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Synthesis of silica dioxide nanoparticles using silica solubilizing bacteria It has been reported that metal nanoparticles synthesized by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae etc.) are due to the secretion of various bio-reducing agents, such as enzymes, peptides, proteins, electron shuttle quinines and exopolysaccharides (EPS). SP 27 sp The biosynthesis of nanoparticles mainly depends upon on various biochemical characteristics of the microorganisms. The findings observed in the study were very well supported by the previous reports of Rodrigues et al. (2020) and Abd-Elmohsen et al. (2019) synthesized SiO SB 2 sb nanoparticles using other biological systems.[[31], [39]] Rovani et al. (2019) also studied the electron microscopy of silica nanoparticles observed that the SiO SB 2 sb nanoparticles formed aggregates of several nanoparticles that were in close agreement with the results obtained in the present study.[[38]] 3.2.4. [Extracted from the article]

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles are of great interest compared to their bulk counterpart due to their higher surface area, enhanced possibilities of bio-distribution and high rate of reactivity. In the present work, we report a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for the synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles based on the aqueous-gaseous phase reaction of iron (III) chloride solution by ammonia vapor. Post-physicochemical characterization of these nanoparticles, we have further reported that these positive surface charged containing particles can increase the plant growth under in vitro conditions. Investigations on maize plant show that Fe2O3 nanoparticles could have potential as a fertilizer substituent. Moreover, these particles were found to exhibit good photocatalytic activity against Rhodamine B, indicating their potential use toward soil remediation affected with industrial wastewater from dye industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is endemic in livestock leading to low per animal productivity. MAP as survives pasteurization, poses a public health problem because of high exposure to animals and humans. There is an urgent need for newer diagnostic tests with high specificity and sensitivity as the current ones suffer from lower sensitivity and specificity. In present study, six Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)-specific culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) were produced and evaluated for sero-diagnosis of MAP infection in goat and cattle herds in India. Genes encoding for six MAP-CFPs were amplified and cloned into easy cloning vector pJET1.2/pTZ57R followed by sub-cloning into expression vector pET28a (+)/pET22b (+) containing C-terminal Histidine. Recombinant CFPs (r-CFPs) expressions were optimized in Escherichia coli (Rosetta cells) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. In SDS-PAGE, MAP CFPs viz., 1693c, 2168c, ModD, 85C, Pep AN and Pep AC showed 22, 24, 55, 38, 20 and 25 kDa molecular masses, respectively. Identity of these r-CFPs was further confirmed by immunoblotting. We developed six different ELISAs using the six individual r-CFPs and one additional ELISA i.e. cocktail ELISA (c-ELISA) was prepared using cocktail of all 6 r-CFPs. The performance of all seven ELISAs were further evaluated against whole cell protoplasmic based indigenous ELISA (i-ELISA). c-ELISA showed almost similar sensitivity as shown by i-ELISA. However, individual r-CFP based ELISA could not reach up to the sensitivity of cocktail of six r-CFPs. None of the r-CFP showed any false positive (as compare to i-ELISA) thereby specificity was 100%. Results of ELISA tests based on cocktail of r-CFPs, ModD and 85C were quite similar to i-ELISA from goat sera whereas in cattle serum c-ELISA was comparable with i-ELISA. Our study showed a comparable specificity of c-ELISA for the diagnosis of JD and it may have applicability in region where disease is endemic. Future validation of c-ELISA against gold standard or confirmatory tests would give a better insight on its diagnostic potential over i-ELISA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic colors have been widely used in various industries including food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. However, toxicity problems caused by synthetic pigments have triggered intense research in natural colors and dyes. Among the natural sources, pigment producing microorganisms hold a promising potential to meet present day challenges. Furthermore, natural colors not only improve the commercial value of the product but also impart additional properties like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and many more. In this chapter, we present various sources of microbial pigments along with their biological and clinical properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. The study also emphasizes key parameters to improve the bioactivity and production of microbial pigments for their commercial use in pharmacological and medical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have attracted significant interest in a number of applications ranging from electronics to biomedical sciences due to their large exaction binding energy (60 meV) and wide bandgap of 3.37 eV. In the present study, we report the low-cost bacterium based "eco-friendly" efficient synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by using the zinc-tolerant bacteria Serratia nematodiphila . The physicochemical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles was performed by employing UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. The antimicrobial and antifungal studies were investigated at different concentrations using the agar well-diffusion method, whereby the microbial growth rate decreases with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. Further, photocatalytic performance studies were conducted by taking methyl orange (MO) as a reference dye., (Copyright © 2020 Jain, Shivani, Bhojiya, Singh, Daima, Singh, Mohanty, Stephen and Singh.)