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A novel high-dynamic range camera-based approach to measure the cumulative daylight dose in historic/conservation spaces has been devised and tested in a real-world setting under normal viewing conditions. The technique derives illuminance from the high-dynamic range-acquired luminance at numerous patches of the wall surfaces visible in the high-dynamic range image. These patches serve as proxy illuminance meters, thereby allowing the prevailing illumination field across the entire visible wall to be derived using a Kriging algorithm. The technique was validated under both controlled and in-situ conditions over periods of several months and shown to have comparable accuracy to the illuminance logging devices commonly used in historic/conservation settings. The set-up comprising a consumer digital camera and tethered computer proved remarkably resilient and allowed for continuous monitoring periods of six months or more. Application in a real-world setting revealed operational practicalities that would not have been found in a controlled environment.

This paper describes a pioneering in situ study of the daylight characteristics of a historic house interior. A combination of lux measurements inside and outside a historic showroom and recording ...

This paper describes a project to reduce the excessive daylight exposure of an oil painting, Hambletonian, Rubbing Down, displayed at Mount Stewart, Northern Ireland. Climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM) was used to understand the light exposure of Hambletonian and to assess the impact of control measures on the annual light exposure and viewing condition of the painting in the winter months. The computer model was used in conjunction with measured lux data to establish the base case light exposure and the effect of the control measures. Light control was implemented through the use of darker paint finishes on the walls and ceiling, which reduced the amount of reflected light reaching Hambletonian; and the addition of a mesh screen to the outside of the glazed dome above the painting. These interventions were cost-effective and straightforward to implement and manage. CBDM suggests the interventions reduced Hambletonian’s annual daylight exposure from 3.5 mlxhr to 0.63 mlxhr.

The essential resource to an integrated approach to reservoir modelling by highlighting both the input of data and the modelling results Reservoir Modelling offers a comprehensive guide to the procedures and workflow for building a 3-D model. Designed to be practical, the principles outlined can be applied to any modelling project regardless of the software used. The author - a noted practitioner in the field - captures the heterogeneity due to structure, stratigraphy and sedimentology that has an impact on flow in the reservoir. This essential guide follows a general workflow from data QC and project management, structural modelling, facies and property modelling to upscaling and the requirements for dynamic modelling. The author discusses structural elements of a model and reviews both seismic interpretation and depth conversion, which are known to contribute most to volumetric uncertainty and shows how large-scale stratigraphic relationships are integrated into the reservoir framework. The text puts the focus on geostatistical modelling of facies and heterogeneities that constrain the distribution of reservoir properties including porosity, permeability and water saturation. In addition, the author discusses the role of uncertainty analysis in the static model and its impact on volumetric estimation. The text also addresses some typical approaches to modelling specific reservoirs through a mix of case studies and illustrative examples and: -Offers a practical guide to the use of data to build a successful reservoir model -Draws on the latest advances in 3-D modelling software -Reviews facies modelling, the different methods and the need for understanding the geological interpretation of cores and logs -Presents information on upscaling both the structure and the properties of a fine-scale geological model for dynamic simulation -Stresses the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach Written for geophysicists, reservoir geologists and petroleum engineers, Reservoir Modelling offers the essential information needed to understand a reservoir for modelling and contains the multidisciplinary nature of a reservoir modelling project.

Wise reported that of 74% of the girls and young women who were offered vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) only half the women not in education, employment, or training were included in the offer.1 Much more concerning is the fact that oropharyngeal cancer driven by HPV has the fastest rising incidence of any cancer, yet no boys in the United Kingdom are offered vaccination. We …

The availability of knock-in mutant mouse models for channelopathies of skeletal muscle has generated the need for improved methods to record ionic currents under voltage clamp in fully differentiated adult muscle fibres. A two-electrode voltage clamp has been optimized for recording Na+ currents in small fibres dissociated from the footpad. Clamp speed and spatial homogeneity were achieved by using short fibres (

The aim of this study was to compare accuracy of an image guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB), using ultrasound or computed tomography, to PCNB without image guidance in the diagnosis of palpable soft tissue tumours. One hundred forty patients with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma underwent a percutaneous core needle biopsy with or without image guidance. One hundred eleven patients had subsequent surgical excision. The accuracy of guided PCNB and blind PCNB was calculated by comparing the histological results of the needle biopsy to the surgical specimen. The diagnostic accuracy of blind percutaneous core needle biopsy was 78% (36 of 46 biopsies) and was significantly lower (por = 0.025) in comparison to image guided percutaneous core needle biopsy, which was 95% (62 of 65 biopsies). We suggest that image guidance improves the diagnostic accuracy of PCNB especially for small-size deep sited suspected soft tissue tumours.

Animal and human studies have suggested a thermogenic synergism between ephedrine (E), a beta-agonist, and caffeine (C), an adenosine antagonist, which may be suitable for the treatment of obesity. To study this phenomenon, the thermogenic effect of single doses of oral placebo, E 10 mg, E 20 mg, C 100 mg, and C 200 mg were compared with the effects of three different combinations of E + C, 10 mg/200 mg, 20 mg/100 mg, and 20 mg/200 mg, measured by indirect calorimetry in six healthy, lean subjects. The thermogenic effect after E + C 20 mg/200 mg was larger than that of any of the other combinations. In this dose ratio, ephedrine and caffeine exerted a supra-additive synergism, whereas the thermogenic effects of the other two combinations were only additive. The 3-hour postintake increase in systolic blood pressure after all three combinations averaged 5 to 7 mm Hg more than placebo (P less than .01), which exceeded the predicted additive effect fivefold to sevenfold. Diastolic blood pressure was not increased by E + C 20 mg/200 mg, whereas the other two combinations increased it by approximately 4 mm Hg more than placebo. E + C 20 mg/100 mg and 20 mg/200 mg increased heart rate more than placebo, while E + C 10 mg/200 mg had no effect on heart rate. As expected, all combinations increased plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide from their ephedrine content. No significant effects of the combinations were found on plasma lactate, glycerol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride, potassium, or sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A student-facilitated and faculty-supervised health promotion program for chronic disease management in at-risk elders was developed based on the belief that individual contact with high-risk elders will facilitate improved health behaviors while enhancing the real-life experiences of students through interdisciplinary collaboration and community-based learning. Subjects were seven students enrolled as health professions academic majors at the university who served as student health advocates in the Healthy Elder Living Program (HELP). The data collected included student reflection questionnaires, field notes from the HELP staff, and communication logs between the HELP coordinator and students. As student health advocates, the students made visits to at-risk elders to reinforce recommendations from health care providers, to review adherence to the Health Promotion Inventory (HPI), and to interact socially with the client through discussion of health- and non-health-related issues. A training model for health promotion was developed based on identification of four common themes of student performance as health advocates. Overall, students demonstrated a greater appreciation for the complexity of social, psychological, and physical aspects of chronic disease as a result of participation in this program for at-risk elders. They were able to apply professional skills learned in the classroom while providing a needed service to elders. At-risk clients also benefited from the HELP intervention, showing improved physical performance and less depression.

Background Bilateral oculomotor palsy is a rare manifestation of temporal arteritis, and to our knowledge only 1 case has been described in the literature. Objective To investigate a possible case of temporal arteritis in a patient with bilateral third nerve palsy. Design Case report and review. Setting University hospital. Patient A 65-year-old man had subacute pupil-sparing bilateral third nerve palsy. Results Temporal artery biopsy findings and response to corticosteroids are consistent with temporal arteritis. Conclusion Temporal arteritis is a rare cause of ophthalmoplegia in elderly persons and may be unrecognized.

Until a short time ago an orthopaedic surgeon could be forgiven for thinking that a PROM was an attractive stretch of land found in many a seaside resort or perhaps an over-hyped end-of-term event at an American high school. However, the day of the patient-reported outcome measure is now with us – and justifiably so. I think that it is only by truly measuring outcomes that we can receive an informed 360-degree appraisal of our efforts.

Postpoliomyelitis syndrome is characterized by new neuromuscular symptoms, including weakness, developing years after recovery from acute polio. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is presented as a new manifestation of this syndrome. Other clinical features of post-poliomyelitis syndrome in this report are discussed. The etiology of this syndrome is unknown, though attrition or immune-mediated destruction of collateral muscular innervation appears likely. The pathologic findings include scattered individual muscle fiber atrophy as well as evidence of chronic denervation and reinnervation. This form of motor deterioration is not life-threatening, but potentially may cause increasing disability in a large number of polio survivors. Proper supportive care of facial, laryngeal, and pharyngeal weakness is crucial in the management of these patients.