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Objective Clarify the safety and efficacy of the endovascular treatment of distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms, reporting outcomes of the aneurysms coiled in our service were compared with series of microsurgical treatment. The impact of embolization on ruptured or unruptured aneurysms remains controversial according to the current data, considering aneurysm from this topography should be aggressively treated due to their high incidence of rupture, currently there is a tend to prefer endovascular treatment. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 1092 patients admitted with cerebral aneurysm from October 2005 to March 2015 in our service. There were 31 cases of DACA aneurysms treated with the endovascular technique. These were compared with same topography aneurysms underwent to clipping. Results A total of 21 (67%) of 31 cases presented with ruptured aneurysms, 13 (59%) suffered clinical or radiological vasospasms, with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 3–5 in 7 patients (31%), and 4 deaths (mRS 6), reaching 92% of occlusion at one year. Conclusion Endovascular approach is associated with high angiographic occlusion rates and security.

Objective Compare 30 days mortality of patients harboring acute subdural hematomas in two series, one treated only by wide aspiration of hematoma and other with aspiration followed by decompressive craniectomy. Methods Comparing retrospectively two series of ASD with and without DC. Involved 81 TBI patients with acute subdural hematoma and GCS ≤ 8 (Jan 2000 to Nov 2014) arranged into two groups. Group 1 - 58 cases underwent to DC. Group 2 - 23 patients underwent only hematoma aspiration. Results Group 1 showed 44.8% mortality directly due to brain lesion within 30 days. The most frequent associated lesion were contusion in 37.2%. Group 2 the mortality within 30 days was 47.8%. The majority of deaths (82%) resulted from uncontrollable brain swelling, midline shift was present in 94.7% of patients. Conclusion High admission GCS and age less than 50 remain better outcome predictor in 30 days survival for patients undergoing surgery of traumatic ASDH.

We report here the facile substitution of aromatic iodides with non-activated fluoroarenes through radical-promoted reaction conditions. Applying the recently-popularized BHAS methodology, catalytic 1,10-phenanthroline and KO t Bu and the desired fluorobenzene as reactant and solvent, various fluorinated biaryls can be synthesized in moderate to good yields. The method provides a simple access to generate potentially many ‘F n Ar’-substituted derivatives from a single haloarene synthetic intermediate, using relatively cheap and non-toxic fluoroarene substrates directly from the bottle, and may therefore be of use for medicinal chemistry campaigns. Although the method has a limitation in that it is not compatible with substrates featuring base-sensitive substituents, especially 1,4-difluorobiaryls are accessible in good yields. These investigations facilitate the exploitation of the potential of this protocol to synthesize biologically active fluorinated biaryls, e.g. WNT-active molecules.

Summary The core structure of the iridoid monoterpenes is formed by a unique cyclization reaction. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, iridoid synthase, is mechanistically distinct from other terpene cyclases. Here we describe the synthesis of two substrate analogs to probe the mechanism of iridoid synthase. Enzymatic assay of these substrate analogs along with clues from the product profile of the native substrate strongly suggest that iridoid synthase utilizes a Michael reaction to achieve cyclization. This improved mechanistic understanding will facilitate the exploitation of the potential of iridoid synthase to synthesize new cyclic compounds from nonnatural substrates., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Iridoid synthase can turn over substrate analogs • Iridoid synthase yields both open and closed forms of its native product • The combined evidence suggests that iridoid synthase uses a Michael reaction, Enzymatic assay of two substrate analogs, along with clues from the product profile of the native substrate, strongly suggest that the iridoid synthase enzyme utilizes a Michael reaction to achieve cyclization.

The resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) are a family of benzannulated macrolides, which are produced by a variety of fungi and show versatile biological activities (6). According to their name, they consist structurally of a partially substituted β-resorcylic acid scaffold, which is linked to a 12- or 14-membered macrolactone moiety. Selected members of this group are shown in Fig. 9.1.

A method for the conversion of methyl ethers into alkenes is described. In a one-step and mild procedure, both conjugated and isolated cyclic alkenes are accessible in mostly good yields using triflic anhydride in combination with triethylamine. This elimination procedure can also be applied to ethyl and benzyl ethers.