Chakrabarty, Jerome Chenevez, Andrea Comastri, Francois Dufour, Martin Elvis, Andrew C. Fabian, Duncan Farrah, Chris L. Fryer, Eric V. Gotthelf, Jonathan E. Grindlay, David J. Helfand, Roman Krivonos, David L. Meier, Jon M. Miller, Lorenzo Natalucci, Patrick Ogle, Eran O. Ofek, Andrew Ptak, Stephen P. Reynolds, Jane R. Rigby, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Stephen E. Thorsett, Ezequiel Treister, C. Megan Urry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Chakrabarty, Deepto, Harrison Fiona, A., Craig William, W., Christensen Finn, E., Hailey Charles, J., Zhang William, W., Boggs Steven, E., Stern, Daniel, Cook W., Rick, Forster, Karl, Giommi, Paolo, Grefenstette Brian, W., Kim, Yunjin, Kitaguchi, Takao, Koglin Jason, E., Madsen Kristin, K., Mao Peter, H., Miyasaka, Hiromasa, Mori, Kaya, Perri, Matteo, Pivovaroff Michael, J., Puccetti, Simonetta, Rana Vikram, R., Westergaard Niels, J., Willis, Jason, Zoglauer, Andrea, An, Hongjun, Bachetti, Matteo, Barriere Nicolas, M., Bellm Eric, C., Bhalerao, Varun, Brejnholt Nicolai, F., Fuerst, Felix, Liebe Carl, C., Markwardt Craig, B., Nynka, Melania, Vogel Julia, K., Walton Dominic, J., Wik Daniel, R., Alexander David, M., Cominsky Lynn, R., Hornschemeier Ann, E., Hornstrup, Allan, Kaspi Victoria, M., Madejski Greg, M., Matt, Giorgio, Molendi, Silvano, Smith David, M., Tomsick John, A., Ajello, Marco, Ballantyne David, R., Balokovic, Mislav, Barret, Didier, Bauer Franz, E., Blandford Roger, D., Brandt W., Niel, Brenneman Laura, W., Chiang, Jame, Chenevez, Jerome, Comastri, Andrea, Dufour, Francoi, Elvis, Martin, Fabian Andrew, C., Farrah, Duncan, Fryer Chris, L., Gotthelf Eric, V., Grindlay Jonathan, E., Helfand David, J., Krivonos, Roman, Meier David, L., Miller Jon, M., Natalucci, Lorenzo, Ogle, Patrick, Ofek Eran, O., Ptak, Andrew, Reynolds Stephen, P., Rigby Jane, R., Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Thorsett Stephen, E., Treister, Ezequiel, and Urry C., Megan
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Collimated light, law.invention, Telescope, X-rays, Primary (astronomy), Observatory, law, Spectral resolution, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space vehicles, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Orbit (control theory), business, Instruments
Abstract: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission, launched on 2012 June 13, is the first focusing high-energy X-ray telescope in orbit. NuSTAR operates in the band from 3 to 79 keV, extending the sensitivity of focusing far beyond the ~10 keV high-energy cutoff achieved by all previous X-ray satellites. The inherently low background associated with concentrating the X-ray light enables NuSTAR to probe the hard X-ray sky with a more than 100-fold improvement in sensitivity over the collimated or coded mask instruments that have operated in this bandpass. Using its unprecedented combination of sensitivity and spatial and spectral resolution, NuSTAR will pursue five primary scientific objectives: (1) probe obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity out to the peak epoch of galaxy assembly in the universe (at z[< over ~]2) by surveying selected regions of the sky; (2) study the population of hard X-ray-emitting compact objects in the Galaxy by mapping the central regions of the Milky Way; (3) study the non-thermal radiation in young supernova remnants, both the hard X-ray continuum and the emission from the radioactive element [superscript 44]Ti; (4) observe blazars contemporaneously with ground-based radio, optical, and TeV telescopes, as well as with Fermi and Swift, to constrain the structure of AGN jets; and (5) observe line and continuum emission from core-collapse supernovae in the Local Group, and from nearby Type Ia events, to constrain explosion models. During its baseline two-year mission, NuSTAR will also undertake a broad program of targeted observations. The observatory consists of two co-aligned grazing-incidence X-ray telescopes pointed at celestial targets by a three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Deployed into a 600 km, near-circular, 6° inclination orbit, the observatory has now completed commissioning, and is performing consistent with pre-launch expectations. NuSTAR is now executing its primary science mission, and with an expected orbit lifetime of 10 yr, we anticipate proposing a guest investigator program, to begin in late 2014., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NNG08FD06C)
Published: 2013
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18. The Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

Author: G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, John J. Ruan, A. A. Moiseev, Eric Charles, Steven Ritz, D. J. Suson, Luca Baldini, Simon Johnston, F. Loparco, N. Renault, W. Mitthumsiri, Na Wang, Sylvain Guiriec, I. A. Grenier, James Chiang, Jeffrey D. Scargle, Roger W. Romani, Jürgen Knödlseder, S. Germani, K. S. Wood, P. Lubrano, M. Marelli, Jayashree Roy, R. Buehler, Jun Kataoka, Gloria Spandre, Ronaldo Bellazzini, A. S. Johnson, S. Cutini, Michael Kramer, T. Ohsugi, Eleonora Troja, Miranda Jackson, Maura McLaughlin, T. Reposeur, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, Francesco Longo, R. C. G. Chaves, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, M. Orienti, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Dario Gasparrini, M. Hayashida, Sylvain Chaty, Nanda Rea, E. D. Bloom, Jean Ballet, A. Morselli, Xian Hou, V. Vitale, T. Jogler, Charles D. Dermer, R. N. Manchester, D. Parent, M. E. Monzani, Andrea Belfiore, Stefano Ciprini, Bhaswati Bhattacharyya, Gemma H. Janssen, R. Rousseau, J. Lande, Scott M. Ransom, Michael Keith, Luca Latronico, P. R. den Hartog, Gino Tosti, M. Mayer, Francesco Massaro, R. E. Hughes, A. W. Chen, A. B. Hill, L. R. Cominsky, Igor V. Moskalenko, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, J. G. Thayer, M. Burgay, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Olaf Reimer, Paul S. Ray, Holger J. Pletsch, M. Tinivella, T. L. Usher, M. E. DeCesar, Jason W. T. Hessels, Paulo C. C. Freire, G. A. Caliandro, Jan Conrad, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Takeshi Nakamori, J. M. Casandjian, Terri Brandt, Hiromitsu Takahashi, André Schulz, Patrick Weltevrede, Andrew W. Strong, M. N. Mazziotta, D. Dumora, C. Favuzzi, J. Mehault, Christo Venter, A. De Angelis, P. Fusco, L. Guillemot, D. J. Thompson, T. H. Burnett, Diego F. Torres, A. A. Abdo, E. Orlando, Gregory Desvignes, W. N. Johnson, Gilles Theureau, L. Tibaldo, S. Murgia, M. T. Wolff, C. Cecchi, Alberto Sartori, T. Glanzman, F. Piron, Rodrigo Nemmen, Matthew Kerr, Matthew G. Baring, D. Horan, Giacomo Vianello, Fernando Camilo, L. Di Venere, Gudlaugur Johannesson, O. Tibolla, Masanori Ohno, D. L. Wood, E. Hays, Y. Hanabata, G. Pivato, M. Roth, F. Gargano, Alice K. Harding, Ismaël Cognard, Benjamin Stappers, Justin Vandenbroucke, Emanuele Bonamente, J. F. Ormes, Eugenio Bottacini, T. A. Porter, Guido Barbiellini, E. J. Siskind, David A. Smith, L. Falletti, Denis Bastieri, R. Claus, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Johan Bregeon, D. Hadasch, Ryan Shannon, A. Possenti, A. Reimer, J. H. Panetta, M. Razzano, S. Rainò, Eric V. Gotthelf, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Filippo D'Ammando, Julie McEnery, T. Kamae, M. Brigida, Stephen E. Thorsett, R. P. Johnson, G. Chiaro, J. E. Grove, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. S. Perkins, Paolo Giommi, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, S. Larsson, S. Buson, Nicola Giglietto, A. De Luca, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Alice Allafort, Roberto Mignani, Tyrel J. Johnson, R. A. Cameron, A. Chekhtman, R. Dubois, W. B. Focke, P. Spinelli, Seth Digel, Francesco Giordano, John W. Hewitt, P. Bruel, V. Vasileiou, Matthew Wood, G. Godfrey, F. de Palma, Andrew Lyne, M.-H. Grondin, Robert R. Rando, M. Pierbattista, Cristobal M. Espinoza, Omer Celik, A. Franckowiak, Stefan Funk, Zhenwei Yang, Carmelo Sgrò, E. Nuss, David Paneque, M. Kuss, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), FERMI, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), IEEC-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Abdo AA, Ajello M, Allafort A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Belfiore A, Bellazzini R, Bhattacharyya B, Bissaldi E, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burgay M, Burnett TH, Busetto G, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Camilo F, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Charles E, Chaty S, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Chen AW, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cognard I, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, DAmmando F, De Angelis A, DeCesar ME, De Luca A, Den Hartog PR, De Palma F, Dermer CD, Desvignes G, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Dubois R, Dumora D, Espinoza CM, Falletti L, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Freire PCC, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Gotthelf EV, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hessels J, Hewitt J, Hill AB, Horan D, Hou X, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Janssen GH, Jogler T, Johannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Johnston S, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Keith M, Kerr M, Knodlseder J, Kramer M, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Lyne AG, Manchester RN, Marelli M, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, McLaughlin MA, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mignani RP, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Pivato G, Pletsch HJ, Porter TA, Possenti A, Raino S, Rando R, Ransom SM, Ray PS, Razzano M, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renault N, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Romani RW, Roth M, Rousseau R, Roy J, Ruan J, Sartori A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Schulz A, Sgro C, Shannon R, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stappers BW, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Theureau G, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Venter C, Vianello G, Vitale V, Wang N, Weltevrede P, Winer BL, Wolff MT, Wood DL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z, Abdo, A. A., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Belfiore, A., Bellazzini, R., Bhattacharyya, B., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehle, R., Burgay, M., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Camilo, F., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Çelik, Ö., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Chen, A. W., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cognard, I., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., Decesar, M. E., De Luca, A., den Hartog, P. R., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Desvignes, G., Digel, S. W., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Drlica Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Espinoza, C. M., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Freire, P. C. C., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Gotthelf, E. V., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hessels, J., Hewitt, J., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Janssen, G. H., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Johnston, S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Keith, M., Kerr, M., Knödlseder, J., Kramer, M., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lyne, A. G., Manchester, R. N., Marelli, M., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mclaughlin, M. A., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mignani, R. P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Pletsch, H. J., Porter, T. A., Possenti, A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Razzano, M., Rea, N., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renault, N., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Rousseau, R., Roy, J., Ruan, J., Sartori, A., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scargle, J. D., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Shannon, R., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stappers, B. W., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Theureau, G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Venter, C., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Wang, N., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wolff, M. T., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., and Yang, Z.
Subjects: Catalogs pulsars, general stars, neutron, catalog, CRAB PULSAR, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, general [pulsars], law.invention, neutron, Millisecond pulsar, law, catalogs, pulsars: general, stars: neutron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, general stars, Physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, WIND NEBULA, SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], WHITE-DWARF COMPANION, MIDDLE-AGED PULSAR, DEEP OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS, NANCAY RADIO TELESCOPE, MILLISECOND PULSARS, LIGHT CURVES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Catalogs pulsars, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, catalogs , pulsars: general , stars: neutron, Telescope, neutron [stars], Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Crab Pulsar, catalogs – pulsars: general – stars: neutron, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, X-ray pulsar, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: This catalog summarizes 117 high-confidence > 0.1 GeV gamma-ray pulsar detections using three years of data acquired by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi satellite. Half are neutron stars discovered using LAT data, through periodicity searches in gamma-ray and radio data around LAT unassociated source positions. The 117 pulsars are evenly divided into three groups: millisecond pulsars, young radio-loud pulsars, and young radio-quiet pulsars. We characterize the pulse profiles and energy spectra and derive luminosities when distance information exists. Spectral analysis of the off-peak phase intervals indicates probable pulsar wind nebula emission for four pulsars, and off-peak magnetospheric emission for several young and millisecond pulsars. We compare the gamma-ray properties with those in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands. We provide flux limits for pulsars with no observed gamma-ray emission, highlighting a small number of gamma-faint, radio-loud pulsars. The large, varied gamma-ray pulsar sample constrains emission models. Fermi's selection biases complement those of radio surveys, enhancing comparisons with predicted population distributions., Comment: 145 pages. Online files at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/2nd_PSR_catalog/ A typo in the value of the photon flux for CTA 1 (PSR J0007+7303) has been corrected in Table 9. NASA ADS at http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2013ApJS..208...17A
Published: 2013
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19. Discovery of gamma- and X-ray pulsations from the young and energetic PSR J1357−6429 with Fermi and XMM-Newton

Author: David A. Smith, Matthieu Renaud, Patrick Weltevrede, Stephen E. Thorsett, Lucas Guillemot, D. Parent, J. E. Grove, Paulo C. C. Freire, M. Burgay, Richard N. Manchester, Andrea Possenti, Fernando Camilo, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, V. E. Zavlin, Ryan Shannon, Paul S. Ray, Simon Johnston, Peter F. Michelson, Michael Kramer, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Michael Keith, Michael T. Wolff, M.-H. Grondin, GLAST, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Energy flux, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, Spectral line, Luminosity, Pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, pulsars: individual: PSR J1357, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, Galactic plane, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Since the launch of the Fermi satellite, the number of known gamma-ray pulsars has increased tenfold. Most gamma-ray detected pulsars are young and energetic, and many are associated with TeV sources. PSR J1357-6429 is a high spin-down power pulsar (Edot = 3.1 * 10^36 erg/s), discovered during the Parkes multibeam survey of the Galactic plane, with significant timing noise typical of very young pulsars. In the very-high-energy domain, H.E.S.S. has reported the detection of the extended source HESS J1356-645 (intrinsic Gaussian width of 12') whose centroid lies 7' from PSR J1357-6429. Using a rotational ephemeris obtained with 74 observations made with the Parkes telescope at 1.4 GHz, we phase-fold more than two years of gamma-ray data acquired by Fermi-LAT as well as those collected with XMM-Newton, and perform gamma-ray spectral modeling. Significant gamma and X-ray pulsations are detected from PSR J1357-6429. The light curve in both bands shows one broad peak. Gamma-ray spectral analysis of the pulsed emission suggests that it is well described by a simple power-law of index 1.5 +/- 0.3stat +/- 0.3syst with an exponential cut-off at 0.8 +/- 0.3stat +/- 0.3syst GeV and an integral photon flux above 100 MeV of (6.5 +/- 1.6stat +/- 2.3syst) * 10^-8 cm^-2 s^-1. The X-ray spectra obtained from the new data provide results consistent with those reported by Zavlin (2007). Upper limits on the gamma-ray emission from its potential pulsar wind nebula (PWN) are also reported. Assuming a distance of 2.4 kpc, the Fermi LAT energy flux yields a gamma-ray luminosity for PSR J1357-6429 of L_gamma = (2.13 +/- 0.25stat +/- 0.83syst) * 10^34 erg/s, consistent with an L_gamma \propto sqrt(Edot) relationship. The Fermi non-detection of the pulsar wind nebula associated with HESS J1356-645 provides new constraints on the electron population responsible for the extended TeV emission., Accepted for publication by A&A; 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2011
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20. Do all millisecond pulsars share a common heritage?

Author: Bülent Kízíltan, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Hakeem M. Oluseyi
Subjects: Physics, Millisecond, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray binary, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Neutron star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Dipole radiation, Low Mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The discovery of millisecond pulsations from neutron stars in low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems has substantiated the theoretical prediction that links millisecond radio pulsars (MSRPs) and LMXBs. Since then, the process that produces millisecond radio pulsars from LMXBs, followed by spin-down due to dipole radiation has been conceived as the 'standard evolution' of millisecond pulsars. However, the question whether all the observed millisecond radio pulsars could be produced by LMXBs has not been quantitatively addressed until now. The standard evolutionary process produces millisecond pulsars with periods (P) and spin-down rates (Pdot) that are not entirely independent. The possible P-Pdot values that millisecond radio pulsars can attain are jointly constrained. In order to test whether the observed millisecond radio pulsars are the unequivocal descendants of millisecond X-ray pulsars (MSXP), we have produced a probability map that represents the expected distribution of millisecond radio pulsars for the standard model. We show with more than 95 % confidence that the fastest spinning millisecond radio pulsars with high magnetic fields, e.g. PSR B1937+21, cannot be produced by the observed millisecond X-ray pulsars within the framework of the standard model., Full resolution color figures available at: http://www.kiziltan.org/research.html. To appear in the American Institute of Physics (AIP) proceedings, 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Published: 2010
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21. A flexible data acquisition system for timing pulsars

Author: D. R. Stinebring, J. H. Taylor, Victoria M. Kaspi, Stephen E. Thorsett, David J. Nice, M. F. Ryba, and Timothy H. Hankins
Subjects: Signal processing, business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interface (computing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Multiplexing, Radio telescope, Data acquisition, Pulsar, Arecibo Observatory, Instrumentation (computer programming), business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract: We describe a flexible, inexpensive data acquisition system built for high‐precision timing observations of pulsars. The system is designed to interface with a wide variety of radio telescope receiver back ends; it permits standardized measurement techniques and data formats in work carried out at a number of different observatories. Copies of the basic ‘‘Mark III’’ system are now in regular use at the Arecibo Observatory, Green Bank, and the Very Large Array. We describe the specifications, hardware, and software implementation of the system, and briefly outline some of its current applications.
Published: 1992
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22. Discovery of Pulsed Gamma Rays from the Young Radio Pulsar PSR J1028-5819 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: Peter F. Michelson, T. Ohsugi, T. Reposeur, Denis Bastieri, Alessandro Brez, W. B. Atwood, A. W. Borgland, Nicola Giglietto, A. P. Waite, Simon Johnston, Christian Farnier, F. Piron, Stefan Funk, I. A. Grenier, Luca Latronico, J. F. Ormes, Roger W. Romani, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Richard Dubois, L. Guillemot, Hideaki Katagiri, Jean-Luc Starck, N. Kawai, A. A. Moiseev, A. Morselli, M. N. Lovellette, J. H. Panetta, P. A. Caraveo, E. Hays, Alice K. Harding, V. Vitale, L. R. Cominsky, Igor V. Moskalenko, Persis S. Drell, J. Bregeon, Hiromitsu Takahashi, D. Dumora, E. Do Couto E Silva, F. Kuehn, James Chiang, Olaf Reimer, T. H. Burnett, P. L. Nolan, George Hobbs, M. Marelli, M. Ziegler, Jean Ballet, J. M. Casandjian, F. Loparco, C. Monte, Jan Conrad, T. A. Porter, S. Ritz, S. Guiriec, Gloria Spandre, Jun Kataoka, C. Favuzzi, S. Germani, Stefano Ciprini, E. Orlando, Patrick Weltevrede, C. Meurer, Claudia Cecchi, R. Claus, A. S. Johnson, K. S. Wood, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Nicola Omodei, M. Roth, P. D. Smith, David Sanchez, Keith Bechtol, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Nu. Komin, Jürgen Knödlseder, Elliott D. Bloom, Diego F. Torres, A. Reimer, C. C. Cheung, W. N. Johnson, M. Brigida, M. Hayashida, Emanuele Bonamente, Ronaldo Bellazzini, L. Tibaldo, B. M. Baughman, D. J. Suson, T. L. Usher, Karen Watters, D. J. Thompson, B. Giebels, A. Y. Rodriguez, T. Kamae, B. Berenji, M. Razzano, L.S. Rochester, Michael Kramer, M. N. Mazziotta, S. Murgia, P. Fleury, Dario Gasparrini, Stephen E. Thorsett, Davide Donato, F. Gargano, E. Charles, Michael Keith, P. Lubrano, Julie McEnery, Neil Gehrels, Gudlaugur Johannesson, E. J. Siskind, A. De Angelis, Shiu-Hang Lee, G. Tosti, Tyrel J. Johnson, A. Makeev, A. Tramacere, Felix Ryde, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, W. Mcconville, N. Vilchez, M. E. Monzani, Markus Ackermann, Guido Barbiellini, A. A. Abdo, M. Frailis, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Y. Edmonds, J. B. Thayer, R. E. Hughes, Takaaki Tanaka, Luca Baldini, G.L. Godfrey, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, T. Glanzman, W. Mitthumsiri, M. S. Strickman, T. Ylinen, W. B. Focke, Matthew G. Baring, A. Chekhtman, R. N. Manchester, M.-H. Grondin, M. Pepe, P. Spinelli, D. Parent, Francesco Giordano, Seth Digel, Francesco Longo, A. Sander, Yasunobu Uchiyama, M. Dormody, P. Fusco, Matthew Kerr, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, R. P. Johnson, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, David Stanley Smith, Benoit Lott, Eric Nuss, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, David Paneque, M. Kuss, H. Tajima, A. van Etten, Charles D. Dermer, F. de Palma, J. G. Thayer, Pascal Bruel, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Fermi-LAT, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Donato, D., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fleury, P., Focke, W. B., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Johnston, S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Komin, N., Kramer, M., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcconville, W., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Etten, A. V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Watters, K., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Hobbs, G., Keith, M., Manchester, R. N., Weltevrede, P., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Pulsar planet, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, stars: neutron, Spitzer Space Telescope, Pulsar, law, Millisecond pulsar, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Radio pulsar PSR J1028-5819 was recently discovered in a high-frequency search (at 3.1 GHz)in the error circle of the EGRET source 3EG J1027-5817. The spin-down power of this young pulsar is great enough to make it very likely the counterpart for the EGRET source. We report here the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from PSR J1028-5819 in early observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. The gamma-ray light curve shows two sharp peaks having phase separation of 0.460 +- 0.004, trailing the very narrow radio pulse by 0.200 +- 0.003 in phase, very similar to that of other known $\gamma$-ray pulsars. The measured gamma-ray flux gives an efficiency for the pulsar of 10-20% (for outer magnetosphere beam models). No evidence of a surrounding pulsar wind nebula is seen in the current Fermi data but limits on associated emission are weak because the source lies in a crowded region with high background emission. However, the improved angular resolution afforded by the LAT enables the disentanglement of the previous COS-B and EGRET source detections into at least two distinct sources, one of which is now identified as PSR J1028-5819., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters, contact authors Tyrel Johnson and Alice Harding
Published: 2009
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23. Constraints on Pulsar Evolution: The Joint Period-Spindown Distribution of Millisecond Pulsars

Author: Bulent Kiziltan and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Millisecond, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Standard Model, Magnetic field, Pulsar, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Magnetic dipole, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Spin-½
Abstract: We calculate the joint period-spindown (P-Pdot) distributions of millisecond radio pulsars (MSRP) for the standard evolutionary model in order to test whether the observed MSRPs are the unequivocal descendants of millisecond X-ray pulsars (MSXP). The P-Pdot densities implied by the standard evolutionary model compared with observations suggest that there is a statistically significant overabundance of young/high magnetic field MSRPs. Taking biases due to observational selection effects into account, it is unlikely that MSRPs have evolved from a single coherent progenitor population that loses energy via magnetic dipole radiation after the onset of radio emission. By producing the P-Pdot probability map, we show with more than 95% confidence that the fastest spinning millisecond pulsars with high magnetic fields, e.g. PSR B1937+21, cannot be produced by the observed MSXPs within the framework of the standard model., 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJL
Published: 2009

24. A population of gamma-ray millisecond pulsars seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: A. P. Waite, Simon Johnston, Jeffrey D. Scargle, N. Kawai, T. Ohsugi, A. Tramacere, J. M. Casandjian, G. A. Caliandro, Jean-Luc Starck, J. P. Norris, A. Morselli, S. Ritz, Charles D. Dermer, V. Vitale, J. Bregeon, Jun Kataoka, Ö. Çelik, A. S. Johnson, A. Makeev, L. R. Cominsky, Michael Kramer, S. Cutini, Dario Gasparrini, Igor V. Moskalenko, Jean Ballet, M. E. Monzani, Olaf Reimer, P. Fusco, M. Dormody, Matthew Kerr, S. J. Fegan, M. Brigida, Stefano Ciprini, M. Pepe, A. Brez, Maura McLaughlin, Y. Edmonds, P. Weltevrede, E. Wallace, J. B. Thayer, E. Hays, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Scott M. Ransom, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, Elliott D. Bloom, M. Razzano, L.S. Rochester, B. M. Baughman, T. L. Usher, P. D. Smith, K. S. Wood, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Stephen E. Thorsett, R. Claus, Matthew G. Baring, P. L. Nolan, Felix Ryde, Jürgen Knödlseder, Guido Barbiellini, E. Charles, T. Schalk, Roger W. Romani, S. Rainò, Benjamin Stappers, T. Kamae, T. A. Porter, M. Roth, Richard N. Manchester, D. J. Suson, Ronaldo Bellazzini, B. Berenji, Claudia Cecchi, J. F. Ormes, W. McConville, Robin H. D. Corbet, M.-H. Grondin, E. Do Couto E Silva, Nicola Omodei, Takaaki Tanaka, Marco Frailis, P. Lubrano, Francesco Longo, H. Tajima, Keith Bechtol, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Emanuele Bonamente, A. van Etten, T. Glanzman, David S. Smith, T. Ylinen, A. Sander, Brian L Winer, A. A. Moiseev, Yasunobu Uchiyama, W. B. Focke, A. Chekhtman, Paul S. Ray, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, E. Nuss, David Paneque, M. Kuss, G.L. Godfrey, W. Mitthumsiri, Karen Watters, F. Loparco, P. Spinelli, M. Ziegler, M. N. Mazziotta, M. L. Kocian, T. H. Burnett, Stefan Funk, Tyrel J. Johnson, C. Monte, M. Hayashida, R. A. Cameron, Seth Digel, G. Theureau, C. C. Cheung, Christo Venter, Diego F. Torres, T. Reposeur, A. W. Borgland, P. Carlson, David Sánchez, Hideaki Katagiri, J. H. Panetta, James Chiang, Jan Conrad, Pascal Bruel, Roger Blandford, Paulo C. C. Freire, M. Marelli, Peter F. Michelson, Fernando Camilo, F. Gargano, E. J. Siskind, Gregory Desvignes, Magnus Axelsson, N. Vilchez, Markus Ackermann, Luca Latronico, S. Germani, A. Reimer, F. de Palma, J. G. Thayer, A. Y. Rodriguez, C. Farnier, Paul J. Wang, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Nanda Rea, M. S. Strickman, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Richard Dubois, Hiromitsu Takahashi, L. Guillemot, E. Orlando, F. Giordano, A. A. Abdo, V. Pelassa, Julie McEnery, Neil Gehrels, Marco Ajello, E. Striani, L. Tibaldo, D. Dumora, I. A. Grenier, Gloria Spandre, Ismaël Cognard, W. B. Atwood, Grzegorz Madejski, Nicola Giglietto, A. De Luca, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, N. A. Webb, V. Vasileiou, Luca Baldini, Giovanni F. Bignami, C. Meurer, R. E. Hughes, D. Parent, D. J. Thompson, S. Murgia, B. Lott, F. Piron, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Alice K. Harding, George Hobbs, J. Lande, A. De Angelis, G. Tosti, Y. Hanabata, C. Favuzzi, B. Giebels, Denis Bastieri, Sylvain Guiriec, P. M. Saz Parkinson, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fermi-LAT, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bignami, G. F., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Camilo, F., Caraveo, P. A., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cognard, I., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., Desvignes, G., Angelis, A. d., Luca, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Frailis, M., Freire, P. C. C., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hobbs, G., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Johnston, S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kramer, M., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Manchester, R. N., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcconville, W., Mcenery, J. E., Mclaughlin, M. A., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Razzano, M., Rea, N., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stappers, B. W., Starck, J. L., Striani, E., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Theureau, G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Etten, A. V., Vasileiou, V., Venter, C., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Wang, P., Watters, K., Webb, N., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Radio telescope, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Neutron star, X-ray pulsar, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but were first detected at other wavelengths (see the Perspective by Halpern ). Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see the cover) report the detection of 16 previously unknown pulsars based on their gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen of these coincide with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, solving the 30-year-old mystery of their identities. Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. With time they slow down and cease to radiate; however, if they are in a binary system, they can have their spin rates increased by mass transfer from their companion stars, starting a new life as millisecond pulsars. In another study, Abdo et al. (p. 845 ) report the detection of gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is coming from an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in the cluster's core. The data imply that there are up to 60 millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae, twice as many as predicted by radio observations. In a further companion study, Abdo et al. (p. 848 , published online 2 July) searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars outside of stellar clusters, finding gamma-ray pulsations for eight of them. Their properties resemble those of other gamma-ray pulsars, suggesting that they share the same basic emission mechanism. Indeed, both sets of pulsars favor emission models in which the gamma rays are produced in the outer magnetosphere of the neutron star.
Published: 2009
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25. Discovery Of Pulsations From The Pulsar J0205+6449 In Snr 3c 58 With The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope

Author: C. Monte, Seth Digel, M. Dormody, Jun Kataoka, W. N. Johnson, Denis Bastieri, Alessandro Brez, J. Lande, Sylvain Guiriec, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Randall P. Johnson, P. Fusco, Victoria M. Kaspi, Ö. Çelik, A. S. Johnson, Jürgen Knödlseder, D. J. Suson, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, M. Pepe, M. Brigida, F. Kuehn, Matthew Kerr, Y. Hanabata, P. L. Nolan, Brian L Winer, C. Meurer, J. Bregeon, C. Farnier, B. Giebels, I. A. Grenier, J. G. Thayer, M.-H. Grondin, Benjamin Stappers, A. A. Moiseev, A. Tramacere, A. P. Waite, Simon Johnston, Hiromitsu Takahashi, T. A. Porter, P. Wang, Gino Tosti, T. Glanzman, Richard N. Manchester, Takaaki Tanaka, T. L. Usher, R. E. Hughes, Emanuele Bonamente, G. Theureau, Margaret A. Livingstone, M. N. Mazziotta, A. A. Abdo, S. Germani, E. Hays, A. Y. Rodriguez, D. Parent, F. Loparco, Gloria Spandre, A. Bouvier, E. Orlando, G. Godfrey, Paulo C. C. Freire, T. Reposeur, Andrew Lyne, W. Mitthumsiri, D. Dumora, N. Kawai, A. W. Borgland, Hideaki Katagiri, Ismaël Cognard, P. Lubrano, T. Ylinen, D. J. Thompson, A. Reimer, Tyrel J. Johnson, James Chiang, Roger Blandford, A. Makeev, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, A. Van Etten, Igor V. Moskalenko, F. de Palma, A. De Angelis, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, R. Claus, M. S. Strickman, Olaf Reimer, M. Marelli, Nicola Omodei, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Claudia Cecchi, Michael Kramer, S. Murgia, B. Lott, M. E. Monzani, F. Piron, W. B. Atwood, Luca Baldini, M. Pierbattista, P. D. Smith, T. H. Burnett, S. Rainò, B. Berenji, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, C. Favuzzi, J. M. Casandjian, Nicola Giglietto, Tsunefumi Mizuno, A. Chekhtman, M. Ziegler, K. Watters, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Gudlaugur Johannesson, E. Striani, Alice K. Harding, R. Dubois, L. Tibaldo, Charles D. Dermer, Felix Ryde, G. A. Caliandro, W. B. Focke, T. Ohsugi, M. N. Lovellette, S. Ritz, Hiroyasu Tajima, P. Spinelli, J. E. Grove, Guido Barbiellini, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Jan Conrad, Pascal Bruel, Y. Edmonds, Francesco Giordano, Yasushi Fukazawa, M. Frailis, L. S. Rochester, George Hobbs, C. C. Cheung, Keith Bechtol, Michael Keith, V. Vasileiou, Peter F. Michelson, Kent S. Wood, V. Pelassa, E. J. Siskind, Julie McEnery, Patrick Weltevrede, Neil Gehrels, Ronaldo Bellazzini, M. Razzano, J. H. Panetta, Diego F. Torres, Magnus Axelsson, N. Vilchez, David Sánchez, T. Kamae, Stephen E. Thorsett, Markus Ackermann, Luca Latronico, R. A. Cameron, Francesco Longo, Fernando Camilo, A. Sander, F. Gargano, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Roger W. Romani, E. Do Couto E Silva, Jean Ballet, Stefano Ciprini, Scott M. Ransom, Elliott D. Bloom, B. M. Baughman, Morihiro Hayashida, David S. Smith, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, E. Nuss, David Paneque, M. Kuss, Jonathan F. Ormes, Cristobal M. Espinoza, L. Guillemot, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Camilo, F., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cognard, I., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Espinoza, C., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Focke, W. B., Frailis, M., Freire, P. C. C., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hobbs, G., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Johnston, S., Kamae, T., Kaspi, V. M., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Keith, M., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kramer, M., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Livingstone, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lyne, A. G., Makeev, A., Manchester, R. N., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Ransom, S. M., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stappers, B. W., Striani, E., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Theureau, G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Etten, A. V., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Watters, K., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Luminosity, law.invention, Telescope, stars: neutron, Spitzer Space Telescope, Pulsar, law, pulsars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Pulsars, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Green Bank Telescope, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Neutron star, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), High Energy Physics::Experiment, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations (> 0.1 GeV) from the young radio and X-ray pulsar PSR J0205+6449 located in the Galactic supernova remnant 3C 58. Data in the gamma-ray band were acquired by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST), while the radio rotational ephemeris used to fold gamma-rays was obtained using both the Green Bank Telescope and the Lovell telescope at Jodrell Bank. The light curve consists of two peaks separated by 0.49 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.01 cycles which are aligned with the X-ray peaks. The first gamma-ray peak trails the radio pulse by 0.08 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.01, while its amplitude decreases with increasing energy as for the other gamma-ray pulsars. Spectral analysis of the pulsed gamma-ray emission suggests a simple power law of index -2.1 +/- 0.1 +/- 0.2 with an exponential cut-off at 3.0 +1.1 -0.7 +/- 0.4 GeV. The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The integral gamma-ray photon flux above 0.1 GeV is (13.7 +/- 1.4 +/- 3.0) x 10^(-8) /cm2/s, which implies for a distance of 3.2 kpc and assuming a broad fan-like beam a luminosity of 8.3 x 10^(34) ergs/s and an efficiency eta of 0.3%. Finally, we report a 95% upper limit on the flux of 1.7 x 10^(-8) /cm2/s for off-pulse emission from the object., 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters, contact author: Damien Parent
Published: 2009
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26. Pulsar Timing for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

Author: Na Wang, Ismaël Cognard, Mallory S. E. Roberts, D. Dumora, Michael Kramer, Patrick Weltevrede, Victoria M. Kaspi, Roger W. Romani, Richard N. Manchester, Andrew Lyne, A. Noutsos, Maura McLaughlin, Eric V. Gotthelf, Stephen E. Thorsett, Paulo C. C. Freire, Ben Stappers, Fernando Camilo, D. J. Thompson, David A. Smith, F. E. Marshall, Scott M. Ransom, Alice K. Harding, George Hobbs, Gilles Theureau, Simon Johnston, Margaret A. Livingstone, L. Guillemot, Cristobal M. Espinoza, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, law.invention, Telescope, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Supernova, Neutron star, Spitzer Space Telescope, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We describe a comprehensive pulsar monitoring campaign for the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the {\em Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope} (formerly GLAST). The detection and study of pulsars in gamma rays give insights into the populations of neutron stars and supernova rates in the Galaxy, into particle acceleration mechanisms in neutron star magnetospheres, and into the "engines" driving pulsar wind nebulae. LAT's unprecedented sensitivity between 20 MeV and 300 GeV together with its 2.4 sr field-of-view makes detection of many gamma-ray pulsars likely, justifying the monitoring of over two hundred pulsars with large spin-down powers. To search for gamma-ray pulsations from most of these pulsars requires a set of phase-connected timing solutions spanning a year or more to properly align the sparse photon arrival times. We describe the choice of pulsars and the instruments involved in the campaign. Attention is paid to verifications of the LAT pulsar software, using for example giant radio pulses from the Crab and from PSR B1937+21 recorded at Nan\c{c}ay, and using X-ray data on PSR J0218+4232 from XMM-Newton. We demonstrate accuracy of the pulsar phase calculations at the microsecond level. Data Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/ ., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2008
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27. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Discovers the Pulsar in the Young Galactic Supernova Remnant CTA 1

Author: M. N. Mazziotta, M. L. Kocian, T. H. Burnett, M. Ziegler, R. Rando, Jean Ballet, Sinéad McGlynn, Stefano Ciprini, C. Farnier, Diego F. Torres, C. C. Cheung, T. Reposeur, P. Fusco, Luca Baldini, Paul J. Wang, David Sánchez, Hideaki Katagiri, Elliott D. Bloom, Sylvain Guiriec, Brian L Winer, Andrea Tramacere, Y. Kanai, Stefan Funk, T. Kishishita, A. A. Moiseev, F. Longo, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgrò, Jan Conrad, Steven Ritz, Pascal Bruel, E. Nuss, Gino Tosti, R. E. Hughes, David Paneque, M. Kuss, D. Parent, F. Loparco, H. Tajima, E. Do Couto E Silva, R. C. Hartman, Peter F. Michelson, F. Kuehn, Keith Bechtol, M. Ozaki, D. J. Thompson, P. D. Smith, Richard Dubois, T. A. Porter, J.H. Panetta, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, F. de Palma, J. G. Thayer, Hartmut Sadrozinski, David Smith, A. Sellerholm, T. Schalk, P. Lubrano, A. Sander, Teresa Mineo, Nicola Omodei, M. Razzano, L.S. Rochester, T. L. Usher, S. Rainò, P. Carlson, Tsunefumi Mizuno, M.-H. Grondin, Hajimu Yasuda, Hiromitsu Takahashi, E. Hays, G.L. Godfrey, Markus Roth, G. Bogaert, Tadayuki Takahashi, Paul S. Ray, B. M. Baughman, Stephen E. Thorsett, F. Gargano, L. Pieri, Emanuele Bonamente, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, A. A. Abdo, E. Orlando, E. Charles, Karen Watters, M. Dormody, E. J. Siskind, G. Piano, D. Dumora, Takaaki Tanaka, W. N. Johnson, A. De Angelis, Randall P. Johnson, Matthew Kerr, T. Ylinen, J. B. Thayer, P. L. Nolan, N. Gehrels, A. Reimer, W. B. Focke, N. Komin, B. Berenji, A. Chekhtman, N. Vilchez, Markus Ackermann, Luca Latronico, S. Germani, Claudia Cecchi, P. Spinelli, Y. Edmonds, Francesco Giordano, Ronaldo Bellazzini, D. J. Suson, L. R. Cominsky, A. Van Etten, Igor V. Moskalenko, J. F. Ormes, Jean-Luc Starck, Olaf Reimer, R. A. Cameron, A. Morselli, V. Pelassa, V. Vitale, Charles D. Dermer, J. Bregeon, Julie McEnery, A. W. Borgland, C. Meurer, C. Monte, A. S. Johnson, S. Cutini, M. Pepe, James Chiang, Roger Blandford, M. Marelli, Bulent Kiziltan, Matthew G. Baring, N. Kawai, A. Makeev, M. E. Monzani, Takeshi Nakamori, J. M. Casandjian, T. Ohsugi, S. W. Digel, T. J. Johnson, T. Glanzman, Denis Bastieri, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Felix Ryde, G. A. Caliandro, Guido Barbiellini, P. M. Saz Parkinson, V. Lonjou, A. Brez, Jürgen Knödlseder, R. Claus, W. Mitthumsiri, Gottfried Kanbach, Dario Gasparrini, B. Giebels, B. Lott, F. Piron, T. Kamae, N. Giglietto, S. Murgia, Masanori Ohno, L. Tibaldo, Alice K. Harding, W. B. Atwood, D. Davis, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Kent S. Wood, M. Brigida, A. Y. Rodriguez, L. Guillemot, I. A. Grenier, Atsushi Okumura, Gloria Spandre, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, M. S. Strickman, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bogaert, G., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Farnier, C., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hartman, R. C., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kanai, Y., Kanbach, G., Katagiri, H., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Kishishita, T., Kiziltan, B., Knodlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Komin, N., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Lonjou, V., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Marelli, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mcglynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Mineo, T., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Piano, G., Pieri, L., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Ray, P. S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Parkinson, P. M. S., Schalk, T. L., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Thorsett, S. E., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Etten, A. V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Wang, P., Watters, K., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Fermi satellite, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Spitzer Space Telescope, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Nebula, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Stars, Supernova, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves (supernova remnants, SNRs) are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 ms, a period derivative of 3.614 x 10-13 s s-1 . Its characteristic age of 104 years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. It is conjectured that most unidentified Galactic gamma ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars., 18 pages, 3 figures + supplemental material, published in Science Express, October 16, 2008, Contact authors: G. Kanbach, K. Wood, M. Ziegler
Published: 2008
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28. Long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments

Author: Stephen E. Thorsett, L. G. Strolger, Jens Hjorth, Chryssa Kouveliotou, R. A. Gibbons, Andrew J. Levan, I. Burud, M. R. Metzger, Nial R. Tanvir, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Peter Nugent, Paul Vreeswijk, Henry C. Ferguson, James E. Rhoads, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Larry Petro, Stephen T. Holland, Tomas Dahlen, Kailash C. Sahu, Mario Livio, Elena Pian, A. S. Fruchter, Adam G. Riess, D. Bersier, S. E. Woosley, Javier Gorosabel, J. M. Castro Cerón, Peter M. Garnavich, Christopher J. Conselice, Alain Smette, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Theodore R. Gull, Zoltan G. Levay, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gravitational collapse, medicine, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QD, Collapse (medical), QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy, Galaxy, Core (optical fiber), Stars, Supernova, gamma-ray-bursts supernovae, medicine.symptom, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract: When massive stars exhaust their fuel they collapse and often produce the extraordinarily bright explosions known as core-collapse supernovae. On occasion, this stellar collapse also powers an even more brilliant relativistic explosion known as a long-duration gamma-ray burst. One would then expect that long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae should be found in similar galactic environments. Here we show that this expectation is wrong. We find that the long gamma-ray bursts are far more concentrated on the very brightest regions of their host galaxies than are the core-collapse supernovae. Furthermore, the host galaxies of the long gamma-ray bursts are significantly fainter and more irregular than the hosts of the core-collapse supernovae. Together these results suggest that long-duration gamma-ray bursts are associated with the most massive stars and may be restricted to galaxies of limited chemical evolution. Our results directly imply that long gamma-ray bursts are relatively rare in galaxies such as our own Milky Way., 27 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Nature on 22 August 2005, revised 9 February 2006, online publication 10 May 2006. Supplementary material referred to in the text can be found at http://www.stsci.edu/~fruchter/GRB/locations/supplement.pdf . This new version contains minor changes to match the final published version
Published: 2006

29. On the Afterglow and Host Galaxy of GRB021004: A Comprehensive Study with the Hubble Space Telescope

Author: B. Thomsen, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Jens Hjorth, P. Jakobsson, Elena Pian, E. Bergeron, R. A. M. J. Wijers, J. Gorosabel, P. M. Vreeswijk, K. Pedersen, A. J. Levan, S. E. Woosley, Nial Tanvir, Kailash C. Sahu, James E. Rhoads, A. J. Castro-Tirado, P. M. Garnavich, Peter Nugent, J. P. U. Fynbo, S. T. Holland, Palle Møller, Dan M. Watson, I. Burud, Stephen E. Thorsett, J. M. Castro Cerón, Alain Smette, and A. S. Fruchter
Subjects: Physics, Spectral shape analysis, Field (physics), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Flattening, Galaxy, Afterglow, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray burst, Spectroscopy
Abstract: (Abridged) We report on HST observations of the late-time afterglow and host galaxy of GRB021004 (z=2.33). Although this GRB is one of the best observed so far, there is substantial disagreement between different interpretations of data sets on this burst in the literature. We have observed the field of GRB021004 with the HST at multiple epochs from 3 days until almost 10 months after the burst. With STIS spectroscopy we cover the spectral region 600-1700AA in the restframe. From the limit on the flux recovery bluewards of the Lyman-limit we constrain the HI column density to be above 1x10^18 cm-2 Based on ACS and NICMOS imaging we find that the afterglow evolved achromatically within the errors. The color changes observed by other authors during the first four days must be related to a stochastic phenomenon superimposed on an afterglow component with a constant spectral shape. This achromaticity implies that the cooling break has remained on the blue side of the optical part of the spectrum for at least two weeks after the burst. The optical-to-X-ray slope is consistent with being the same at 1.4 and 52.4 days after the burst. This indicates that the cooling frequency is constant and hence, according to fireball models, that the circumburst medium has a constant density profile. The late-time slope of the lightcurve is in the range alpha_2 = 1.8-1.9, and is inconsistent with a single power-law. This could be due to a late-time flattening caused by the transition to non-relativistic expansion or due to excess emission (a lightcurve `bump') 7 days after burst. The host is a starburst galaxy with no evidence for dust and with strong Ly-alpha emission. The afterglow was located very close (~100 pc) to the center of the host suggesting that the progenitor was associated with a circumnuclear starburst., 8 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2005

30. Measurement of gravitational spin-orbit coupling in a binary pulsar system

Author: Zaven Arzoumanian, Ingrid H. Stairs, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General relativity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, Gravitation, Theory of relativity, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Orbital motion, Binary star, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: In relativistic gravity, a spinning pulsar will precess as it orbits a compact companion star. We have measured the effect of such precession on the average shape and polarization of the radiation from PSR B1534+12. We have also detected, with limited precision, special-relativistic aberration of the revolving pulsar beam due to orbital motion. Our observations fix the system geometry, including the misalignment between the spin and orbital angular momenta, and yield a measurement of the precession timescale consistent with the predictions of General Relativity., 4 pages, accepted to PRL. Version with high-resolution figure 2 available at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/stairs/papers/sta04b.ps.gz
Published: 2004

31. Studies of the Relativistic Binary Pulsar PSR B1534+12. II. Origin and Evolution

Author: R. J. Dewey, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Ingrid H. Stairs
Subjects: Physics, Proper motion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, Supernova, Neutron star, Common envelope, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Roche lobe, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We have recently measured the angle between the spin and orbital angular momenta of PSR B1534+12 to be either 25+/-4 deg or 155+/-4 deg. This misalignment was almost certainly caused by an asymmetry in the supernova explosion that formed its companion neutron star. Here we combine the misalignment measurement with measurements of the pulsar and companion masses, the orbital elements, proper motion, and interstellar scintillation. We show that the orbit of the binary in the Galaxy is inconsistent with a velocity kick large enough to produce a nearly antialigned spin axis, so the true misalignment must be ~25 deg. Similar arguments lead to bounds on the mass of the companion star immediately before its supernova: 3+/-1 Msun. The result is a coherent scenario for the formation of the observed binary. After the first supernova explosion, the neutron star that would eventually become the observed pulsar was in a Be/X-ray type binary system with a companion of at least 10--12 Msun. During hydrogen (or possibly helium) shell burning, mass transfer occurred in a common envelope phase, leaving the neutron star in a roughly half-day orbit with a helium star with mass above ~3.3 Msun. A second phase of mass transfer was then initiated by Roche lobe overflow during shell helium burning, further reducing both the helium star mass and orbital period before the second supernova. Scenarios that avoid Roche lobe overflow by the helium star require larger helium star masses and predict space velocities inconsistent with our measurements. The companion neutron star experienced a velocity kick of 230+/-60 km/s at birth, leading to a systemic kick to the binary of 180+/-60 km/s., 9 pages, submitted to ApJ. Abstract shortened. Version with high-resolution figures available at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/stairs/papers/tds04_orig.ps.gz
Published: 2004

32. Pulsars

Author: Stephen E Thorsett
Published: 2004
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33. GRB 020410: A Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Discovered by its Supernova Light

Author: S. T. Holland, Chryssa Kouveliotou, J. M. Castro Cerón, S. E. Woosley, James E. Rhoads, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Stephen E. Thorsett, Johan P. U. Fynbo, S. Golenetskii, Peter Nugent, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, A. J. Levan, Nial R. Tanvir, I. Burud, Elena Pian, J. Gorosabel, David Branch, A. S. Fruchter, Jens Hjorth, M. Ulanov, Palle Møller, and Peter M. Garnavich
Subjects: GRB supernova, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, Afterglow, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Hubble space telescope, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the discovery and monitoring of the optical transient (OT) associated with GRB 020410. The fading OT was found by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations taken 28 and 65 days after burst at a position consistent with the X-ray afterglow. Subsequent re-examination of early ground based observations revealed that a faint OT was present 6 hours after burst, confirming the source association with GRB 020410. A deep non-detection after one week requires that the OT re-brightened between day 7 and day 28, and further late time HST data taken approximately 100 days after burst imply that it is very red.We compare both the flux and color of the excess with supernova models and show that the data are best explained by the presence of a Type Ib/c supernova at a redshift z ~ 0.5, which occured roughly coincident with the day of GRB., 23 Pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2004

34. Pulsar PSR B0656+14, the Monogem Ring, and the Origin of the 'Knee' in the Primary Cosmic Ray Spectrum

Author: W. M. Goss, Walter Brisken, Stephen E. Thorsett, Aaron Golden, and Robert A. Benjamin
Subjects: Proper motion, media_common.quotation_subject, psr-0656+14, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, single-source, velocities, Pulsar, supernova-remnants, Primary (astronomy), evolution, emission, neutron-star, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, acceleration of particles, Physics, supernova remnants, proper-motion, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, pulsars : individual (psr b0656+14), Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma-rays, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Magnitude (astronomy), energy
Abstract: The Monogem ring is a bright, diffuse, 25-degree-diameter supernova remnant easily visible in soft X-ray images of the sky. Projected within the ring is a young radio pulsar, PSR B0656+14. An association between the remnant and pulsar has been considered, but was seemingly ruled out by the direction and magnitude of the pulsar proper motion and by a distance estimate that placed the pulsar twice as far from Earth as the remnant. Here we show that in fact the pulsar was born very close to the center of the expanding remnant, both in distance and projection. The inferred pulsar and remnant ages are in good agreement. The conclusion that the pulsar and remnant were born in the same supernova explosion is nearly inescapable. The remnant distance and age are in remarkable concordance with the predictions of a model for the primary cosmic ray energy spectrum in which the `knee' feature is produced by a single dominant source., 4 pages, to appear in the Astrophys. J. Lett. Full size color figure can be found at http://www.thorsett.org/research
Published: 2003

35. The distance and radius of the neutron star PSR B0656+14

Author: Walter Brisken, Aaron Golden, Stephen E. Thorsett, and W. M. Goss
Subjects: psr-0656+14, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, psr b0656+14, Pulsar, emission, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Black-body radiation, Very Long Baseline Array, equation of state, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Photosphere, Astrophysics (astro-ph), pulsars : individual (psr b0656+14), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Astrometry, stars : neutron, space-telescope observations, model atmospheres, pulsar parallaxes, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, astrometry, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Parallax
Abstract: We present the result of astrometric observations of the radio pulsar PSR B0656+14, made using the Very Long Baseline Array. The parallax of the pulsar is pi = 3.47 +- 0.36 mas, yielding a distance of 288 +33 -27 pc. This independent distance estimate has been used to constrain existing models of thermal x-ray emission from the neutron star's photosphere. Simple blackbody fits to the x-ray data formally yield a neutron star radius R_inf ~ 7-8.5 km. With more realistic fits to a magnetized hydrogen atmosphere, any radius between ~13 and ~20 km is allowed., Comment: 7 pages including 1 figure. Submitted to ApJL. AAStex
Published: 2003
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36. A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY USING PSR B1534+12

Author: Ingrid H. Stairs, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Emmanuel Fonseca
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, General relativity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Omega, Neutron star, Orbit, Theory of relativity, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Precession, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Spin-½
Abstract: We present updated analyses of pulse profiles and their arrival-times from PSR B1534+12, a 37.9-ms radio pulsar in orbit with another neutron star. A high-precision timing model is derived from twenty-two years of timing data, and accounts for all astrophysical processes that systematically affect pulse arrival-times. Five "post-Keplerian" parameters are measured that represent relativistic corrections to the standard Keplerian quantities of the pulsar's binary orbit. These relativistic parameters are then used to test general relativity by comparing the measurements with their predicted values. We conclude that relativity theory is confirmed to within 0.17% of its predictions. Furthermore, we derive the following astrophysical results from our timing analysis: a distance of $d_{\rm GR} = 1.051 \pm 0.005$ kpc to the pulsar-binary system, by relating the "excess" orbital decay to Galactic parameters; evidence for pulse "jitter" in PSR B1534+12 due to short-term magnetospheric activity; and evolution in pulse-dispersion properties. As a secondary study, we also present several analyses on pulse-structure evolution and its connection to relativistic precession of the pulsar's spin axis. The precession-rate measurement yields a value of $\Omega_1^{\rm spin}$ = $0.59^{+0.12}_{-0.08}$ $^{\circ}$/year (68% confidence) that is consistent with expectations, and represents an additional test of relativistic gravity., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ on 6 April 2014. v3: added references, a structure-function analysis/discussion, edited MCMC figure and timing-error analysis, corrected minor errors in calculations for distance and MCMC results, and used most up-to-date planetary ephemeris for timing
Published: 2014
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37. Measurement of the Parallax of PSR B0950+08 Using the VLBA

Author: J. M. Benson, Anthony Beasley, W. M. Goss, Edward B. Fomalont, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Walter Brisken
Subjects: Physics, Proper motion, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Local Bubble, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Calibration, Ionosphere, Parallax, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: A new technique has been developed to remove the ionosphere's distorting effects from low frequency VLBI data. By fitting dispersive and non-dispersive components to the phases of multi-frequency data, the ionosphere can be effectively removed from the data without the use of {\em a priori} calibration information. This technique, along with the new gating capability of the VLBA correlator, was used to perform accurate astrometry on pulsar B0950+08, resulting in a much improved measurement of this pulsar's proper motion ($\mu_{\alpha} = -1.6 \pm 0.4$ mas/yr, $\mu_{\delta} = 29.5 \pm 0.5$ mas/yr) and parallax ($\pi = 3.6 \pm 0.3$ mas). This puts the pulsar at a distance of $280 \pm 25$ parsecs, about twice as far as previous estimates, but in good agreement with models of the electron density in the local bubble., Comment: 5 pages, Latex with AASTEX. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2000
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38. Proper Motion Measurements with the VLA: I. Wide-field Imaging and Pulse Gating Techniques

Author: A. S. Fruchter, Walter Brisken, R. S. McGary, W. M. Goss, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Proper motion, Wide field imaging, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Large sample, Supernova, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Data analysis, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The pulsar velocity distribution provides information about the binary history of pulsar progenitors as well as asymmetries of the supernova events in which pulsars are born. Studies of local pulsars present a biased view of this distribution, since they preferentially select low velocity pulsars that have remained near their birthplaces in the Galactic plane. Using the VLA, we have studied the proper motions of a large sample of distant pulsars. These pulsars are generally faint, and the expected proper motions are small. In this paper, we describe the data analysis techniques that we have developed to allow precise astrometric measurements of faint sources with the VLA. These techniques include ``gating'' the VLA correlator to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulsar by gathering data only during the pulse. Wide-field imaging techniques, including multiband imaging to account for bandwidth smearing, were used to allow identification of multiple in-beam background sources for astrometric calibration. We present the analysis of three pulsars, and demonstrate that astrometric accuracy of about ten milliarcseconds can be obtained for individual sources with our technique, allowing measurement of proper motions with errors of only a few milliarcseconds per year over our seven year baseline., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal, 19 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2000
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39. Eclipses of the ablating binary pulsar PSR1744–24A

Author: Stephen E. Thorsett and David J. Nice
Subjects: Physics, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Binary pulsar, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Globular cluster, Binary star, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Roche lobe, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Eclipse
Abstract: PSR1744–24A, a binary pulsar in the globular cluster Terzan 5, is eclipsed for up to half of each 109-minute orbit1,2. This is a much longer duration than its 0.09-solar-mass companion star could cause if it were confined within its Roche lobe, and has led to the suggestion that PSR1744–24A is ablating material from its companion, producing an extensive stellar wind that eclipses the radio signal. We have measured the pulsar light curve at a frequency of 1.67 GHz, and find that the eclipse is not total: maximum attenuation in some cases is only about 70 per cent. The pulsar signal is substantially delayed during the eclipse. We model these observations by means of free-free absorption and dispersion in an ionized wind, processes which also explain the frequency dependence of the eclipse duration3. A simplified model predicts a wind density at the Roche surface of ˜6x 107 electrons cm−3 and an electron temperature in the wind of (3.6–15) x 103 K, although some theoretical difficulties remain. Such a wind is unlikely to ablate the companion star entirely in less than a Hubble time, so that in this one case at least, ablation may not ultimately form an isolated millisecond pulsar.
Published: 1991
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40. A Baseband Recorder for Radio Pulsar Observations

Author: Eric M. Splaver, Ingrid H. Stairs, Stephen E. Thorsett, James Taylor, and David J. Nice
Subjects: Physics, Quantization (signal processing), Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Filter bank, 01 natural sciences, Narrowband, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Baseband, Electronic engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Radio astronomy
Abstract: Digital signal recorders are becoming widely used in several subfields of centimetre-wavelength radio astronomy. We review the benefits and design considerations of such systems and describe the Princeton Mark IV instrument, an implementation designed for coherent-dedispersion pulsar observations. Features of this instrument include corrections for the distortions caused by coarse quantization of the incoming signal, as well algorithms which effectively excise both narrowband and broadband radio-frequency interference. Observations at 430 MHz using the Mark IV system in parallel with a system using a 250 kHz filter bank and incoherent dedispersion demonstrated timing precision improvement by a factor of 3 or better for typical millisecond pulsars., 20 pages, 8 figures. To appear in MNRAS. Corrected typo in and text near equation 2
Published: 1999

41. Binary Eclipsing Millisecond Pulsars: A Decade of Timing

Author: David J. Nice, Zaven Arzoumanian, and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Line-of-sight, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Rotation, Orbital period, Gravitation, Amplitude, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Orbital motion, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results of long-term timing of eclipsing binaries PSR B1744-24A and PSR B1957+20 at Arecibo, the VLA, and Green Bank. Both pulsars exhibit irregularities in pulsar rotation and orbital motion. Increases and decreases of the orbital period of PSR B1957+20 are of order Delta-P_b/P_b ~ 10^-7, varying on a time scale of a few years. Over a decade of observations, the orbital period of PSR B1744-24A has only decreased, with time scale |P_b/P_b-dot| ~ 200 Myr. When the effects of orbital motion are removed from the timing data, long-term trends remain in the pulse phase residuals, with amplitudes of order 30 and 500 us, respectively, for B1957+20 and B1744-24A. Such large "timing noise" is not seen in other spun-up pulsars (isolated or binary), leading us to conclude that it is a consequence of mass flow in the system. Possible causes include variations in the rotation of the pulsars and movement of the binary systems along the line of sight (perhaps due to gravitational interactions with outflowing matter)., Six pages, for the proceedings of Pulsar Astronomy--2000 and Beyond
Published: 1999

42. Multifrequency Observations of Giant Radio Pulses from the Millisecond Pulsar B1937+21

Author: Stephen E. Thorsett and A. Kinkhabwala
Subjects: Physics, Scattering, Crab Pulsar, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Intensity (physics), law.invention, Pulse (physics), Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Giant pulses are short, intense outbursts of radio emission with a power-law intensity distribution that have been observed from the Crab Pulsar and PSR B1937+21. We have undertaken a systematic study of giant pulses from PSR B1937+21 using the Arecibo telescope at 430, 1420, and 2380 MHz. At 430 MHz, interstellar scattering broadens giant pulses to durations of $\sim50 \mu$secs, but at higher frequencies the pulses are very short, typically lasting only $\sim1$-$2 \mu$secs. At each frequency, giant pulses are emitted only in narrow ($\lsim10 \mu$s) windows of pulse phase located $\sim 55$-$70 \mu$sec after the main and interpulse peaks. Although some pulse-to-pulse jitter in arrival times is observed, the mean arrival phase appears stable; a timing analysis of the giant pulses yields precision competitive with the best average profile timing studies. We have measured the intensity distribution of the giant pulses, confirming a roughly power-law distribution with approximate index of -1.8, contributing $\gsim0.1%$ to the total flux at each frequency. We also find that the intensity of giant pulses falls off with a slightly steeper power of frequency than the ordinary radio emission., Comment: 21 pages, 10 Postscript figures; LaTeX with aaspp4.sty and epsf.tex; submitted to ApJ
Published: 1999

43. New limits on gravitational symmetry violations from pulsar measurements

Author: Stephen E. Thorsett and Joshua R. Klein
Subjects: Physics, Gravitation, Gravity (chemistry), Gravitational field, Pulsar, Quantum mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Atomic Physics, Hydrogen atom, Astrophysics, Ground state, Hyperfine structure, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract: It was recently noted that symmetry violations in gravity are constrained by timing observations of pulsars. We present measurements which substantially improve the limits on these terms, surpassing the quarter century old results obtained from measurements of the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
Published: 1990
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44. HST/STIS observations of the optical counterpart to GRB970228

Author: Elena Pian, Andrew S. Fruchter, Jan van Paradijs, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Filippo Frontera, Duccio Macchetto, Larry Petro, Paul J. Groot, Mario Livio, Marco Tavani, R. A. Gonzalez, Richard Hook, Stephen E. Thorsett, Max Mutchler, Eliana Palazzi, Titus Galama, and Kailash C. Sahu
Subjects: Physics, Nebula, Proper motion, Hubble Deep Field, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, GRB 970228, Magnitude (astronomy), Surface brightness, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on observations of the fading optical counterpart of the gamma-ray burst GRB 970228, made on 4~September~1997 using the STIS CCD on the Hubble Space Telescope. The unresolved counterpart is detected at V=28 +/- 0.25, consistent with a continued power-law decline with exponent -1.14 +/- 0.05. No proper motion is detected, in contradiction of an earlier claim. The counterpart is located within, but near the edge of, a faint extended source with diameter ~0."8 and integrated magnitude 25.7 +/- 0.25. Comparison with WFPC2 data taken one month after the initial burst and NTT data taken on March 13 shows no evidence for fading of the extended emission. After adjusting for the probable Galactic extinction in the direction of GRB 970228 of A_v=0.7, we find that the observed nebula is consistent with the sizes of galaxies of comparable magnitude found in the Hubble Deep Field and other deep HST images, and that only 2% of the sky is covered by galaxies of similar or greater surface brightness. We therefore conclude that the extended source observed about GRB 970228 is most likely a galaxy at moderate redshift, and is almost certainly the host of the gamma-ray burst., Comment: 7 pages (with 2 embedded figures), to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium, held Sep 15-20, 1997, eds. C. A. Meegan, R. Preece, and T. Koshut
Published: 1998
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45. Coherently Dedispersed Polarimetry of Millisecond Pulsars

Author: Ingrid H. Stairs, Stephen E. Thorsett, and Fernando Camilo
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Classification scheme, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Large sample, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: We present a large sample of high-precision, coherently-dedispersed polarization profiles of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) at frequencies between 410 and 1414 MHz. These data include the first polarimetric observations of several of the pulsars, and the first low-frequency polarization profiles for others. Our observations support previous suggestions that the pulse shapes and polarimetry of MSPs are more complex than those of their slower relatives. An immediate conclusion is that polarimetry-based classification schemes proposed for young pulsars are of only limited use when applied to millisecond pulsars., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures. Text matches version that appeared in ApJS. Full paper with high-resolution figures available at ftp://ftp.jb.man.ac.uk/pub/psr/papers/msppolpton.ps.gz
Published: 1998
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46. Neutron Star Mass Measurements. I. Radio Pulsars

Author: Deepto Chakrabarty and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Solar mass, Mass distribution, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Accretion (astrophysics), Magnetic field, Neutron star, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: There are now about fifty known radio pulsars in binary systems, including at least five in double neutron star binaries. In some cases, the stellar masses can be directly determined from measurements of relativistic orbital effects. In others, only an indirect or statistical estimate of the masses is possible. We review the general problem of mass measurement in radio pulsar binaries, and critically discuss all current estimates of the masses of radio pulsars and their companions. We find that significant constraints exist on the masses of twenty-one radio pulsars, and on five neutron star companions of radio pulsars. All the measurements are consistent with a remarkably narrow underlying gaussian mass distribution, m = 1.35 +- 0.04 solar masses. There is no evidence that extensive mass accretion (delta m >~ 0.1 solar mass) has occurred in these systems. We also show that the observed inclinations of millisecond pulsar binaries are consistent with a random distribution, and thus find no evidence for either alignment or counteralignment of millisecond pulsar magnetic fields., 35 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Astrophys. J. Also available at http://pulsar.princeton.edu/pulsar/publications.shtml
Published: 1998
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47. FLIRT update: Rapid radio observations of GRBs

Author: William A. Coles, B. J. Rickett, T. Cline, Paul S. Ray, R. J. Balsano, Stephen E. Thorsett, S. Barthelmy, P. S. Butterworth, and N. Gehrels
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Intergalactic medium, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, law.invention
Abstract: The Fallbrook Low-Frequency Immediate Response Telescope (FLIRT) is a phased radio array located in Fallbrook, CA which is remotely operated from Princeton, NJ. The experiment is designed to detect prompt radio counterparts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at 74 MHz. Observations are triggered by the BATSE locations distributed through the GRB Coordinate Network and begin ∼10 s after BATSE detects a GRB. FLIRT is capable of detecting a 100 Jy source in a 10 s integration. A prompt radio burst at 74 MHz would follow a GRB by up to 30 minutes for bursts at cosmological distances. Thus, for cosmological GRBs, FLIRT can probe the pre-GRB radio emission. With even a crude second estimate of the GRB source distance, the dispersion measure can be used to estimate the column density of ionized hydrogen in the intergalactic medium.
Published: 1998
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48. Measurement of Relativistic Orbital Decay in the PSR B1534+12 Binary System

Author: Alex Wolszczan, Ingrid H. Stairs, Zaven Arzoumanian, Stephen E. Thorsett, Fernando Camilo, J. H. Taylor, Andrew Lyne, and David J. Nice
Subjects: Orbital elements, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General relativity, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Orbital period, Orbital decay, 01 natural sciences, Binary pulsar, LIGO, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We have made timing observations of binary pulsar PSR B1534+12 with radio telescopes at Arecibo, Green Bank, and Jodrell Bank. By combining our new observations with data collected up to seven years earlier, we obtain a significantly improved solution for the astrometric, spin, and orbital parameters of the system. For the first time in any binary pulsar system, no fewer than five relativistic or "post-Keplerian" orbital parameters are measurable with useful accuracies in a theory-independent way. We find the orbital period of the system to be decreasing at a rate close to that expected from gravitational radiation damping, according to general relativity, although the precision of this test is limited to about 15% by the otherwise poorly known distance to the pulsar. The remaining post-Keplerian parameters are all consistent with one another and all but one of them have fractional accuracies better than 1%. By assuming that general relativity is the correct theory of gravity, at least to the accuracy demanded by this experiment, we find the masses of the pulsar and companion star each to be 1.339+-0.003 Msun and the system's distance to be d = 1.1+-0.2 kpc, marginally larger than the d ~ 0.7 kpc estimated from the dispersion measure. The increased distance reduces estimates of the projected rate of coalescence of double neutron-star systems in the universe, a quantity of considerable interest for experiments with terrestrial gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO., 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the ApJ
Published: 1997

49. BROADBAND PULSATIONS FROM PSR B1821–24: IMPLICATIONS FOR EMISSION MODELS AND THE PULSAR POPULATION OF M28

Author: Cristobal M. Espinoza, Roger W. Romani, Alice K. Harding, J. M. Casandjian, Peter F. Michelson, Ryan Shannon, Ismaël Cognard, Gemma H. Janssen, Stephen E. Thorsett, Michael Kramer, Steve Bégin, Matthew Kerr, Tyrel J. Johnson, Michael T. Wolff, Ben Stappers, Paulo C. C. Freire, C. C. Cheung, J. E. Grove, Matthew Wood, Ingrid H. Stairs, Christo Venter, Paul S. Ray, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, Andrew Lyne, Lucas Guillemot, David Stanley Smith, Gilles Theureau, Scott M. Ransom, Fernando Camilo, Simon Johnston, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FERMI, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 12006653 - Venter, Christo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, individual (B1821-24) [Pulsars], Astrophysics, individual (M28) [Globular clusters], 01 natural sciences, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stellar density, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], stars [Gamma rays], Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, Globular cluster, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report a 5.4\sigma\ detection of pulsed gamma rays from PSR B1821-24 in the globular cluster M28 using ~44 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data that have been reprocessed with improved instrument calibration constants. We constructed a phase-coherent ephemeris, with post-fit residual RMS of 3 \mu s, using radio data spanning ~23.2 years, enabling measurements of the multi-wavelength light curve properties of PSR B1821-24 at the milliperiod level. We fold RXTE observations of PSR B1821-24 from 1996 to 2007 and discuss implications on the emission zones. The gamma-ray light curve consists of two peaks, separated by 0.41$\pm$0.02 in phase, with the first gamma-ray peak lagging the first radio peak by 0.05$\pm$0.02 in phase, consistent with the phase of giant radio pulses. We observe significant emission in the off-peak interval of PSR B1821-24 with a best-fit LAT position inconsistent with the core of M28. We do not detect significant gamma-ray pulsations at the spin or orbital periods from any other known pulsar in M28, and we place limits on the number of energetic pulsars in the cluster. The derived gamma-ray efficiency, ~2%, is typical of other gamma-ray pulsars with comparable spin-down power, suggesting that the measured spin-down rate ($2.2\times10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$) is not appreciably distorted by acceleration in the cluster potential. This confirms PSR B1821-24 as the second very energetic millisecond pulsar in a globular cluster and raises the question of whether these represent a separate class of objects that only form in regions of very high stellar density, Comment: 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2013
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50. Determining the Gamma-Ray Burst Distance Scale: Observational Prospects

Author: Fiona A. Harrison and Stephen E. Thorsett
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, law.invention, Galactic halo, Telescope, Orbit, Space and Planetary Science, law, Observatory, Halo, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory has demonstrated that we live near the center of an isotropic but bounded distribution of gamma-ray burst sources but has left unsettled whether the bursts occur in our own Galaxy or at cosmological distances. Because a distance and energy scale is crucial to constraining burst models, this distance ambiguity must be resolved. The key experiment that would distinguish the possibilities is a search for bursts from the halo of M31 or other nearby galaxies. We discuss the observational prospects for this test, showing that no telescope now in orbit or scheduled for launch can settle the debate, but that an experiment could be done with a low-cost, dedicated instrument.
Published: 1996
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